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Agriculture is being negatively affected by the decrease in precipitation that has been observed over the last few years. Even in the Czech Republic, farmers are being urged to irrigate their fields despite the fact that sources of water for irrigation are rapidly being depleted. This problem might be partially solved via the reuse of treated wastewater in certain agricultural sectors. However, the public perception of the reuse of wastewater remains negative primarily due to unknown risks to the environment and public health. To overcome this barrier, a semi-operated irrigation field was established at Kostelec nad Ohří in the Central Bohemian region of the Czech Republic and planted with common garden crops such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with two different water sources, i.e., treated wastewater from a local nature-based treatment system, a hybrid constructed wetland (HCW), and local fresh water from well. The HCW was put into operation in 2017 and was reconstructed in 2018 and includes both horizontal and vertical flow beds; the trial irrigation field was added in the same year. The reconstruction of the facility significantly enhanced the removal efficiency with respect to all monitored parameters, e.g., biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N–NH4 +, total N and the suspended solids (TSS), except for total P. The HCW also ensured the significant removal of several observed pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, intestinal enterococci and thermotolerant coliforms). During the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, we observed the significantly enhanced growth of the crops irrigated with wastewater from the HCW due to the fertilizing effect. The risks associated with the contamination of crops irrigated with treated water are not negligible and it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to them, especially when introducing irrigation with wastewater into practice.
Michal Šereš; Petra Innemanová; Tereza Hnátková; Miloš Rozkošný; Alexandros Stefanakis; Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. Evaluation of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Performance and Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation. Water 2021, 13, 1165 .
AMA StyleMichal Šereš, Petra Innemanová, Tereza Hnátková, Miloš Rozkošný, Alexandros Stefanakis, Jaroslav Semerád, Tomáš Cajthaml. Evaluation of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Performance and Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichal Šereš; Petra Innemanová; Tereza Hnátková; Miloš Rozkošný; Alexandros Stefanakis; Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2021. "Evaluation of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Performance and Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation." Water 13, no. 9: 1165.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are manufactured worldwide. Once they arrive in the soil environment, they can endanger living organisms. Hence, monitoring and assessing the effects of these nanoparticles is required. We focus on the Eisenia andrei earthworm immune cells exposed to sublethal concentrations of TiO2 NPs (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 2, 6, and 24 h. TiO2 NPs at all concentrations did not affect cell viability. Further, TiO2 NPs did not cause changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and phagocytic activity. Similarly, they did not elicit DNA damage. Overall, we did not detect any toxic effects of TiO2 NPs at the cellular level. At the gene expression level, slight changes were detected. Metallothionein, fetidin/lysenin, lumbricin and MEK kinase I were upregulated in coelomocytes after exposure to 10 µg/mL TiO2 NPs for 6 h. Antioxidant enzyme expression was similar in exposed and control cells. TiO2 NPs were detected on coelomocyte membranes. However, our results do not show any strong effects of these nanoparticles on coelomocytes at both the cellular and molecular levels.
Natividad Navarro Pacheco; Radka Roubalova; Jaroslav Semerad; Alena Grasserova; Oldrich Benada; Olga Kofronova; Tomas Cajthaml; Jiri Dvorak; Martin Bilej; Petra Prochazkova. In Vitro Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Earthworm Coelomocytes: Immunotoxicity Assessment. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 250 .
AMA StyleNatividad Navarro Pacheco, Radka Roubalova, Jaroslav Semerad, Alena Grasserova, Oldrich Benada, Olga Kofronova, Tomas Cajthaml, Jiri Dvorak, Martin Bilej, Petra Prochazkova. In Vitro Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Earthworm Coelomocytes: Immunotoxicity Assessment. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (1):250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatividad Navarro Pacheco; Radka Roubalova; Jaroslav Semerad; Alena Grasserova; Oldrich Benada; Olga Kofronova; Tomas Cajthaml; Jiri Dvorak; Martin Bilej; Petra Prochazkova. 2021. "In Vitro Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Earthworm Coelomocytes: Immunotoxicity Assessment." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1: 250.
