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Yan-Peng Cai
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

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Original article
Published: 13 July 2021 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Vegetation in hot and arid valleys is a crucial indicator of ecosystem health, but is vulnerable to human activities and environmental change. Using the Longkaikou Reservoir in the Jinsha River in southwestern China as a case study, we developed a spatially explicit model that combined the plant growth, fruiting, seed dispersal, and seed germination stages to reveal the potential impact of multiple human activities (reservoir construction, logging, grazing, and aerial seeding) on the vegetation dynamics of Dodonaea viscosa and Pinus yunnanensis. After reservoir construction, the grassland area of 68 km2 in 2003 decreased to 24 km2 in 2018, replaced by forest, shrubland, and bodies of water, and the precipitation increased during the dry season, which indicated the improvement of the local plant and soil environment. Our model predicted that when soil moisture decreased by more than 20% compared to current levels, the area of D. viscosa increased greatly at low elevations; however, when at higher soil moisture, P. yunnanensis would occupy more of the study area. Logging and grazing would slightly change the spatial pattern of vegetation and delay P. yunnanensis communities from achieving stability by directly reducing plant biomass. Countermeasures such as aerial seeding would increase the total area by 13.13 km2 and 8.09 km2 of two plants, respectively, and accelerate the stabilization of plant communities. The effects of multiple human activities on vegetation may counteract each other; for example, logging decreased the P. yunnanensis area whereas aerial seeding increased it, and plant biomass changed in response to this pressure. Given the complex relationships between vegetation and human impacts, our study provides a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological security in this hot and arid valley.

ACS Style

Wei Yang; Jun Pei; Yan-Peng Cai; Yu-Jun Yi. Impact of anthropogenic activities on vegetation dynamics in a reservoir area: model establishment and a case study of Longkaikou Reservoir in China. Journal of Mountain Science 2021, 18, 1823 -1836.

AMA Style

Wei Yang, Jun Pei, Yan-Peng Cai, Yu-Jun Yi. Impact of anthropogenic activities on vegetation dynamics in a reservoir area: model establishment and a case study of Longkaikou Reservoir in China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2021; 18 (7):1823-1836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Yang; Jun Pei; Yan-Peng Cai; Yu-Jun Yi. 2021. "Impact of anthropogenic activities on vegetation dynamics in a reservoir area: model establishment and a case study of Longkaikou Reservoir in China." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 7: 1823-1836.

Review article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Frontiers of Earth Science
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With the intensification of climate change and human activities, the watershed ecosystem is seriously fragmented, which leads to the obstruction of hydrological connectivity, and further causes the degradation of the ecosystem. As the value of wetlands continues to be exploited, hydrological connectivity becomes increasingly significant. In this paper, the characteristics and development of hydrological connectivity research from 1998 to 2018 were analyzed through the scientometric analysis based on Web of Science database. CiteSpace, an analytical software for scientific measurement, is used to visualize the results of the retrieval. The analysis results of co-occurrence, co-operative and co-cited network indicate that the hydrological connectivity is a multidisciplinary field which involves the Environment Science and Ecology, Water Resources, Environmental Sciences, Geology and Geosciences. According to Keyword cooccurrence analysis, ecosystem, floodplain, dynamics, climate change and management are the main research hotspots in each period. In addition, the co-cited analysis of references shows that “amphibians” is the largest cluster of hydrological connectivity, and the “channel network” is the most important research topic. It is worth noting that the “GIWS” (Geographically Isolated Wetlands) is the latest research topic and may be a major research direction in the future.

ACS Style

Bowen Li; Zhifeng Yang; Yanpeng Cai; Bo Li. The frontier evolution and emerging trends of hydrological connectivity in river systems: a scientometric review. Frontiers of Earth Science 2021, 15, 81 -93.

AMA Style

Bowen Li, Zhifeng Yang, Yanpeng Cai, Bo Li. The frontier evolution and emerging trends of hydrological connectivity in river systems: a scientometric review. Frontiers of Earth Science. 2021; 15 (1):81-93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bowen Li; Zhifeng Yang; Yanpeng Cai; Bo Li. 2021. "The frontier evolution and emerging trends of hydrological connectivity in river systems: a scientometric review." Frontiers of Earth Science 15, no. 1: 81-93.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Most heavy metal exposure and pollution results from multiple industrial activities, including metal processing in refineries, and microelectronics. These issues pose a great threat to human health, ecological balance, and even societal stability. During 2012–2017, China, in particular, faced the challenge of 23 heavy metals accidents, six of which were extraordinarily serious accidents. Accidental environmental pollution is rarely caused by a single heavy metal, but rather by heavy metal mixtures. To address the need for a joint exposure risk assessment for heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale, a Copula-based exposure risk dynamic simulation model was proposed. A coupled hydrodynamic and accidental heavy metal exposure model is constructed for an hourly simulation of the exposure fate of heavy metals from each risk source once accidental leakage has occurred. The Copula analysis was introduced to calculate the dual heavy metal joint exposure probability in real time. This method was applied to an acute Cr6+-Hg2+ joint exposure risk assessment for 43 electroplating plants in nine sub-watersheds within the Dongjiang River downstream basin. The results indicated seven risk sources (i.e., S1, S4, H18, H23, H27–H28, and H34) that presented relatively high exposure risk to their surrounding sub-watersheds. Spatially, the acute exposure risk level was highest in the tributary basin (sub-watershed XW) than in the mainstream (sub-watershed DW2) and the river network (sub-watershed RW) of the lower reaches of the Dongjiang River. This research highlights an effective probabilistic approach for performing a joint exposure risk analysis of heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale.

