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Matteo Rubinato
School of Energy, Construction and Environment & Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience Coventry University Coventry UK

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Research article
Published: 15 May 2021 in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids
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In this paper, an improved meshfree scheme based on radial basis functions (RBFs) is provided for solving the incompressible viscous Navier–Stokes equations and two enhancements are proposed to mitigate the typical numerical oscillations. The first one is the combination of the RBFs-based finite difference (RBF-FD) method with the semi-Lagrangian RBFs (SLM-RBF), with the former being used for the viscous diffusion term and pressure Poisson equation and the latter being used for the advection term. The second enhancement is a regularization term that constructs smooth constraints for RBFs interpolations instead of clipping operations. The capability of the proposed scheme in mitigating numerical fluctuations is demonstrated by validating it against the one-dimensional (1-D) advection problem and the advection–diffusion problem with step field functions. The overall performance of the proposed scheme is also validated by the lid-driven cavity flow and laminar flow around a circular cylinder, showing good agreement with the existing results, indicating that the proposed scheme has good stability in both temporal and spatial domains.

ACS Style

Yulin Xie; Xizeng Zhao; Matteo Rubinato; Yuemin Yu. An improved meshfree scheme based on radial basis functions for solving incompressible Navier –S tokes equations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2021, 93, 2842 -2862.

AMA Style

Yulin Xie, Xizeng Zhao, Matteo Rubinato, Yuemin Yu. An improved meshfree scheme based on radial basis functions for solving incompressible Navier –S tokes equations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids. 2021; 93 (9):2842-2862.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yulin Xie; Xizeng Zhao; Matteo Rubinato; Yuemin Yu. 2021. "An improved meshfree scheme based on radial basis functions for solving incompressible Navier –S tokes equations." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 93, no. 9: 2842-2862.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Artificial reefs are considered to have the function of repairing and improving the coastal habitat and increasing the fishery production, which are mainly achieved by changing the regional hydrodynamic conditions. The characteristics of flow turbulence structure are an important part of the regional hydrodynamic characteristics. Different methods are used to evaluate the performance of artificial reefs according to their shape and the purpose for which the reef was built. For this study, the M-shaped unit reefs, which are to be put into the area of Liaodong Bay, were selected as the research object and have never been fully investigated before. Experimental tests were conducted to assess the effect of these M-shaped artificial reefs on the vertical and longitudinal turbulent intensity under different hydraulic conditions and geometries, and datasets were collected by using the Particle Image Velocimetry technique implemented within the experimental facility. The distribution and variation characteristics of the turbulence intensity were analyzed, and the main results obtained can confirm that in the artificial reef area, there was an extremely clear turbulent boundary. Furthermore, the area of influence of the longitudinal turbulence was identified to be larger than that of the vertical turbulence, and the position where the maximum turbulence intensity appeared was close to where the maximum velocity was measured. Finally, results demonstrate that low turbulence conditions are typically located in front of the unit reef, the general turbulence area is located within the upwelling zone, and the more intense turbulence area is located between the two M-shaped monocases. These results are extremely important, because they provide the local authorities with specific knowledge about what could be the effect of these M-shaped reefs within the area where they will be implemented, and therefore, specific actions can be taken in consideration with the geometrical setup suggested as an optimal solution within this study.

ACS Style

Anping Shu; Jiping Qin; Matteo Rubinato; Tao Sun; Mengyao Wang; Shu Wang; Le Wang; Jiapin Zhu; Fuyang Zhu. An Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Features Induced by Typical Artificial M-Shaped Unit Reefs. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1393 .

AMA Style

Anping Shu, Jiping Qin, Matteo Rubinato, Tao Sun, Mengyao Wang, Shu Wang, Le Wang, Jiapin Zhu, Fuyang Zhu. An Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Features Induced by Typical Artificial M-Shaped Unit Reefs. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anping Shu; Jiping Qin; Matteo Rubinato; Tao Sun; Mengyao Wang; Shu Wang; Le Wang; Jiapin Zhu; Fuyang Zhu. 2021. "An Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Features Induced by Typical Artificial M-Shaped Unit Reefs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1393.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Water
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Surcharging urban drainage systems are a potential source of pathogenic contamination of floodwater. While a number of previous studies have investigated net sewer to surface hydraulic flow rates through manholes and gullies during flood events, an understanding of how pollutants move from sewer networks to surface flood water is currently lacking. This paper presents a 3D CFD model to quantify flow and solute mass exchange through hydraulic structures featuring complex interacting pipe and surface flows commonly associated with urban flood events. The model is compared against experimental datasets from a large-scale physical model designed to study pipe/surface interactions during flood simulations. Results show that the CFD model accurately describes pipe to surface flow partition and solute transport processes through the manhole in the experimental setup. After validation, the model is used to elucidate key timescales which describe mass flow rates entering surface flows from pipe networks. Numerical experiments show that following arrival of a well-mixed solute at the exchange structure, solute mass exchange to the surface grows asymptotically to a value equivalent to the ratio of flow partition, with associated timescales a function of the flow conditions and diffusive transport inside the manhole.