During the last two decades, nanomaterials based on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have ranked among the most utilized remediation technologies for soil and groundwater cleanup. The high reduction capacity of elemental iron (Fe0) allows for the rapid and cost-efficient degradation or transformation of many organic and inorganic pollutants. Although worldwide real and pilot applications show promising results, the effects of nZVI on exposed living organisms are still not well explored. The majority of the recent studies examined toxicity to microbes and to a lesser extent to other organisms that could also be exposed to nZVI via nanoremediation applications. In this work, a novel approach using amoebocytes, the immune effector cells of the earthworm Eisenia andrei, was applied to study the toxicity mechanisms of nZVI. The toxicity of the dissolved iron released during exposure was studied to evaluate the effect of nZVI aging with regard to toxicity and to assess the true environmental risks. The impact of nZVI and associated iron ions was studied in vitro on the subcellular level using different toxicological approaches, such as short-term immunological responses and oxidative stress. The results revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species production following nZVI exposure, as well as a dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis were detected upon exposure to ferric and ferrous ions, although no lethal effects were observed at environmentally relevant nZVI concentrations. The decreased phagocytic activity further confirmed sublethal adverse effects, even after short-term exposure to ferric and ferrous iron. Detection of sublethal effects, including changes in oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production revealed that nZVI had minimal impacts on exposed earthworm cells. In comparison to other works, this study provides more details regarding the effects of the individual iron forms associated with nZVI aging and the cell toxicity effects on the specific earthworms’ immune cells that represent a suitable model for nanomaterial testing.
Jaroslav Semerad; Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco; Alena Grasserova; Petra Prochazkova; Martin Pivokonsky; Lenka Pivokonska; Tomas Cajthaml. In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2189 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerad, Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco, Alena Grasserova, Petra Prochazkova, Martin Pivokonsky, Lenka Pivokonska, Tomas Cajthaml. In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (11):2189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerad; Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco; Alena Grasserova; Petra Prochazkova; Martin Pivokonsky; Lenka Pivokonska; Tomas Cajthaml. 2020. "In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11: 2189.
Highly persistent, toxic and bioaccumulative per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represents a serious problem for the environment and their concentrations and fate remain largely unknown. The present study consists of a PFAS screening in sludges originating from 43 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Czech Republic. To analyze an extended group of PFAS consisting of 32 PFAS, including GenX and other new replacements of older and restricted PFAS in sludge, a new method was optimized and validated using pressurized solvent extraction, followed by the SPE clean-up step to eliminate the observed matrix effects and LC-MS/MS. The results revealed high PFAS contamination of sewage sludge, reaching values from 5.6 to 963.2 ng g−1. The results showed that in the majority of the samples (about 60%), PFOS was the most abundant among the targeted PFAS, reaching 932.9 ng g−1. Approximately 20% of the analyzed samples contained more short-chain PFAS, suggesting the replacement of long-chain PFAS (especially restricted PFOA and PFOS). GenX was detected in 9 samples, confirming the trend in the use of new PFAS. The results revealed that significantly higher contamination was detected in the samples from large WWTPs (population equivalent > 50,000; p-value <0.05). Concerning the application of sludge in agriculture, our prediction using the respective PFAS bioconcentration factors, the observed concentrations, and the legislatively permitted management of biosolids in Czech Republic agriculture revealed that PFAS can cause serious contamination of cereals and vegetables (oat, celery shoots and lettuce leaves), as well as general secondary contamination of the environment.
Jaroslav Semerád; Nicolette Hatasová; Alena Grasserová; Tereza Černá; Alena Filipová; Aleš Hanč; Petra Innemanová; Martin Pivokonský; Tomáš Cajthaml. Screening for 32 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including GenX in sludges from 43 WWTPs located in the Czech Republic - Evaluation of potential accumulation in vegetables after application of biosolids. Chemosphere 2020, 261, 128018 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Nicolette Hatasová, Alena Grasserová, Tereza Černá, Alena Filipová, Aleš Hanč, Petra Innemanová, Martin Pivokonský, Tomáš Cajthaml. Screening for 32 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including GenX in sludges from 43 WWTPs located in the Czech Republic - Evaluation of potential accumulation in vegetables after application of biosolids. Chemosphere. 2020; 261 ():128018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Nicolette Hatasová; Alena Grasserová; Tereza Černá; Alena Filipová; Aleš Hanč; Petra Innemanová; Martin Pivokonský; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2020. "Screening for 32 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including GenX in sludges from 43 WWTPs located in the Czech Republic - Evaluation of potential accumulation in vegetables after application of biosolids." Chemosphere 261, no. : 128018.