ACS Style

Jing Liu; Renzhi Liu; Zhijiao Zhang; Hanwen Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Zhifeng Yang; Sakari Kuikka. Copula-based exposure risk dynamic simulation of dual heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 277, 111481 .

AMA Style

Jing Liu, Renzhi Liu, Zhijiao Zhang, Hanwen Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, Zhifeng Yang, Sakari Kuikka. Copula-based exposure risk dynamic simulation of dual heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 277 ():111481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Liu; Renzhi Liu; Zhijiao Zhang; Hanwen Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Zhifeng Yang; Sakari Kuikka. 2020. "Copula-based exposure risk dynamic simulation of dual heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale." Journal of Environmental Management 277, no. : 111481.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Miyun Reservoir plays a fundamental role in providing drinking water for Beijing Municipality. In this study, agricultural nitrogen (N) flow was analysed for water pollution mitigation in Miyun Reservoir watershed. A partial substance flow analysis (SFA) method was applied to evaluate the historic changes in N flow from 2001 to 2017. Based on this method, N flow, N losses, N accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) over 17 years were identified and quantified. The results showed that N input, N output, and N stock gradually decreased in this period. The decline of N input mostly resulted from the considerable decrease in chemical fertilizer use and livestock excrement application. With decreasing N input, the N stock also decreased over these years. The N losses generally decreased, except for 2009–2012, as a result of the substantial increase in harvested grains which generated even more straw for feeding or burning. In addition, the average NUE was as low as approximately 15% which may due to the huge straw storage and N losses. It is indicated that there was a great potential to decrease N input especially chemical fertilizer for mitigation of water pollution through analysis. Therefore, combined technology innovation with policy impact was proposed in Miyun County. Reducing chemical fertilizer, improving waste cycling, reducing ammonia volatilization, preventing erosion and runoff and improving peasant awareness of environmental protection were proposed as recommendations. The historic analysis of N flow could be helpful to understand the challenges of N pollution. The integrated policy and technology measures will be effective to achieve water quality control. Both will provide a reference for other countries or regions with the similar issues.

ACS Style

Ronghua Xu; Yanpeng Cai; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li; Qiang Liu; Zhifeng Yang. Agricultural nitrogen flow in a reservoir watershed and its implications for water pollution mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 267, 122034 .

AMA Style

Ronghua Xu, Yanpeng Cai, Xuan Wang, Chunhui Li, Qiang Liu, Zhifeng Yang. Agricultural nitrogen flow in a reservoir watershed and its implications for water pollution mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 267 ():122034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronghua Xu; Yanpeng Cai; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li; Qiang Liu; Zhifeng Yang. 2020. "Agricultural nitrogen flow in a reservoir watershed and its implications for water pollution mitigation." Journal of Cleaner Production 267, no. : 122034.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Semi-distributed model of SWAT based on physical-chemical spatial information has been an effective tool for simulating hydrological cycle in the basin whereas it can’t completely restore all natural processes. Therefore, uncertainty analysis is needed to be conducted in order to achieve the reliability of the model. Yalong River Basin (YLRB), which is listed as the top ten hydropower bases in China, contains abundant water resources with plentiful runoff. Here a case study in YLRB was conducted to explore the parameter uncertainties of the SWAT model to runoff simulations based on multiple optimization algorithms. The following results were obtained: 1) setting the same objective function of Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, three optimization methods including Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI-2), Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) all performed satisfactory fitting results and produced similar parameter ranges in YLRB, while SUFI-2 achieved better uncertainty analysis, followed by PSO and the last GLUE; 2) five general sensitive parameters to model output were ALPHA_BF, CH_K2, SOL_K(1), GW_REVAP and ESCO based on above three algorithms; 3) from the contribution network analysis in economics, the positive correlation between ALPHA_BF and CH_K2 exhibited the highest weight among all parameter relationships; and 4) the much lower sensitivity of parameter CN2 to streamflow in YLRB revealed that most commonly modified parameter CN2 was less applicable to land with adequate surface water than dry land. This work will be conducive to further hydrological analysis based on a reliable fitting model for this hydropower watershed. Additionally, this work will provide references and insights for sensitive parameter modification and prediction uncertainty reduction of streamflow simulation furthermore contributing to an optimal water resource management.