ACS Style

Nazmul Azim Beg; Matteo Rubinato; Rita F. Carvalho; James D. Shucksmith. CFD Modelling of the Transport of Soluble Pollutants from Sewer Networks to Surface Flows during Urban Flood Events. Water 2020, 12, 2514 .

AMA Style

Nazmul Azim Beg, Matteo Rubinato, Rita F. Carvalho, James D. Shucksmith. CFD Modelling of the Transport of Soluble Pollutants from Sewer Networks to Surface Flows during Urban Flood Events. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nazmul Azim Beg; Matteo Rubinato; Rita F. Carvalho; James D. Shucksmith. 2020. "CFD Modelling of the Transport of Soluble Pollutants from Sewer Networks to Surface Flows during Urban Flood Events." Water 12, no. 9: 2514.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Water
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Rising sea levels are causing more frequent flooding events in coastal areas and generate many issues for coastal communities such as loss of property or damages to infrastructures. To address this issue, this paper reviews measures currently in place and identifies possible control measures that can be implemented to aid preservation of coastlines in the future. Breakwaters present a unique opportunity to proactively address the impact of coastal flooding. However, there is currently a lack of research into combined hard and soft engineering techniques. To address the global need for developing sustainable solutions, three specific breakwater configurations were designed and experimentally compared in the hydraulic laboratory at Coventry University to assess their performance in reducing overtopping and the impact of waves, quantifying the effectiveness of each. The investigation confirmed that stepped configurations work effectively in high amplitudes waves, especially with the presence of a slope angle to aid wave reflection. These results provide a very valuable preliminary investigation into novel sustainable solutions incorporating both artificial and natural based strategies that could be considered by local and national authorities for the planning of future mitigation strategies to defend coastal areas from flooding and erosion.

ACS Style

Matteo Rubinato; Jacob Heyworth; James Hart. Protecting Coastlines from Flooding in a Changing Climate: A Preliminary Experimental Study to Investigate a Sustainable Approach. Water 2020, 12, 2471 .

AMA Style

Matteo Rubinato, Jacob Heyworth, James Hart. Protecting Coastlines from Flooding in a Changing Climate: A Preliminary Experimental Study to Investigate a Sustainable Approach. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Rubinato; Jacob Heyworth; James Hart. 2020. "Protecting Coastlines from Flooding in a Changing Climate: A Preliminary Experimental Study to Investigate a Sustainable Approach." Water 12, no. 9: 2471.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in Water
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Beavers have influenced the world’s ecosystem for millions of years. Their dams create ponds and wetlands that provide a large range of hydraulic and ecological benefits to the natural world, including mitigation against flooding and improving water quality. As beavers are now being reintroduced to many parts of the world, it is important to fully understand the impact of their dams on the flow characteristics of the water-courses on which they are built. This paper investigates the relationship between the physical properties of a model beaver dam and its fundamental hydraulics and pollutant dispersion characteristics. The first objective of this paper was to develop a modelling framework to relate discharge to flow-depth for dams with a combination of porous and impermeable sections. The second objective was to utilize a similar framework to predict the down-stream concentration distribution of an up-stream pollution event passing through such systems. The ability to model these parameters for dams with variable lengths of porous and impermeable sections is important as the porosity of beaver dams can vary with depth, depending on which sections are constructed from branches, rocks, or compacted mud. The analysis and modelling developed in this paper show that a single, general relationship can be obtained between discharge and flow-depth regardless of the presence of sections that are both porous or impermeable, provided the relative depths of these sections are known and accounted for. It is also shown that the Nominal Residence Time and the Advection Dispersion Equation can be used to predict pollutant transport in such systems. These two equations have previously been shown to have limitations when applied to some complex systems, so demonstrating they can be applied to a porous dam with combinations of porous and impermeable sections at the relative discharges investigated is noteworthy.

ACS Style

James Hart; Matteo Rubinato; Tom Lavers. An Experimental Investigation of the Hydraulics and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics of a Model Beaver Dam. Water 2020, 12, 2320 .