The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilm-related bacterial properties were characterized by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and motility tests. The relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetM, tetO, tetA and tetB) in wastewaters were subsequently quantified using qPCR. The results show that the isolates from the nitrification tank produce biofilm with up to 10 times greater intensity relative to the isolates from the sedimentation tank. In isolates of Aeromonas sp. from the nitrification tank, increased biofilm production in the occurrence of tetracycline from a concentration of 0.03125 µg/mL was observed. The tetW gene showed the highest relative abundance out of all the tested genes. From the sampling points, its abundance was the highest in the sedimentation tank of the WWTP. Based on these results, it can be assumed that resistant bacteria are able to form a biofilm and sub-inhibitory tetracycline concentrations induce biofilm formation. WWTPs thus represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and contribute to the spread of resistance in the natural environment.
Tereza Stachurová; Kateřina Malachová; Jaroslav Semerád; Meta Sterniša; Zuzana Rybková; Sonja Smole Možina. Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment. Processes 2020, 8, 989 .
AMA StyleTereza Stachurová, Kateřina Malachová, Jaroslav Semerád, Meta Sterniša, Zuzana Rybková, Sonja Smole Možina. Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment. Processes. 2020; 8 (8):989.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTereza Stachurová; Kateřina Malachová; Jaroslav Semerád; Meta Sterniša; Zuzana Rybková; Sonja Smole Možina. 2020. "Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment." Processes 8, no. 8: 989.
This work describes an important, environmentally relevant phenomenon of metal nanoparticle aging in relation to the toxicity of nanomaterials; in this case, sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent materials intended for remediation purposes.
Jaroslav Semerád; Jan Filip; Alena Ševců; Miroslav Brumovský; Nhung H. A. Nguyen; Jiří Mikšíček; Tomáš Lederer; Alena Filipová; Jana Boháčková; Tomáš Cajthaml. Environmental fate of sulfidated nZVI particles: the interplay of nanoparticle corrosion and toxicity during aging. Environmental Science: Nano 2020, 7, 1794 -1806.
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Jan Filip, Alena Ševců, Miroslav Brumovský, Nhung H. A. Nguyen, Jiří Mikšíček, Tomáš Lederer, Alena Filipová, Jana Boháčková, Tomáš Cajthaml. Environmental fate of sulfidated nZVI particles: the interplay of nanoparticle corrosion and toxicity during aging. Environmental Science: Nano. 2020; 7 (6):1794-1806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Jan Filip; Alena Ševců; Miroslav Brumovský; Nhung H. A. Nguyen; Jiří Mikšíček; Tomáš Lederer; Alena Filipová; Jana Boháčková; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2020. "Environmental fate of sulfidated nZVI particles: the interplay of nanoparticle corrosion and toxicity during aging." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 6: 1794-1806.
The present chapter is describing two pilot-scale experiments and showing the potential of the combined technology (i.e., nanoremediation and bioremediation) for in situ heavy metal removal and dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. Successful applications of the nano-bioremediation approach at two different sites in the Czech Republic contaminated with hexavalent chromium are summarized and evaluated in this chapter. High effectivity of nZVI and the further microbial bioaugmentation step by whey addition resulted in reduction and geofixation of hexavalent chromium in both localities. In addition, a high removal of chlorinated ethenes was observed in the locality 2 after the whey application. The successive abiotic and biotic processes involving the chemical reduction and further microbial bioreduction of chromium and dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes were evaluated by monitoring of physicochemical and biological parameters. The results of both applications of the combined remediation technology clearly prove feasibility and high efficiency of this approach for chromium and chlorinated ethenes removal.
Jaroslav Semerád; Martin Pivokonský; Tomáš Cajthaml. Nano-Bioremediation: Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Inorganic and Organic Contamination. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future 2020, 425 -433.