ACS Style

Yanan Liang; Yanpeng Cai. Parameter uncertainty analysis for streamflow prediction in a cascade hydropower basin of southwest China. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Yanan Liang, Yanpeng Cai. Parameter uncertainty analysis for streamflow prediction in a cascade hydropower basin of southwest China. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Liang; Yanpeng Cai. 2020. "Parameter uncertainty analysis for streamflow prediction in a cascade hydropower basin of southwest China." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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With the cascade hydropower stations (CHSs) development and climate change in a large dam-reservoir-river (DRR) system, distinguishing the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics is vital for a sustainable watershed ecosystem management. In this study, a Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST) algorithm was adopted to detect the breakpoints (BP) and trend change of climatic factors (CFs) and vegetation dynamics at the pixel scale in the DRR system. The partial correlation and time lag analysis methods were chosen to examine the relationship between vegetation dynamics and CFs (i.e., temperature and precipitation). The multiple linear regression analysis method was adopted to separate the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics in multiple periods (i.e., from 1999 to 2013, before BP (BBP), and after BP (ABP)). The most significant results indicated that the area fraction of the BP of vegetation dynamics was 19% of the basin, and the trend BP mainly occurred in 2008. The trend of BP mainly was positive BBP and negative ABP in the basin, and its area fraction was 53.01%. For the eight CHSs, the vegetation dynamics around Ludila and Guanyinyan were more affected by their constructions than that around the other hydropower stations. For the CFs, the vegetation dynamics was mainly affected by precipitation. The lag periods of temperature and precipitation on vegetation dynamics were four months and one month, respectively. Most of the vegetation dynamics appeared to have been impacted by anthropogenic factors in the DRR system. For the eight CHSs, the impact degree of anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics BBP was more severe than that ABP, especially around Ludila and Guanyinyan hydropower stations. These results are beneficial for sustainable watershed ecosystem management in the DRR system and ecological development planning around the CHSs.

ACS Style

Pingping Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang; Qiang Fu. Contributions of climatic and anthropogenic drivers to vegetation dynamics indicated by NDVI in a large dam-reservoir-river system. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 256, 120477 .

AMA Style

Pingping Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, Wei Yang, Yujun Yi, Zhifeng Yang, Qiang Fu. Contributions of climatic and anthropogenic drivers to vegetation dynamics indicated by NDVI in a large dam-reservoir-river system. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 256 ():120477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pingping Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang; Qiang Fu. 2020. "Contributions of climatic and anthropogenic drivers to vegetation dynamics indicated by NDVI in a large dam-reservoir-river system." Journal of Cleaner Production 256, no. : 120477.

Research article
Published: 10 January 2020 in River Research and Applications
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Response of water and sediment generation to climate change and anthropogenic activities is becoming a hot topic in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin. In this research, coefficients of variation and concentration degree (i.e., Cv and Cd) and double mass curve (DDC) were adopted to examine the changes in water and sediment discharge and their relationships with precipitation. The contribution rates of climatic and anthropogenic factors to water and sediment discharge were assessed through comparisons between the measured and predicted values in the baseline and postbaseline periods in the basin. The main results were: (a) the water and sediment discharges of the basin showed a decreasing trend from 2006 to 2014, with peak points of Cv and Cd of sediment discharge of the basin in 2009 and 2010, respectively; (b) the precipitation had a major influence on water discharge variations, and the peak point of the DDC of the cumulative precipitation and sediment discharge was consistent with the cumulative water and sediment discharge; and (c) under annual and flooding season scales, the contribution rates of anthropogenic factors to water discharge were 63.060% and 70.457%, respectively. The contribution rates of anthropogenic factors on sediment discharge were 84.790% and 85.541%, respectively. The impacts of anthropogenic factors on water and sediment discharge were more significant than the impacts of precipitation, in which the construction and operation of cascade hydropower stations (CHS) were believed to play a crucial role.

ACS Style

Pingping Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang. Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment generation in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin. River Research and Applications 2020, 36, 338 -350.