AMA Style

James Hart, Matteo Rubinato, Tom Lavers. An Experimental Investigation of the Hydraulics and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics of a Model Beaver Dam. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James Hart; Matteo Rubinato; Tom Lavers. 2020. "An Experimental Investigation of the Hydraulics and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics of a Model Beaver Dam." Water 12, no. 9: 2320.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Forests
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The distribution of karst landscapes over the Earth’s surface, to a large extent, follows the distribution of carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and gypsum rocks and together these make up about 12% of the Earth’s land area, and the largest karst region in to world is in Southwestern China. Characterized by a unique set of landforms, these geographical areas also differ from other geomorphic regions by the presence of cave systems in the subsurface. Unfortunately, due to human disturbances, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, livestock overgrazing and fire, these regions have been affected by varying degrees of degradation, which could also be worsened if water and soil erosion phenomena typical of these areas are considered. Therefore, there is a need to implement measures and strategies to protect these karst areas and develop plans to restore vegetation in this region. To support local and national authorities to achieve this goal, this study aims to characterize nutrient deficiencies in degraded areas and estimate what could be the thresholds required to facilitate the restoration of vegetation in karst areas in southwest China. The results obtained confirm that the total element concentrations for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), N, K, Ca, P, S and Mg were relatively high in the study karst area in southwest China. However, the total amounts of soil nutrients stored were very low due to the limited amount of soil identified as a consequence of previous deforestation processes undertaken within this study area and this aspect needs to be taken into consideration if aiming at a positive success of future restoration processes.

ACS Style

Yuguo Liu; Changcheng Liu; Matteo Rubinato; Ke Guo; Jinxing Zhou; Ming Cui. An Assessment of Soil’s Nutrient Deficiencies and Their Influence on the Restoration of Degraded Karst Vegetation in Southwest China. Forests 2020, 11, 797 .

AMA Style

Yuguo Liu, Changcheng Liu, Matteo Rubinato, Ke Guo, Jinxing Zhou, Ming Cui. An Assessment of Soil’s Nutrient Deficiencies and Their Influence on the Restoration of Degraded Karst Vegetation in Southwest China. Forests. 2020; 11 (8):797.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuguo Liu; Changcheng Liu; Matteo Rubinato; Ke Guo; Jinxing Zhou; Ming Cui. 2020. "An Assessment of Soil’s Nutrient Deficiencies and Their Influence on the Restoration of Degraded Karst Vegetation in Southwest China." Forests 11, no. 8: 797.

Editorial
Published: 22 June 2020 in Water
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Fast urbanization and industrialization have progressively caused severe impacts on mountainous, river, and coastal environments, and have increased the risks for people living in these areas. Human activities have changed ecosystems hence it is important to determine ways to predict these consequences to enable the preservation and restoration of these key areas. Furthermore, extreme events attributed to climate change are becoming more frequent, aggravating the entire scenario and introducing ulterior uncertainties on the accurate and efficient management of these areas to protect the environment as well as the health and safety of people. In actual fact, climate change is altering rain patterns and causing extreme heat, as well as inducing other weather mutations. All these lead to more frequent natural disasters such as flood events, erosions, and the contamination and spreading of pollutants. Therefore, efforts need to be devoted to investigate the underlying causes, and to identify feasible mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce negative impacts on both the environment and citizens. To contribute towards this aim, the selected papers in this Special Issue covered a wide range of issues that are mainly relevant to: (i) the numerical and experimental characterization of complex flow conditions under specific circumstances induced by the natural hazards; (ii) the effect of climate change on the hydrological processes in mountainous, river, and coastal environments, (iii) the protection of ecosystems and the restoration of areas damaged by the effects of climate change and human activities.

ACS Style

Matteo Rubinato; Min Luo; Xing Zheng; Jaan H. Pu; Songdong Shao. Advances in Modelling and Prediction on the Impact of Human Activities and Extreme Events on Environments. Water 2020, 12, 1768 .

AMA Style

Matteo Rubinato, Min Luo, Xing Zheng, Jaan H. Pu, Songdong Shao. Advances in Modelling and Prediction on the Impact of Human Activities and Extreme Events on Environments. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Rubinato; Min Luo; Xing Zheng; Jaan H. Pu; Songdong Shao. 2020. "Advances in Modelling and Prediction on the Impact of Human Activities and Extreme Events on Environments." Water 12, no. 6: 1768.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Sensors
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Recent studies have sought to use Microsoft Kinect sensors to measure water surface shape in steady flows or transient flow processes. They have typically employed a white colourant, usually titanium dioxide (TiO2), in order to make the surface opaque and visible to the infrared-based sensors. However, the ability of Kinect Version 1 (KV1) and Kinect Version 2 (KV2) sensors to measure the deformation of ostensibly smooth reflective surfaces has never been compared, with most previous studies using a V1 sensor with no justification. Furthermore, the TiO2 has so far been used liberally and indeterminately, with no consideration as to the type of TiO2 to use, the optimal proportion to use or the effect it may have on the very fluid properties being measured. This paper examines the use of anatase TiO2 with two generations of the Microsoft Kinect sensor. Assessing their performance for an ideal flat surface, it is shown that surface data obtained using the V2 sensor is substantially more reliable. Further, the minimum quantity of colourant to enable reliable surface recognition is discovered (0.01% by mass). A stability test shows that the colourant has a strong tendency to settle over time, meaning the fluid must remain well mixed, having serious implications for studies with low Reynolds number or transient processes such as dam breaks. Furthermore, the effect of TiO2 concentration on fluid properties is examined. It is shown that previous studies using concentrations in excess of 1% may have significantly affected the viscosity and surface tension, and thus the surface behaviour being measured. It is therefore recommended that future studies employ the V2 sensor with an anatase TiO2 concentration of 0.01%, and that the effects of TiO2 on the fluid properties are properly quantified before any TiO2-Kinect-derived dataset can be of practical use, for example, in validation of numerical models or in physical models of hydrodynamic processes.

