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F. Suryadi
Land and Water Management Department, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands

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Review
Published: 10 February 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper presents knowledge gaps and critiques on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus that have emerged since the concept of the WEF nexus was proposed by the World Economic Forum and the Bonn 2011 Conference. Furthermore, this study analyses current innovations on the WEF nexus concept, applications, and impacts during the period of 2012–2020. This begins by reviewing ten WEF nexus frameworks developed by international organizations and researchers. On this basis, several gaps and omissions in nexus frameworks are obvious in almost all developed frameworks. Studies that start to address some of these gaps are analysed, but they are relatively few and do not address all gaps. Several proposed improvements to nexus frameworks are identified to narrow the gaps and put the concept into practical implementation in WEF resources management and governance. Four principles and the perspective of “from local to global” for future WEF nexus framework development and analysis are suggested to ensure that the security of water, energy, and food resources can be achieved sustainably in local communities. This will improve the impact of national and global ambitions on WEF security.

ACS Style

Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; Franciscus Suryadi; Charlotte Fraiture. Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1919 .

AMA Style

Aries Purwanto, Janez Sušnik, Franciscus Suryadi, Charlotte Fraiture. Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; Franciscus Suryadi; Charlotte Fraiture. 2021. "Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1919.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2020 in Water
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In order to cover the crop water requirements, flow control structures such as gates and weirs are used to transfer the desired amount of water from the canals to the field canals. This paper examines the impact of gate operation and the selection of gates on the deposition of non-cohesive sediment. The Delft3D model is used to simulate the effects of different scenarios regarding gate operation and the location of the gate that is opened. The model results showed that the gate selection affects not only hydraulic parameters but also morphological parameters. It was found that opening the gates closer to the offtake resulted in less sediment deposition at the entrance of the branch canal when compared to opening the gates further away. Gate selection can be used as a tool in sediment management. By alternating the opening of different gates sediments that are already deposited after opening one gate can be eroded when another gate is operated, thus minimizing the additional cost of sediment removal. The use of Delft3D proved beneficial as the selection of different gates leads to asymmetric sediment deposition patterns which would be missed when using a 1D model.

ACS Style

Shaimaa Theol; Bert Jagers; Jigyasha Yangkhurung; F. Suryadi; Charlotte De Fraiture. Effect of Gate Selection on the Non-Cohesive Sedimentation in Irrigation Schemes. Water 2020, 12, 2765 .

AMA Style

Shaimaa Theol, Bert Jagers, Jigyasha Yangkhurung, F. Suryadi, Charlotte De Fraiture. Effect of Gate Selection on the Non-Cohesive Sedimentation in Irrigation Schemes. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaimaa Theol; Bert Jagers; Jigyasha Yangkhurung; F. Suryadi; Charlotte De Fraiture. 2020. "Effect of Gate Selection on the Non-Cohesive Sedimentation in Irrigation Schemes." Water 12, no. 10: 2765.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Water
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Despite efforts to develop and conserve water resources, almost every year during the dry season, some areas in Central Java province in Indonesia still experience a lack of water, especially in rural villages. These areas require water supply via water trucks and/or portable pumps to obtain water from rivers and groundwater. The Central Java government committed to implementing a program involving the construction of 1000 small reservoirs by 2020 to overcome water shortages. However, the technically ideal sites are mostly privately owned, which requires lengthy and costly land acquisition. To avoid the uncertainty of land acquisition, some small reservoirs were placed on state-owned land, which did not require land acquisition. The consideration of putting more emphasis on state-owned land rather than technically ideal sites for the construction of small reservoirs raise the issue on the location suitability of those reservoirs. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of the location of small reservoirs in the Bodri-Kuto river basin using the monthly standardized precipitation index (SPI). We used rainfall records of 25 stations in the river basin from 2000 to 2016 and analyzed yearly and monthly rainfall data. The yearly analysis shows that the dry conditions (SPI < −0.5) from 2005 to 2009 affected more than half of the rainfall stations (>50%), whereas the rainfall stations that experienced more dry years included Kedung Wungu, Babadan, Bojong, Ketapang, Sekopek, and Podowaras (more than 9 out of 17 years). The monthly SPI shows that during July, August, and September, all the rainfall stations experience moderately dry or worse conditions (SPI < −0.50). Using 25 rainfall stations, we determined the spatial spread of dry conditions using monthly SPI values from July, August, and September. Overlay of the spatial spread of dry conditions with the location of small reservoirs can be used to evaluate the suitability of small reservoir locations. We found that 1 (3%) location is very suitable, 7 (21%) locations are suitable, 24 (73%) locations are moderately suitable, and 1 (3%) location is less suitable. The findings indicate that the spatial distribution of SPI can be used as an additional criterion for evaluating the suitability of small reservoirs’ locations should technically ideal locations be unavailable.

ACS Style

Suharyanto Suharyanto; Theresia Novie Secunda Harjanti; Ignatius Sriyana; Fransiskus Suryadi. Location Suitability for Small Reservoirs at the Bodri-Kuto River Basin Based on Spatial Monthly SPI. Water 2020, 12, 993 .

AMA Style

Suharyanto Suharyanto, Theresia Novie Secunda Harjanti, Ignatius Sriyana, Fransiskus Suryadi. Location Suitability for Small Reservoirs at the Bodri-Kuto River Basin Based on Spatial Monthly SPI. Water. 2020; 12 (4):993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suharyanto Suharyanto; Theresia Novie Secunda Harjanti; Ignatius Sriyana; Fransiskus Suryadi. 2020. "Location Suitability for Small Reservoirs at the Bodri-Kuto River Basin Based on Spatial Monthly SPI." Water 12, no. 4: 993.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Water
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Sediments cause serious problems in irrigation systems, adversely affecting canal performance, driving up maintenance costs and, in extreme cases, threatening system sustainability. Multiple studies were done on the deposition of non-cohesive sediment and implications for canal design, the use of canal operation in handling sedimentation problems is relatively under-studied, particularly for cohesive sediments. In this manuscript, several scenarios regarding weirs and gate operation were tested, using the Delft3D model, applied to a case study from the Gezira scheme in Sudan. Findings show that weirs play a modest role in sedimentation patterns, where their location influences their effectiveness. On the contrary, gate operation plays a significant role in sedimentation patterns. Reduced gate openings may cause canal blockage while intermittently fully opening and closing of gates can reduce sediment deposition in the canal by 54% even under conditions of heavy sediment load. Proper location of weirs and proper adjusting of the branch canal’s gate can substantially reduce sedimentation problems while ensuring sufficient water delivery to crops. The use of 2D/3D models provides useful insights into spatial and temporal patterns of deposition and erosion but has challenges related to running time imposing a rather coarse modelling resolution to keep running times acceptable.

ACS Style

Shaimaa A. Theol; Bert Jagers; F. X. Suryadi; Charlotte De Fraiture. The Role of Gate Operation in Reducing Problems with Cohesive and Non-Cohesive Sediments in Irrigation Canals. Water 2019, 11, 2572 .

AMA Style

Shaimaa A. Theol, Bert Jagers, F. X. Suryadi, Charlotte De Fraiture. The Role of Gate Operation in Reducing Problems with Cohesive and Non-Cohesive Sediments in Irrigation Canals. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaimaa A. Theol; Bert Jagers; F. X. Suryadi; Charlotte De Fraiture. 2019. "The Role of Gate Operation in Reducing Problems with Cohesive and Non-Cohesive Sediments in Irrigation Canals." Water 11, no. 12: 2572.