AMA Style

Pingping Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, Wei Yang, Yujun Yi, Zhifeng Yang. Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment generation in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin. River Research and Applications. 2020; 36 (3):338-350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pingping Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang. 2020. "Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment generation in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin." River Research and Applications 36, no. 3: 338-350.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Energies
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The energy planning process essentially requires addressing diverse planning objectives, including prioritizing resources, and the estimation of environmental emissions and associated health risks. This study investigates the impacts of atmospheric pollution for Pakistan from the energy production processes under various modalities. A national-scale bottom-up energy optimization model (Pak-TIMES) with the ANSWER-TIMES framework is developed to assess the electricity generation pathways (2015–2035) and estimate GHG emissions and major air pollutants, i.e., CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NOX, PM1, PM10, PM2.5, PMBC, PMOC, PMTSP, SO2, and VOC under five scenarios. These scenarios are: BAU (business-as-usual), RE-30 (30% renewables), RE-40 (40% renewables), Coal-30 (30% coal), and Coal-40 (40% coal). It is revealed that to reach the electricity demand of 3091 PJ in 2035, both the Coal-30 and Coal-40 scenarios shall cause maximum emissions of GHGs, i.e., 260.13 and 338.92 Mt (million tons) alongside 40.52 and 54.03 Mt emissions of PMTSP in both of the scenarios, respectively. BAU scenario emissions are estimated to be 181.5 Mt (GHGs) and 24.30 Mt (PMTSP). Minimum emissions are estimated in the RE-40 scenario with 96.01 Mt of GHGs and 11.80 Mt of PMTSP, followed by the RE-30 scenario (143.20 GHGs and 17.73 Mt PMTSP). It is, therefore, concluded that coal-based electricity generation technologies would be a major source of emission and would contribute the highest amount of air pollution. This situation necessitates harnessing renewables in the future, which will significantly mitigate public health risks from atmospheric pollution.

ACS Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman; Yanpeng Cai; Zafar Ali Siyal; Nayyar Hussain Mirjat; Rizwan Fazal; Saif Ur Rehman Kashif. Cleaner and Sustainable Energy Production in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt from the Pak-TIMES Model. Energies 2019, 13, 108 .

AMA Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman, Yanpeng Cai, Zafar Ali Siyal, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Rizwan Fazal, Saif Ur Rehman Kashif. Cleaner and Sustainable Energy Production in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt from the Pak-TIMES Model. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman; Yanpeng Cai; Zafar Ali Siyal; Nayyar Hussain Mirjat; Rizwan Fazal; Saif Ur Rehman Kashif. 2019. "Cleaner and Sustainable Energy Production in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt from the Pak-TIMES Model." Energies 13, no. 1: 108.

Journal article
Published: 20 June 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Mine tailings ponds that contain heavy metals are sources of potential risk to human security and ecosystem health. China particularly faces challenge of accidental water pollution risk from more than 8869 mine tailings ponds in serve by 2015, some of which are close to residential areas and other important infrastructures within 1 km downstream. To address watershed-scale risk assessment of accidental water pollution from mine tailings ponds, a Bayesian Network-based Risk Dynamic Simulation (BN-RDS) model was proposed to simulate “sources/stressors-receptors-endpoints” risk routes. An accidental water pollution convection-diffusion simulation was coupled to Bayesian Networks to perform the risk dynamic simulation and risk evolution quantification at watershed-scale. This method was applied to the risk assessment of 23 tailings dams in 12 sub-watersheds covering the Guanting Reservoir basin (the major backup drinking water source for Beijing) in Zhangjiakou City, China. The result indicated that ecosystem health and property security were the endpoints at the highest risk in the overall watershed. Spatially, the combined risk distribution map showed the risk was higher in the downstream of the Guanting Reservoir Watershed and in its two tributary basins (the Qingshui River and the Longyang River). This research highlighted a probabilistic approach to accidental water pollution risk assessment of tailings ponds with verifiable and tangible results for risk managers and stakeholders.

ACS Style

Jing Liu; Renzhi Liu; Zhijiao Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Lixiao Zhang. A Bayesian Network-based risk dynamic simulation model for accidental water pollution discharge of mine tailings ponds at watershed-scale. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 246, 821 -831.

AMA Style

Jing Liu, Renzhi Liu, Zhijiao Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, Lixiao Zhang. A Bayesian Network-based risk dynamic simulation model for accidental water pollution discharge of mine tailings ponds at watershed-scale. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 246 ():821-831.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Liu; Renzhi Liu; Zhijiao Zhang; Yanpeng Cai; Lixiao Zhang. 2019. "A Bayesian Network-based risk dynamic simulation model for accidental water pollution discharge of mine tailings ponds at watershed-scale." Journal of Environmental Management 246, no. : 821-831.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2019 in Sustainability
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Soil respiration (Rs) in high-altitude areas are normally sensitive to varying climatic conditions. The objective of this research was mainly to explore temporal variations in Rs rates and the corresponding controlling factors for the establishment of appropriate fitting models in a sub-alpine meadow of north China. The data was obtained through field measuring and extraction of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in the geographical unit of the study site over the period of 2007 to 2015. The main results were as follows: (1) seasonal variations in Rs rates, soil temperature (Ts), land surface temperature (LST), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) all produced symmetrical bell type patterns, while soil moisture (Ms) showed a fluctuating pattern, (2) a Ts-exponential model could greatly capture seasonal variations of Rs rates in the study site, reflecting the role of temperature as a dominant driving factor in determining Rs temporal variations in alpine meadow areas, (3) there was no significant difference between the performing indicators evaluating the proposed Ts-exponential model and the LST-exponential model. This indicated great potential for applying remote sensing products to estimate seasonal Rs rates and 4) seasonal variations in Rs rates towards temperature sensitivity (Q10) showed a concave curve and dramatically decreased as the temperature increased from −1 to 11 °C. Overall, the results indicated that attention to significant effects of climatic conditions on Rs, particularly in areas of low temperature, should be warranted. Also, applicability of remote sensing products for estimating Rs was reflected and demonstrated.