ACS Style

Andrew Nichols; Matteo Rubinato; Yun-Hang Cho; Jiayi Wu. Optimal Use of Titanium Dioxide Colourant to Enable Water Surfaces to Be Measured by Kinect Sensors. Sensors 2020, 20, 3507 .

AMA Style

Andrew Nichols, Matteo Rubinato, Yun-Hang Cho, Jiayi Wu. Optimal Use of Titanium Dioxide Colourant to Enable Water Surfaces to Be Measured by Kinect Sensors. Sensors. 2020; 20 (12):3507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Nichols; Matteo Rubinato; Yun-Hang Cho; Jiayi Wu. 2020. "Optimal Use of Titanium Dioxide Colourant to Enable Water Surfaces to Be Measured by Kinect Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 12: 3507.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2020 in Water
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Due to its Lagrangian nature, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been used to solve a variety of fluid-dynamic processes with highly nonlinear deformation such as debris flows, wave breaking and impact, multi-phase mixing processes, jet impact, flooding and tsunami inundation, and fluid–structure interactions. In this study, the SPH method is applied to solve the two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations (SWEs), and the solution proposed was validated against two open-source case studies of a 2-D dry-bed dam break with particle splitting and a 2-D dam break with a rectangular obstacle downstream. In addition to the improvement and optimization of the existing algorithm, the CPU-OpenMP parallel computing was also implemented, and it was proven that the CPU-OpenMP parallel computing enhanced the performance for solving the SPH-SWE model, after testing it against three large sets of particles involved in the computational process. The free surface and velocities of the experimental flows were simulated accurately by the numerical model proposed, showing the ability of the SPH model to predict the behavior of debris flows induced by dam-breaks. This validation of the model is crucial to confirm its use in predicting landslides’ behavior in field case studies so that it will be possible to reduce the damage that they cause. All the changes made in the SPH-SWEs method are made open-source in this paper so that more researchers can benefit from the results of this research and understand the characteristics and advantages of the solution proposed.

ACS Style

Yushuai Wu; Lirong Tian; Matteo Rubinato; Shenglong Gu; Teng Yu; Zhongliang Xu; Peng Cao; Xuhao Wang; Qinxia Zhao. A New Parallel Framework of SPH-SWE for Dam Break Simulation Based on OpenMP. Water 2020, 12, 1395 .

AMA Style

Yushuai Wu, Lirong Tian, Matteo Rubinato, Shenglong Gu, Teng Yu, Zhongliang Xu, Peng Cao, Xuhao Wang, Qinxia Zhao. A New Parallel Framework of SPH-SWE for Dam Break Simulation Based on OpenMP. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yushuai Wu; Lirong Tian; Matteo Rubinato; Shenglong Gu; Teng Yu; Zhongliang Xu; Peng Cao; Xuhao Wang; Qinxia Zhao. 2020. "A New Parallel Framework of SPH-SWE for Dam Break Simulation Based on OpenMP." Water 12, no. 5: 1395.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Dam-break flows may change into debris flows if certain conditions are satisfied, such as abundant loose material and steep slope. These debris flows are typically characterized by high density and can generate strong impact forces. Due to the complexity of the materials that they are made of, it has always been very challenging to numerically simulate these phenomena and accurately reproduce experimentally debris flows’ processes. Therefore, to fill this gap, the formation-movement processes of debris flows induced by dam-break were simulated numerically, modifying the existing smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. By comparing the shape and the velocity of dam break debris flows under different configurations, it was found that when simulating the initiation process, the number of particles in the upstream section is overestimated while the number of particles in the downstream area is underestimated. Furthermore, the formation process of dam-break debris flow was simulated by three models which consider different combinations of the viscous force, the drag force and the virtual mass force. The method taking into account all these three kinds of interface forces produced the most accurate outcome for the numerical simulation of the formation process of dam-break debris flow. Finally, it was found that under different interface force models, the particle velocity distribution did not change significantly. However, the direction of the particle force changed, which is due to the fact that the SPH model considers generalized virtual mass forces, better replicating real case scenarios. The modalities of dam failures have significant impacts on the formation and development of debris flows. Therefore, the results of this study will help authorities to select safe sites for future rehabilitation and relocation projects and can also be used as an important basis for debris flow risk management. Future research will be necessary to understand more complex scenarios to investigate mechanisms of domino dam-failures and their effects on debris flows propagation.