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Martin Pivokonský, Tomáš Cajthaml. Nano-Bioremediation: Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Inorganic and Organic Contamination. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future. 2020; ():425-433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Martin Pivokonský; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2020. "Nano-Bioremediation: Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Inorganic and Organic Contamination." Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future , no. : 425-433.
Due to their enhanced reactivity, metal and metal-oxide nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanomaterials have been introduced into remediation practice. To ensure that environmental applications of nanomaterials are safe, their possible toxic effects should be described. However, there is still a lack of suitable toxicity tests that address the specific mode of action of nanoparticles, especially for nZVI. This contribution presents a novel approach for monitoring one of the most discussed adverse effects of nanoparticles, i.e., oxidative stress (OS). We optimized and developed an assay based on headspace-SPME-GC-MS analysis that enables the direct determination of volatile oxidative damage products (aldehydes) of lipids and proteins in microbial cultures after exposure to commercial types of nZVI. The method employs PDMS/DVB SPME fibers and pentafluorobenzyl derivatization, and the protocol was successfully tested using representatives of bacteria, fungi, and algae. Six aldehydes, namely, formaldehyde, acrolein, methional, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, were detected in the cultures, and all of them exhibited dose-dependent sigmoidal responses. The presence of methional, which was detected in all cultures except those including an algal strain, documents that nZVI also caused oxidative damage to proteins in addition to lipids. The most sensitive toward nZVI exposure in terms of aldehyde production was the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which had an EC50 value of 0.08 g/L nZVI. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to document the production of aldehydes resulting from lipids and proteins as a result of OS in microorganisms from different kingdoms after exposure to iron nanoparticles.
Jaroslav Semerád; Monika Moeder; Jan Filip; Martin Pivokonský; Alena Filipová; Tomáš Cajthaml. Oxidative stress in microbes after exposure to iron nanoparticles: analysis of aldehydes as oxidative damage products of lipids and proteins. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 33670 -33682.
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Monika Moeder, Jan Filip, Martin Pivokonský, Alena Filipová, Tomáš Cajthaml. Oxidative stress in microbes after exposure to iron nanoparticles: analysis of aldehydes as oxidative damage products of lipids and proteins. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (32):33670-33682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Monika Moeder; Jan Filip; Martin Pivokonský; Alena Filipová; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2019. "Oxidative stress in microbes after exposure to iron nanoparticles: analysis of aldehydes as oxidative damage products of lipids and proteins." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 32: 33670-33682.
This study is among the first to reveal nZVI aging in the soil ecosystem and its interactions with the soil microbial community.
Songlin Wu; Tomáš Cajthaml; Jaroslav Semerád; Alena Filipová; Mariana Klementová; Roman Skála; Martina Vítková; Zuzana Michálková; Manuel Teodoro; Zhaoxiang Wu; Domingo Martínez-Fernández; Michael Komárek. Nano zero-valent iron aging interacts with the soil microbial community: a microcosm study. Environmental Science: Nano 2019, 6, 1189 -1206.
AMA StyleSonglin Wu, Tomáš Cajthaml, Jaroslav Semerád, Alena Filipová, Mariana Klementová, Roman Skála, Martina Vítková, Zuzana Michálková, Manuel Teodoro, Zhaoxiang Wu, Domingo Martínez-Fernández, Michael Komárek. Nano zero-valent iron aging interacts with the soil microbial community: a microcosm study. Environmental Science: Nano. 2019; 6 (4):1189-1206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonglin Wu; Tomáš Cajthaml; Jaroslav Semerád; Alena Filipová; Mariana Klementová; Roman Skála; Martina Vítková; Zuzana Michálková; Manuel Teodoro; Zhaoxiang Wu; Domingo Martínez-Fernández; Michael Komárek. 2019. "Nano zero-valent iron aging interacts with the soil microbial community: a microcosm study." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 4: 1189-1206.
Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) began attracting research attention in remediation practice in recent decades as a prospective nanomaterial applicable to various contaminated matrices. Despite concerns about the negative effects of nanomaterials on ecosystems, the number of reliable toxicity tests is limited. We have developed a test based on the evaluation of oxidative stress (OS). The test employed the analysis of a typical OS marker (malondialdehyde, MDA), after exposure of six bacterial strains to the tested nanomaterial. We also attempted to use other OS and cell membrane damage assays, including the determination of glutathione and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. However, we found that the components of these assays interfered with nZVI; therefore, these tests were not applicable. The MDA assay was tested using nZVI and three newly engineered oxide shell nZVI materials with different oxide thicknesses. Six different bacterial species were employed, and the results showed that the test was fully applicable for the concentrations of nanomaterials used in remediation practice (0.1–10 g/L). MDA was produced in a dose-response manner, and the bacteria showed a similar response toward pure pyrophoric nZVI, reaching EC50 values of 0.3–1.1 g/L. We observed different responses in the absolute production of MDA; however, the MDA concentrations were correlated with the cell membrane surfaces of the individual strains (R > 0.75; P < 0.09). Additionally, the EC50 values correlated with the thickness of the oxide shells (except for Escherichia coli: R > 0.95; P < 0.05), documenting the reliability of the assay, where reactivity was confirmed to be an important factor for reactive oxygen species production.
Jaroslav Semerád; Monika Čvančarová; Jan Filip; Josef Kašlík; Jana Zlotá; Jana Soukupová; Tomáš Cajthaml. Novel assay for the toxicity evaluation of nanoscale zero-valent iron and derived nanomaterials based on lipid peroxidation in bacterial species. Chemosphere 2018, 213, 568 -577.
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Monika Čvančarová, Jan Filip, Josef Kašlík, Jana Zlotá, Jana Soukupová, Tomáš Cajthaml. Novel assay for the toxicity evaluation of nanoscale zero-valent iron and derived nanomaterials based on lipid peroxidation in bacterial species. Chemosphere. 2018; 213 ():568-577.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Monika Čvančarová; Jan Filip; Josef Kašlík; Jana Zlotá; Jana Soukupová; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2018. "Novel assay for the toxicity evaluation of nanoscale zero-valent iron and derived nanomaterials based on lipid peroxidation in bacterial species." Chemosphere 213, no. : 568-577.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), together with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent highly toxic and persistent organic environmental pollutants, especially due to their capability for bioaccumulation in fatty tissues. To observe the environmentally relevant effect of these compounds on earthworms, two soils naturally contaminated with PCDD/Fs and PAHs were used in our experiments. We focused on the role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases. We assembled a full-length sequences of these molecules from Eisenia andrei earthworm and confirmed their activity. We demonstrated the significant reduction of CuZn-SOD on both mRNA and enzyme activity levels and increased levels of reactive oxygen species in earthworms kept in PCDD/F-polluted soil, which corresponds to the observed histopathologies of the earthworm intestinal wall and adjacent chloragogenous tissue. The results show an important role of CuZn-SOD in earthworm tissue damage caused by PCDD/Fs present in soil. We did not detect any significant changes in the mRNA expression or activity of Mn-SOD in these earthworms. In earthworms maintained in PAH-polluted soil the activity of both CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD significantly increased. No histopathological changes were detected in these worms, however significant decrease of coelomocyte viability was observed. This reduced viability was most likely independent of oxidative stress.
Radka Roubalová; Jiří Dvořák; Petra Procházková; František Škanta; Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco; Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml; Martin Bilej. The role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases in earthworm Eisenia andrei kept in two distinct field-contaminated soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 159, 363 -371.
AMA StyleRadka Roubalová, Jiří Dvořák, Petra Procházková, František Škanta, Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco, Jaroslav Semerád, Tomáš Cajthaml, Martin Bilej. The role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases in earthworm Eisenia andrei kept in two distinct field-contaminated soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 159 ():363-371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadka Roubalová; Jiří Dvořák; Petra Procházková; František Škanta; Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco; Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml; Martin Bilej. 2018. "The role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases in earthworm Eisenia andrei kept in two distinct field-contaminated soils." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 159, no. : 363-371.