ACS Style

Yanan Liang; Yanpeng Cai; Junxia Yan; Hongjian Li. Estimation of Soil Respiration by Its Driving Factors Based on Multi-Source Data in a Sub-Alpine Meadow in North China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3274 .

AMA Style

Yanan Liang, Yanpeng Cai, Junxia Yan, Hongjian Li. Estimation of Soil Respiration by Its Driving Factors Based on Multi-Source Data in a Sub-Alpine Meadow in North China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Liang; Yanpeng Cai; Junxia Yan; Hongjian Li. 2019. "Estimation of Soil Respiration by Its Driving Factors Based on Multi-Source Data in a Sub-Alpine Meadow in North China." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3274.

Article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Climatic Change
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Climatic variation within a typical dry-valley area located in the southern Hengduan Mountains of China is studied, and the potential regional climate influences of large reservoirs in the area are discussed. Six meteorological stations near a reservoir are identified and classified into two categories (dry and non-dry valleys) to compare their level of climate change. Temperatures tended to increase since 1990 with a precipitation shift toward the dry season in both dry and non-dry valleys. Wavelet analysis shows that temperature and precipitation have significant variation with periods of 3.6 and 16.5 years, respectively. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) shows that dry valleys have multiple drought trends. Temperature in non-dry valleys changed more than that in dry valleys, but the variations of other indices in the two categories of valleys are not statistically different. The climatic variation of one station is in accordance with the reservoir filling, which is related to the orientation of the reservoir in the prevailing wind direction especially during summer. This study provides a profile of the climate change of dry valleys and documents the influence of large artificial reservoirs on regional climate.

ACS Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang. Climatic variations within the dry valleys in southwestern China and the influences of artificial reservoirs. Climatic Change 2019, 155, 111 -125.

AMA Style

Lian Sun, Yanpeng Cai, Wei Yang, Yujun Yi, Zhifeng Yang. Climatic variations within the dry valleys in southwestern China and the influences of artificial reservoirs. Climatic Change. 2019; 155 (1):111-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Wei Yang; Yujun Yi; Zhifeng Yang. 2019. "Climatic variations within the dry valleys in southwestern China and the influences of artificial reservoirs." Climatic Change 155, no. 1: 111-125.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2019 in Sustainability
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This study researched the individual and combined impacts of future LULC and climate changes on water balance in the upper reaches of the Beiluo River basin on the Loess Plateau of China, using the scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5 of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate data indicated that both precipitation and temperature increased at seasonal and annual scales from 2020 to 2050 under RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The future land use changes were predicted through the CA-Markov model. The land use predictions of 2025, 2035, and 2045 indicated rising forest areas with decreased agricultural land and grassland. In this study, three scenarios including only LULC change, only climate change, and combined climate and LULC change were established. The SWAT model was calibrated, validated, and used to simulate the water balance under the three scenarios. The results showed that increased rainfall and temperature may lead to increased runoff, water yield, and ET in spring, summer, and autumn and to decreased runoff, water yield, and ET in winter from 2020 to 2050. However, LULC change, compared with climate change, may have a smaller impact on the water balance. On an annual scale, runoff and water yield may gradually decrease, but ET may increase. The combined effects of both LULC and climate changes on water balance in the future were similar to the variation trend of climate changes alone at both annual and seasonal scales. The results obtained in this study provide further insight into the availability of future streamflow and can aid in water resource management planning in the study area.

ACS Style

Rui Yan; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu. Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1443 .

AMA Style

Rui Yan, Yanpeng Cai, Chunhui Li, Xuan Wang, Qiang Liu. Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Yan; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu. 2019. "Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1443.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2019 in Journal of Hydrology
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In this research, a hybrid game theory and mathematical programming model (HGT-MPM) is proposed for solving trans-boundary water conflicts in Guanting reservoir basin (GRB) between two cities (i.e., Zhangjiakou and Beijing) in north China. A water allocation model, which considers both water quality and quantity, is developed for optimizing water use and pollutant discharge in the two cities, maximizing the net aggregate benefits from these activities and reducing the costs for water supply and pollution removal. The initial rights of water use and pollutant discharge are allocated to the cities of Beijing and Zhangjiakou, as two players based on the incorporation of a negotiation method for ill-defined water rights within the watershed. At this stage, equal treatment of every player’s benefit claim can be addressed. The strategy spaces of the two players are delineated through solving the proposed HGT-MPM with mutual benefit claim constraints. The Rubinstein bargaining solution method is employed to identify the equilibrium of bargaining. To achieve maximal benefits for the two players, starting from allocating the results of the second step, the concepts of Core and Nash solutions of cooperative games are used to generate stable basin-wide cooperative solutions. Both players find it beneficial to cooperate with side payment from the downstream to upstream. At this stage, the principle of maximum economic benefits is mainly considered. The results indicate that unclear initial water rights and pollutant discharge rights can be fairly defined through bilateral negotiations between upstream and downstream. Without side payment, the initial water rights and pollutant discharge allocation will be the final outcome, which is suboptimal, although it is better than the status quo in term of both total and individual benefits. Full cooperation with side payment leads to the greatest total net benefits and the greatest benefits to each individual city. The results not only provide a basis to allocate trans-jurisdictional water rights and pollutant discharge rights in an equal and efficient way but also provide certain inspirations for management policy improvement, such as establishing a water right trading system.