ACS Style

Anping Shu; Shu Wang; Matteo Rubinato; Mengyao Wang; Jiping Qin; Fuyang Zhu. Numerical Modeling of Debris Flows Induced by Dam-Break Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2954 .

AMA Style

Anping Shu, Shu Wang, Matteo Rubinato, Mengyao Wang, Jiping Qin, Fuyang Zhu. Numerical Modeling of Debris Flows Induced by Dam-Break Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anping Shu; Shu Wang; Matteo Rubinato; Mengyao Wang; Jiping Qin; Fuyang Zhu. 2020. "Numerical Modeling of Debris Flows Induced by Dam-Break Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2954.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in Water
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At the present time, one of the most relevant challenges in marine and ocean engineering and practice is the development of a mathematical modeling that can accurately replicate the interaction of water waves with porous coastal structures. Over the last 60 years, multiple techniques and solutions have been identified, from linearized solutions based on wave theories and constant friction coefficients to very sophisticated Eulerian or Lagrangian solvers of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. In order to explore the flow field interior and exterior of the porous media under different working conditions, the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow distribution inside and outside a porous media applied to interact with the wave propagation. The flow behavior is described avoiding Euler’s description of the interface problem between the Euler mesh and the material selected. Considering the velocity boundary conditions and the cyclical circulation boundary conditions at the junction of the porous media and the water flow, the SPH numerical simulation is used to analyze the flow field characteristics, as well as the longitudinal and vertical velocity distribution of the back vortex flow field and the law of eddy current motion. This study provides innovative insights on the mathematical modelling of the interaction between porous structures and flow propagation. Furthermore, there is a good agreement (within 10%) between the numerical results and the experimental ones collected for scenarios with porosity of 0.349 and 0.475, demonstrating that SPH can simulate the flow patterns of the porous media, the flow through the inner and outer areas of the porous media, and the flow field of the back vortex region. Results obtained and the new mathematical approach used can help to effectively simulate with high-precision the changes along the water depth, for a better design of marine and ocean engineering solutions adopted to protect coastal areas.

ACS Style

Shijie Wu; Matteo Rubinato; Qinqin Gui. SPH Simulation of Interior and Exterior Flow Field Characteristics of Porous Media. Water 2020, 12, 918 .

AMA Style

Shijie Wu, Matteo Rubinato, Qinqin Gui. SPH Simulation of Interior and Exterior Flow Field Characteristics of Porous Media. Water. 2020; 12 (3):918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shijie Wu; Matteo Rubinato; Qinqin Gui. 2020. "SPH Simulation of Interior and Exterior Flow Field Characteristics of Porous Media." Water 12, no. 3: 918.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2020 in Forests
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Vegetation plays a significant role in controlling soil erosion. However, the effects of each vegetation type on soil erosion have not been fully investigated. In order to explore the influence of multiple vegetation covers on soil erosion and surface runoff generation, 10 different vegetation types, typical of the Nverzhai small basin, have been selected for this study. Regional precipitation, surface runoff, and sediment yield were measured from 2007 to 2018. The wettest year recorded was 2012. Recorded data confirmed that July was the wettest month in this region while January and December were the driest months. Furthermore, surface runoff and sediment yield associated with different vegetation types gradually decreased after 2013, which is the quantification of the consequences due to afforestation processes started in this area. Surface runoff and sediment content recorded for the configuration of sloping farmland were the largest between the different investigated vegetation types. The smallest were the broad-leaved mixed forest, the coniferous mixed forest, and shrubs. Finally, a significant linear positive correlation was found between rainfall and surface runoff, as well as sediment yield (R2 = 0.75). This suggests that climate change implications could be limited by using the more efficient vegetation covering. This research indicates that the ground cover is a key element in controlling soil and water loss, as well as vegetation measures, with high ground cover (i.e., broad-leaved trees). These measures should be strongly recommended for soil erosion control and surface runoff reduction. Moreover, these outcomes can be very helpful for vegetation restoration and water conservation strategies if implemented by local authorities.

