This study examines the influence of social support from intermediary organizations on innovativeness and subjective happiness in community-based tourism (CBT). The authors collected data from 236 residents who had participated in the Tour Dure project in South Korea. The analysis, using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), shows that social support from intermediary organizations has a positive effect on the innovativeness of residents. Further, the more innovativeness the residents showed, the more their subjective happiness increased. In other words, social support from intermediary organizations plays an important role in improving innovativeness, and in turn, the subjective happiness of residents. There have been many claims that resident participation is important in CBT, but it has usually been treated as a slogan without offering specific proposals for boosting such participation. This study discovered that the social support given by intermediary organizations to residents plays an important role in innovativeness and subjective happiness. It also shows that it is effective to encourage residents’ participation in CBT by offering social support from intermediary organizations.

This study examines happiness determinants from a regional disparity perspective. Data from a national leisure survey conducted in South Korea was used. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was performed. Findings indicate that leisure satisfaction, vacationing, participation in club activities, participation in volunteer activities, gender, marital status, household income, and education level were significantly related to respondents’ happiness. These determinants were further investigated by regional segmentation. In tests to determine the strength of vacationing and self-rating of leisure satisfaction on happiness, leisure satisfaction was found to be significantly and positively related to happiness levels after controlling for respondents’ characteristics.

As COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, it has caused unprecedented disruption to community-based tourism (CBT). The purpose of this study is to identify local reactions to COVID-19 in CBT destinations using social representation theory (SRT) as a framework for analysis. Furthermore, this paper uses Q methodology to shed light on residents’ reactions to COVID-19. A demonstration of this method is used to analyze a Q set of 36 statements and a P set of 30 respondents working in the CBT business in Seochon Village, Seoul, Korea from 10 May to 21 May in 2021. As a result of the analysis, three distinct clusters are identified: fear of stigmatization as a plague spreader, maladaptation to environmental change, and threats to livelihoods. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed to aid the local community to build a more sustainable and safer CBT during and after the pandemic.

Grounded on the challenge-hindrance stressor framework, this study examines how subordinates appraise work stressors, hence shaping their behaviors toward the organization. We especially argue that...