ACS Style

Yong Zeng; Jiangbin Li; Yanpeng Cai; Qian Tan; Chao Dai. A hybrid game theory and mathematical programming model for solving trans-boundary water conflicts. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 570, 666 -681.

AMA Style

Yong Zeng, Jiangbin Li, Yanpeng Cai, Qian Tan, Chao Dai. A hybrid game theory and mathematical programming model for solving trans-boundary water conflicts. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 570 ():666-681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Zeng; Jiangbin Li; Yanpeng Cai; Qian Tan; Chao Dai. 2019. "A hybrid game theory and mathematical programming model for solving trans-boundary water conflicts." Journal of Hydrology 570, no. : 666-681.

Review
Published: 04 January 2019 in Sustainability
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In recent decades, rapid urbanization has resulted in a growing urban population, transformed into regions of exceptional socio-economic value. By removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface and saturating soil air content, urban developments are more likely to be flooded, which will be further exacerbated by an anticipated increase in the number of intense rainfall events, due to climate change. To date, data collected show that urban pluvial flood events are on the rise for both the UK and China. This paper presents a critical review of existing sustainable approaches to urban flood management, by comparing UK practice with that in China and critically assessing whether lessons can be learnt from the Sponge City initiative. The authors have identified a strategic research plan to ensure that the sponge city initiative can successfully respond to extreme climatic events and tackle pluvial flooding. Hence, this review suggests that future research should focus on (1) the development of a more localized rainfall model for the Chinese climate; (2) the role of retrofit SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems) in challenging water environments; (3) the development of a robust SuDS selection tool, ensuring that the most effective devices are installed, based on local factors; and (4) dissemination of current information, and increased understanding of maintenance and whole life-costing, alongside monitoring the success of sponge cities to increase the confidence of decision makers (5) the community engagement and education about sponge cities.

ACS Style

Craig Lashford; Matteo Rubinato; Yanpeng Cai; Jingming Hou; Soroush Abolfathi; Stephen Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Simon Tait. SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 213 .

AMA Style

Craig Lashford, Matteo Rubinato, Yanpeng Cai, Jingming Hou, Soroush Abolfathi, Stephen Coupe, Susanne Charlesworth, Simon Tait. SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Craig Lashford; Matteo Rubinato; Yanpeng Cai; Jingming Hou; Soroush Abolfathi; Stephen Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Simon Tait. 2019. "SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 213.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in Sustainability
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The sparse and fragile vegetation in the arid-hot valley is an important indicator of ecosystem health. Understanding the correlation between this vegetation and its environment is vital to the plant restoration. We investigated the differences of soil moisture and fertility in typical vegetation (Dodonaea viscosa and Pinus yunnanensis) under a range of elevations, slopes, and aspects in an arid-hot valley of China’s Jinsha River through field monitoring and multivariate statistical analysis. The soil moisture differed significantly between the dry and rainy seasons, and it was higher at high elevation (>1640 m) and on shade slopes at the end of the dry season. Soil fertility showed little or no variation among the elevations, but was highest at 1380 m. Dodonaea viscosa biomass increased, then decreased, with increasing elevation on the shade slopes, but decreased with increasing elevation on the sunny slopes. On the shade slopes, Pinus yunnanensis biomass was higher at low elevations (1640 m) than it was on sunny slopes, but lower at high elevation (1940 m) on the sunny slopes. We found both elevation and soil moisture were significantly positively correlated with P. yunnanensis biomass and negatively correlated with D. viscosa biomass. Thus, changes in soil moisture as a function of elevation control vegetation restoration in the arid-hot valley. Both species are adaptable indigenous plants with good social and ecological benefits, so these results will allow managers to restore the vegetation more effectively.

ACS Style

Jun Pei; Wei Yang; Yangpeng Cai; Yujun Yi; Xiaoxiao Li. Relationship between Vegetation and Environment in an Arid-Hot Valley in Southwestern China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4774 .