ACS Style

Jia Luo; Xiaoling Zhou; Matteo Rubinato; Guijing Li; Yuxin Tian; Jinxing Zhou. Impact of Multiple Vegetation Covers on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Small Basin of Nverzhai, Hunan Province, China. Forests 2020, 11, 329 .

AMA Style

Jia Luo, Xiaoling Zhou, Matteo Rubinato, Guijing Li, Yuxin Tian, Jinxing Zhou. Impact of Multiple Vegetation Covers on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Small Basin of Nverzhai, Hunan Province, China. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jia Luo; Xiaoling Zhou; Matteo Rubinato; Guijing Li; Yuxin Tian; Jinxing Zhou. 2020. "Impact of Multiple Vegetation Covers on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Small Basin of Nverzhai, Hunan Province, China." Forests 11, no. 3: 329.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in Water
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Karst regions are widely distributed in Southwest China and due to the complexity of their geologic structure, it is very challenging to collect data useful to provide a better understanding of surface, underground and fissure flows, needed to calibrate and validate numerical models. Without characterizing these features, it is very problematic to fully establish rainfall–runoff processes associated with soil loss in karst landscapes. Water infiltrated rapidly to the underground in rocky desertification areas. To fill this gap, this experimental work was completed to preliminarily determine the output characteristics of subsurface and underground fissure flows and their relationships with rainfall intensities (30 mm h−1, 60 mm h−1 and 90 mm h−1) and bedrock degrees (30%, 40% and 50%), as well as the role of underground fissure flow in the near-surface rainfall–runoff process. Results indicated that under light rainfall conditions (30 mm h−1), the hydrological processes observed were typical of Dunne overland flows; however, under moderate (60 mm h−1) and high rainfall conditions (90 mm h−1), hydrological processes were typical of Horton overland flows. Furthermore, results confirmed that the generation of underground runoff for moderate rocky desertification (MRD) and severe rocky desertification (SRD) happened 18.18% and 45.45% later than the timing recorded for the light rocky desertification (LRD) scenario. Additionally, results established that the maximum rate of underground runoff increased with the increase of bedrock degrees and the amount of cumulative underground runoff measured under different rocky desertification was SRD > MRD > LRD. In terms of flow characterization, for the LRD configuration under light rainfall intensity the underground runoff was mainly associated with soil water, which was accounting for about 85%–95%. However, under moderate and high rainfall intensities, the underground flow was mainly generated from fissure flow.

ACS Style

Guijing Li; Matteo Rubinato; Long Wan; Bin Wu; Jiufu Luo; Jianmei Fang; Jinxing Zhou. Preliminary Characterization of Underground Hydrological Processes under Multiple Rainfall Conditions and Rocky Desertification Degrees in Karst Regions of Southwest China. Water 2020, 12, 594 .

AMA Style

Guijing Li, Matteo Rubinato, Long Wan, Bin Wu, Jiufu Luo, Jianmei Fang, Jinxing Zhou. Preliminary Characterization of Underground Hydrological Processes under Multiple Rainfall Conditions and Rocky Desertification Degrees in Karst Regions of Southwest China. Water. 2020; 12 (2):594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guijing Li; Matteo Rubinato; Long Wan; Bin Wu; Jiufu Luo; Jianmei Fang; Jinxing Zhou. 2020. "Preliminary Characterization of Underground Hydrological Processes under Multiple Rainfall Conditions and Rocky Desertification Degrees in Karst Regions of Southwest China." Water 12, no. 2: 594.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2019 in Water Science and Engineering
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Increased urbanisation, economic growth, and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding, putting people and property at increased risk. This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems. Particular emphases in this paper are laid on (1) learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China, and (2) which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk. The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors, together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management. Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning, early warning systems, and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy, multi-level flood models, and data driven models of water quantity and quality.

ACS Style

Matteo Rubinato; Andrew Nichols; Yong Peng; Jian-Min Zhang; Craig Lashford; Yan-Peng Cai; Peng-Zhi Lin; Simon Tait. Urban and river flooding: Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs. Water Science and Engineering 2019, 12, 274 -283.

AMA Style

Matteo Rubinato, Andrew Nichols, Yong Peng, Jian-Min Zhang, Craig Lashford, Yan-Peng Cai, Peng-Zhi Lin, Simon Tait. Urban and river flooding: Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs. Water Science and Engineering. 2019; 12 (4):274-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Rubinato; Andrew Nichols; Yong Peng; Jian-Min Zhang; Craig Lashford; Yan-Peng Cai; Peng-Zhi Lin; Simon Tait. 2019. "Urban and river flooding: Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs." Water Science and Engineering 12, no. 4: 274-283.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Water
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Non-homogeneous viscous debris flows are characterized by high density, impact force and destructiveness, and the complexity of the materials they are made of. This has always made these flows challenging to simulate numerically, and to reproduce experimentally debris flow processes. In this study, the formation-movement process of non-homogeneous debris flow under three different soil configurations was simulated numerically by modifying the formulation of collision, friction, and yield stresses for the existing Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The results obtained by applying this modification to the SPH model clearly demonstrated that the configuration where fine and coarse particles are fully mixed, with no specific layering, produces more fluctuations and instability of the debris flow. The kinetic and potential energies of the fluctuating particles calculated for each scenario have been shown to be affected by the water content by focusing on small local areas. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding and new insights regarding intermittent debris flows, and explains the impact of the water content on their formation and movement processes.