Quantitative changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in six urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating municipal and industrial wastewaters. In a selected WWTP, the fate of ARGs was studied in a 1-year time interval and in two phases of wastewater treatment process. Nine ARGs (tetW, tetO, tetA, tetB, tetM, blaTEM, ermB, sul1, and intl1) were quantified in total and their relative abundance assessed by ARG copies/16SrRNA copies. From the tetracycline resistance genes, tetW was the only one detected in all sampled WWTPs. Its relative abundance in the nitrification tank of WWTP5 was found stable during the 1-year period, but was lowered by secondary sedimentation processes in the wastewater treatment down to 24% compared to the nitrification tank. Bacterial isolates showing high tetracycline resistance (minimal inhibition concentrations >100 μg/mL) were identified as members of Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Enterobacter genera. Dynamic shifts in the relative abundance of ermB and sul1 were also demonstrated in wastewater samples from WWTP5.
Kateřina Svobodová; Jaroslav Semerád; Denisa Petráčková; Čeněk Novotný. Antibiotic Resistance in Czech Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants: Microbial and Molecular Genetic Characterization. Microbial Drug Resistance 2018, 24, 830 -838.
AMA StyleKateřina Svobodová, Jaroslav Semerád, Denisa Petráčková, Čeněk Novotný. Antibiotic Resistance in Czech Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants: Microbial and Molecular Genetic Characterization. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2018; 24 (6):830-838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKateřina Svobodová; Jaroslav Semerád; Denisa Petráčková; Čeněk Novotný. 2018. "Antibiotic Resistance in Czech Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants: Microbial and Molecular Genetic Characterization." Microbial Drug Resistance 24, no. 6: 830-838.
Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. Assessment of nanoscale zero-valent iron toxicity towards several bacterial species by specific marker of oxidative stress monitoring. Toxicology Letters 2017, 280, S210 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Tomáš Cajthaml. Assessment of nanoscale zero-valent iron toxicity towards several bacterial species by specific marker of oxidative stress monitoring. Toxicology Letters. 2017; 280 ():S210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2017. "Assessment of nanoscale zero-valent iron toxicity towards several bacterial species by specific marker of oxidative stress monitoring." Toxicology Letters 280, no. : S210.
This mini-review summarizes the current information that has been published on the various effects of nano-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI) on microbial biota, with an emphasis on reports that highlight the positive aspects of its application or its stimulatory effects on microbiota. By nature, nZVI is a highly reactive substance; thus, the possibility of nZVI being toxic is commonly suspected. Accordingly, the cytotoxicity of nZVI and the toxicity of nZVI-related products have been detected by laboratory tests and documented in the literature. However, there are numerous other published studies on its useful nature, which are usually skipped in reviews that deal only with the phenomenon of toxicity. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review both recent publications reporting the toxic effects of nZVI on microbiota and studies documenting the positive effects of nZVI on various environmental remediation processes. Although cytotoxicity is an issue of general importance and relevance, nZVI can reduce the overall toxicity of a contaminated site, which ultimately results in the creation of better living conditions for the autochthonous microflora. Moreover, nZVI changes the properties of the site in a manner such that it can also be used as a tool in a tailor-made approach to support a specific microbial community for the decontamination of a particular polluted site.
Jaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. Ecotoxicity and environmental safety related to nano-scale zerovalent iron remediation applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2016, 100, 9809 -9819.
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Tomáš Cajthaml. Ecotoxicity and environmental safety related to nano-scale zerovalent iron remediation applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2016; 100 (23):9809-9819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2016. "Ecotoxicity and environmental safety related to nano-scale zerovalent iron remediation applications." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 100, no. 23: 9809-9819.
Jaroslav Semerád; Zdena Křesinová; Tomáš Cajthaml. New method for in vitro toxicity testing of nanomaterials used in bionanoremediations. New Biotechnology 2016, 33, S148 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Semerád, Zdena Křesinová, Tomáš Cajthaml. New method for in vitro toxicity testing of nanomaterials used in bionanoremediations. New Biotechnology. 2016; 33 ():S148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Semerád; Zdena Křesinová; Tomáš Cajthaml. 2016. "New method for in vitro toxicity testing of nanomaterials used in bionanoremediations." New Biotechnology 33, no. : S148.