AMA Style

Jun Pei, Wei Yang, Yangpeng Cai, Yujun Yi, Xiaoxiao Li. Relationship between Vegetation and Environment in an Arid-Hot Valley in Southwestern China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun Pei; Wei Yang; Yangpeng Cai; Yujun Yi; Xiaoxiao Li. 2018. "Relationship between Vegetation and Environment in an Arid-Hot Valley in Southwestern China." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4774.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2018 in Journal of Water and Climate Change
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It is essential to assess streamflow response to climate and land-use change in catchment basins that serve cities and their surrounding areas. This study used the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) to simulate streamflow under different climate and land-use change scenarios in the Dashi River catchment, China. The most sensitive soil parameters were maximum infiltration, porosity, field capacity, and wilting point, while the most sensitive vegetation parameters were leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation height. The suitability of the DHSVM model was aligned with Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients (NSE) greater than 0.41 and 0.84 at daily and monthly scales, respectively. Streamflow increased/decreased with increasing/decreasing precipitation, while it decreased with increasing air temperature. Furthermore, streamflow decreased with the increase in forestland due to higher water consumption, especially during summer. Results from this study could help us to better understand streamflow response to changes in climate and land use.

ACS Style

Qiang Liu; Liqiao Liang; Yanpeng Cai; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li. Assessing climate and land-use change impacts on streamflow in a mountainous catchment. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2018, 11, 503 -513.

AMA Style

Qiang Liu, Liqiao Liang, Yanpeng Cai, Xuan Wang, Chunhui Li. Assessing climate and land-use change impacts on streamflow in a mountainous catchment. Journal of Water and Climate Change. 2018; 11 (2):503-513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiang Liu; Liqiao Liang; Yanpeng Cai; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li. 2018. "Assessing climate and land-use change impacts on streamflow in a mountainous catchment." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 2: 503-513.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2018 in Sustainability
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Understanding changes in habitat quality and the driving forces of these changes at landscape scales is a critical part of effective ecosystem management. The present study investigated spatiotemporal habitat quality dynamics and related driving forces from 2005 to 2015 in the upper basin of Miyun Reservoir in North China by constructing an effective framework integrated InVEST and binary logistic regression models. This framework expanded the driving force analysis into an assessment of changes in habitat quality and intuitively verified the effectiveness of relevant environmental policies. The proposed method of combining the equidistant random sampling method and the method of introducing spatial lag variables in logistic regression equation can effectively solve spatial autocorrelation with a large enough number of sampling points. Overall, habitat quality improved during the study period. Spatially, a concentrated loss of habitat occurred in the southeastern part of the basin between the reservoir and mountainous areas, while other areas gradually recovered. Driving force analysis showed that lower elevation mountain land, gentle slopes, locations near rural land or roads, larger areas of grain cultivation, and areas with little population change had a higher likelihood of having changed in habitat quality in the upper basin of Miyun Reservoir. These results suggested that the present policy of protecting the ecosystem had a positive effect on improving habitat quality. In the future, the human activity management related to habitat quality needs to be strengthened. The present study would provide a reference for land use policy formulation and biodiversity conservation.

ACS Style

Shengjun Yan; Xuan Wang; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Rui Yan; Guannan Cui; Zhifeng Yang. An Integrated Investigation of Spatiotemporal Habitat Quality Dynamics and Driving Forces in the Upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir, North China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4625 .

AMA Style

Shengjun Yan, Xuan Wang, Yanpeng Cai, Chunhui Li, Rui Yan, Guannan Cui, Zhifeng Yang. An Integrated Investigation of Spatiotemporal Habitat Quality Dynamics and Driving Forces in the Upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir, North China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengjun Yan; Xuan Wang; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Rui Yan; Guannan Cui; Zhifeng Yang. 2018. "An Integrated Investigation of Spatiotemporal Habitat Quality Dynamics and Driving Forces in the Upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir, North China." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4625.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2018 in Energy Policy
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Pakistan, alongside other developing countries, is struggling to understand, plan and realize the energy-environment-economic nexus. In this study, we develop a national-scale bottom-up energy optimization model (Pak-TIMES) employing ANSWER-TIMES modeling framework which provides insight into this nexus for Pakistan. The reference energy system of Pak-TIMES model provides energy demand, supply, cost of energy and GHGs emissions. In total, five supply side scenarios enacted in this study are BAU (Business As Usual), RE-30 (30% renewables), RE-40 (40% renewables), Coal-30 (30% Coal) and Coal-40 (40% Coal) for the period 2015–2035. The results suggest that the cumulative investment cost incurred will be 170 billion USD to meet the electricity demand (3091 PJ) by 2035 with 181.5 million tons of GHGs emission in the BAU scenario. The most environmentally ambitious pathway, the RE-40 scenario will require 179.2 billion USD for investment with 96.0 million tons of GHGs emission. The Coal-40 scenario will cause the highest amount of GHGs emissions, i.e., 338.9 million tons with an estimated investment cost of 184.8 billion USD. Based on the results of this study, PAK-TIMES model, it is recommended that government needs to invest in renewables; given that, the environmental cost of non-renewable energy solutions is significantly higher.