ACS Style

Shu Wang; Anping Shu; Matteo Rubinato; Mengyao Wang; Jiping Qin. Numerical Simulation of Non-Homogeneous Viscous Debris-Flows Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method. Water 2019, 11, 2314 .

AMA Style

Shu Wang, Anping Shu, Matteo Rubinato, Mengyao Wang, Jiping Qin. Numerical Simulation of Non-Homogeneous Viscous Debris-Flows Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu Wang; Anping Shu; Matteo Rubinato; Mengyao Wang; Jiping Qin. 2019. "Numerical Simulation of Non-Homogeneous Viscous Debris-Flows Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method." Water 11, no. 11: 2314.

Feature
Published: 04 November 2019 in Journal AWWA
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In many countries, regulations do not require the use of secondary disinfectants to ensure safe drinking water. The water industry may be overly reliant on secondary disinfectants to compensate for less‐than‐ideal treatment and distribution system management. The water industry should evaluate the use of secondary disinfectants to ensure the benefits are realized and that public health goals are being met.

ACS Style

Vanessa Speight; Matteo Rubinato; Fernando L. Rosario‐Ortiz. Are Secondary Disinfectants Performing as Intended? Journal AWWA 2019, 111, 38 -43.

AMA Style

Vanessa Speight, Matteo Rubinato, Fernando L. Rosario‐Ortiz. Are Secondary Disinfectants Performing as Intended? Journal AWWA. 2019; 111 (11):38-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Speight; Matteo Rubinato; Fernando L. Rosario‐Ortiz. 2019. "Are Secondary Disinfectants Performing as Intended?" Journal AWWA 111, no. 11: 38-43.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2019 in Water
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Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Climate change and catchment modifications induced by human activities are the main drivers playing a significant role in the dramatic variation of water levels in the lake (Δh); hence, it is crucial to provide a better understanding of the impacts caused by these phenomena. However, their respective contribution to and influence on water level variations in Qinghai Lake are still unclear and without characterizing them, targeted measures for a more efficient conservation and management of the lake cannot be implemented. In this paper, data monitored during the period 1960–2016 (e.g., meteorological and land use data) have been analyzed by applying multiple techniques to fill this gap and estimate the contribution of each parameter recorded to water level variations (Δh). Results obtained have demonstrated that the water level of Qinghai Lake declined between 1960 and 2004, and since then has risen continuously and gradually, due to the changes in evaporation rates, precipitation and consequently surface runoff associated with climate change effects and catchment modifications. The authors have also pinpointed that climate change is the main leading cause impacting the water level in Qinghai Lake because results demonstrated that 93.13% of water level variations can be attributable to it, while the catchment modifications are responsible for 6.87%. This is a very important outcome in the view of the fact that global warming clearly had a profound impact in this sensitive and responsive region, affecting hydrological processes in the largest inland lake of the Tibetan Plateau.

ACS Style

Jianmei Fang; Guijing Li; Matteo Rubinato; Guoqing Ma; Jinxing Zhou; Guodong Jia; Xinxiao Yu; Henian Wang; Fang; Li; Ma; Zhou; Jia; Yu; Wang. Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China. Water 2019, 11, 2136 .

AMA Style

Jianmei Fang, Guijing Li, Matteo Rubinato, Guoqing Ma, Jinxing Zhou, Guodong Jia, Xinxiao Yu, Henian Wang, Fang, Li, Ma, Zhou, Jia, Yu, Wang. Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianmei Fang; Guijing Li; Matteo Rubinato; Guoqing Ma; Jinxing Zhou; Guodong Jia; Xinxiao Yu; Henian Wang; Fang; Li; Ma; Zhou; Jia; Yu; Wang. 2019. "Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China." Water 11, no. 10: 2136.