ACS Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman; Yanpeng Cai; Nayyar Hussain Mirjat; Gordhan Das Walasai; Mohammad Nafees. Energy-environment-economy nexus in Pakistan: Lessons from a PAK-TIMES model. Energy Policy 2018, 126, 200 -211.

AMA Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman, Yanpeng Cai, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Gordhan Das Walasai, Mohammad Nafees. Energy-environment-economy nexus in Pakistan: Lessons from a PAK-TIMES model. Energy Policy. 2018; 126 ():200-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Aziz Ur Rehman; Yanpeng Cai; Nayyar Hussain Mirjat; Gordhan Das Walasai; Mohammad Nafees. 2018. "Energy-environment-economy nexus in Pakistan: Lessons from a PAK-TIMES model." Energy Policy 126, no. : 200-211.

Review article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Within specific cities or regions, water and energy are intimately and highly interwoven, forming water-energy nexus (WEN) systems. Such a nexus system is complicated, leading to the generation of coupled risks of water and energy resources. In this research, an integrated approach of systems dynamics, orthogonal design and copula analysis (IA-SOC) was developed for supporting risk analysis of WEN systems. Innovations of this approach includes: 1) the development of a method through coupling system dynamics and orthogonal design, and 2) the combination of Copula analysis for supporting interactive risk assessment of both water and energy resources. The proposed approach was applied in Jing-Jin-Ji (J-J-J) region to deal with risk analysis of WEN and promote coordinated development. The results showed that: 1) the established system dynamics models can be employed to predict the water and energy demands; 2) the orthogonal table L27(313) can be adopted to obtain the representative scenario combinations, which could be introduced into system dynamic models to obtain the water and energy demands over the planning period; 3) it was appropriate to employ Lognormal distribution to establish the marginal distribution function of water and energy resources, meanwhile the Bivariate Frank Copula function was adopted to construct the joint distribution function of WEN to quantify the inherent relationship between water and energy resources; 4) the demands for water and energy resources in J-J-J region over the planning period were [252.06, 290.7] billion m3 and [433.67, 477.02] million tons of standard coal equivalent (S.C.E.), respectively. Correspondingly, the shortage risks of water and energy resources were [0.938, 0.981] and [0.835, 0.936]; and 5) different scenario combinations were set to identify the controlled amount of water and energy demands. The results could provide reasonable policy recommendations on the risk analysis of water and energy resources to promote regional coordinated development.

ACS Style

Yanpeng Cai; Jianying Cai; Linyu Xu; Qian Tan; Qiao Xu. Integrated risk analysis of water-energy nexus systems based on systems dynamics, orthogonal design and copula analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 99, 125 -137.

AMA Style

Yanpeng Cai, Jianying Cai, Linyu Xu, Qian Tan, Qiao Xu. Integrated risk analysis of water-energy nexus systems based on systems dynamics, orthogonal design and copula analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 99 ():125-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanpeng Cai; Jianying Cai; Linyu Xu; Qian Tan; Qiao Xu. 2018. "Integrated risk analysis of water-energy nexus systems based on systems dynamics, orthogonal design and copula analysis." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 99, no. : 125-137.

Review
Published: 18 September 2018 in Sustainability
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The construction materials utilized in the building sector have accounted for a large amount of natural resource and energy consumption. Green building, which has developed over three decades, can be regarded as a management and technical approach for building and construction sectors to achieve resource and energy sustainability in building sectors. Therefore, the development and deployment of green construction materials play an important role in the green building field due to the contribution of sustainable resources and energy. To realize the barriers of energy and resources utilization on green building, the development trend, application, and some case studies on wall materials and thermal insulation materials are described. A summary of plant fibers, recycled wastes, and photochromic glass is developed to show applications of green construction materials, which contributes to sustainable development. The challenges and barriers from business, technical, and policy aspects are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives and prospects of green construction material life-cycle framework are illustrated. This paper presents a snapshot review of the importance of wall materials and thermal insulation materials from the point of view of energy and resources consumption.

ACS Style

Hao Wang; Pen-Chi Chiang; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Tse-Lun Chen; Shiming Wei; Qian Huang. Application of Wall and Insulation Materials on Green Building: A Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3331 .

AMA Style

Hao Wang, Pen-Chi Chiang, Yanpeng Cai, Chunhui Li, Xuan Wang, Tse-Lun Chen, Shiming Wei, Qian Huang. Application of Wall and Insulation Materials on Green Building: A Review. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Wang; Pen-Chi Chiang; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Tse-Lun Chen; Shiming Wei; Qian Huang. 2018. "Application of Wall and Insulation Materials on Green Building: A Review." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3331.