Articles
Published: 28 May 2019 in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
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A set of shallow-water equations (SWEs) based on a k^−ε^ Reynold stress model is established to simulate the turbulent flows over a complex roughness bed. The fundamental equations are discretized by the second-order finite-difference method (FDM), in which spatial and temporal discretization are conducted by staggered-grid and leap-frog schemes, respectively. The turbulent model in this study stems from the standard k^−ε^ model, but is enhanced by replacing the conventional vertical production with a more rigorous and precise generation derived from the energy spectrum and turbulence scales. To verify its effectiveness, the model is applied to compute the turbulence in complex flow surroundings (including a rough bed) in an abrupt bend and in a natural waterway. The comparison of the model results against experimental data and other numerical results shows the robustness and accuracy of the present model in describing hydrodynamic characteristics, especially turbulence features on the complex roughness bottom.

ACS Style

Yong Zhang; Matteo Rubinato; Ehsan Kazemi; Jaan H. Pu; Yuefei Huang; Pengzhi Lin. Numerical and experimental analysis of shallow turbulent flow over complex roughness beds. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 2019, 33, 202 -221.

AMA Style

Yong Zhang, Matteo Rubinato, Ehsan Kazemi, Jaan H. Pu, Yuefei Huang, Pengzhi Lin. Numerical and experimental analysis of shallow turbulent flow over complex roughness beds. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics. 2019; 33 (5):202-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Zhang; Matteo Rubinato; Ehsan Kazemi; Jaan H. Pu; Yuefei Huang; Pengzhi Lin. 2019. "Numerical and experimental analysis of shallow turbulent flow over complex roughness beds." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 33, no. 5: 202-221.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Water
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Riverbank erosion is a natural process in rivers that can become exacerbated by direct and indirect human impacts. Unfortunately, riverbank degradation can cause societal impacts such as property loss and sedimentation of in-stream structures, as well as environmental impacts such as water quality impact. The frequency, magnitude, and impact of riverbank collapse events in China and worldwide are forecasted to increase under climate change. To understand and mitigate the risk of riverbank collapse, experimental/field data in real conditions are required to provide robust calibration and validation of hydraulic and mathematical models. This paper presents an experimental set of tests conducted to characterize riverbank erosion and sediment transport for banks with slopes of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° and quantify the amount of sediments transported by the river, deposited within the bank toe or settled in the riverbed after having been removed due to erosion. The results showed interesting comprehension about the characterization of riverbank erosion and sediment transport along the river. These insights can be used for calibration and validation of new and existing numerical models.

ACS Style

Anping Shu; Guosheng Duan; Matteo Rubinato; Lu Tian; Mengyao Wang; Shu Wang. An Experimental Study on Mechanisms for Sediment Transformation Due to Riverbank Collapse. Water 2019, 11, 529 .

AMA Style

Anping Shu, Guosheng Duan, Matteo Rubinato, Lu Tian, Mengyao Wang, Shu Wang. An Experimental Study on Mechanisms for Sediment Transformation Due to Riverbank Collapse. Water. 2019; 11 (3):529.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anping Shu; Guosheng Duan; Matteo Rubinato; Lu Tian; Mengyao Wang; Shu Wang. 2019. "An Experimental Study on Mechanisms for Sediment Transformation Due to Riverbank Collapse." Water 11, no. 3: 529.

Review
Published: 04 January 2019 in Sustainability
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In recent decades, rapid urbanization has resulted in a growing urban population, transformed into regions of exceptional socio-economic value. By removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface and saturating soil air content, urban developments are more likely to be flooded, which will be further exacerbated by an anticipated increase in the number of intense rainfall events, due to climate change. To date, data collected show that urban pluvial flood events are on the rise for both the UK and China. This paper presents a critical review of existing sustainable approaches to urban flood management, by comparing UK practice with that in China and critically assessing whether lessons can be learnt from the Sponge City initiative. The authors have identified a strategic research plan to ensure that the sponge city initiative can successfully respond to extreme climatic events and tackle pluvial flooding. Hence, this review suggests that future research should focus on (1) the development of a more localized rainfall model for the Chinese climate; (2) the role of retrofit SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems) in challenging water environments; (3) the development of a robust SuDS selection tool, ensuring that the most effective devices are installed, based on local factors; and (4) dissemination of current information, and increased understanding of maintenance and whole life-costing, alongside monitoring the success of sponge cities to increase the confidence of decision makers (5) the community engagement and education about sponge cities.

ACS Style

Craig Lashford; Matteo Rubinato; Yanpeng Cai; Jingming Hou; Soroush Abolfathi; Stephen Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Simon Tait. SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 213 .

AMA Style

Craig Lashford, Matteo Rubinato, Yanpeng Cai, Jingming Hou, Soroush Abolfathi, Stephen Coupe, Susanne Charlesworth, Simon Tait. SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Craig Lashford; Matteo Rubinato; Yanpeng Cai; Jingming Hou; Soroush Abolfathi; Stephen Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Simon Tait. 2019. "SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 213.