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The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the model development and simulation: financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social aspects. Eight scenario analyses related to those five aspects were conducted. The causal loop diagrams suggest that the overall loop in the system is reinforcing, meaning that the improvement in one aspect will improve the overall condition of the system and deterioration in one aspect will reduce the overall condition of the system. Scenario analysis shows that external fund is critical to support the program financially, especially at the beginning of the project when the piped system is being built and water revenue is still low. Scenario and sensitivity analyses revealed that human factors, i.e., the performance of the water board and response and support from the community, positively influence the sustainability of the water supply program. Additionally, the water board plays a key role in accelerating the pipe network growth. Finally, this paper argues that visualising and simulating the causal relationship and dynamic behaviour of the rural water supply program are critical for water stakeholders to better design and implement the water supply program.
D. Daniel; Julivius Prawira; Trimo Al Djono; S. Subandriyo; Arya Rezagama; Aries Purwanto. A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia. Water 2021, 13, 507 .
AMA StyleD. Daniel, Julivius Prawira, Trimo Al Djono, S. Subandriyo, Arya Rezagama, Aries Purwanto. A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia. Water. 2021; 13 (4):507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Daniel; Julivius Prawira; Trimo Al Djono; S. Subandriyo; Arya Rezagama; Aries Purwanto. 2021. "A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia." Water 13, no. 4: 507.
This paper presents knowledge gaps and critiques on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus that have emerged since the concept of the WEF nexus was proposed by the World Economic Forum and the Bonn 2011 Conference. Furthermore, this study analyses current innovations on the WEF nexus concept, applications, and impacts during the period of 2012–2020. This begins by reviewing ten WEF nexus frameworks developed by international organizations and researchers. On this basis, several gaps and omissions in nexus frameworks are obvious in almost all developed frameworks. Studies that start to address some of these gaps are analysed, but they are relatively few and do not address all gaps. Several proposed improvements to nexus frameworks are identified to narrow the gaps and put the concept into practical implementation in WEF resources management and governance. Four principles and the perspective of “from local to global” for future WEF nexus framework development and analysis are suggested to ensure that the security of water, energy, and food resources can be achieved sustainably in local communities. This will improve the impact of national and global ambitions on WEF security.
Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; Franciscus Suryadi; Charlotte Fraiture. Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1919 .
AMA StyleAries Purwanto, Janez Sušnik, Franciscus Suryadi, Charlotte Fraiture. Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; Franciscus Suryadi; Charlotte Fraiture. 2021. "Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1919.
The process of planning and evaluation for local development, especially in the critical sectors of water, energy and food (WEF) should be conducted using a holistic, integrated approach in an attempt to bring the improvement in water, energy and food security in a region. System dynamics models are one of the tools for simulation and assessment of the system-wide impacts caused by local interventions. This research develops a stock-flow diagram (SFD) of WEF security in a local context to be used in analysing the impacts of implementing three planned policy interventions in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. STELLA Professional software is employed to build the SFD and conduct simulation of the WEF security nexus, and is based on a previously developed qualitative causal loop model of the same system (the Karawang WEF security (K-WEFS) model). In the quantitative SFD, four scenarios are developed and assessed in this study; (i) population growth changes; (ii) agricultural land conversion rate changes; (iii) changes in the development of artificial ponds and solar energy; and (iv) per-capita resource consumption changes. The results show several interesting findings related to the WEF security nexus, available resources per person (APP) and self-sufficiency levels (SSL) of resources in business as usual conditions and under planned interventions. Potentially unanticipated detrimental indirect impacts of policy interventions are highlighted. This dynamic support tool could be applied in other local regions to improve the evaluation and planning process of water, energy and food sectors in a holistic manner.
Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. Quantitative simulation of the water-energy-food (WEF) security nexus in a local planning context in indonesia. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2020, 25, 198 -216.
AMA StyleAries Purwanto, Janez Sušnik, F.X. Suryadi, Charlotte de Fraiture. Quantitative simulation of the water-energy-food (WEF) security nexus in a local planning context in indonesia. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; 25 ():198-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. 2020. "Quantitative simulation of the water-energy-food (WEF) security nexus in a local planning context in indonesia." Sustainable Production and Consumption 25, no. : 198-216.
This paper develops a qualitative causal model of a water, energy, and food (WEF) security nexus system to be used in analysing the interlinkages among those and other sectors that influence and are influenced by each other in a local context. Local stakeholder engagement through a group model building (GMB) approach was applied in Karawang Regency, Indonesia, to develop the model with the goals of improving problem understanding, raising consensus among participants, and building acceptance and commitment regarding the subsequent development of a quantitative nexus model. After recognizing the issues regarding water, energy and food sectors in the study area and eliciting opinions about nexus interactions, the next stage was to build a conceptual framework to describe the nexus system and to develop an integrated causal loop diagram (CLD) that describes critical system (inter-)linkages. The developed Karawang WEF security (K-WEFS) model is composed of six sub-models with water, energy and food sectors as endogenous factors. In addition, population, economic and ecosystem services were considered as exogenous drivers of the system. It is expected that all the major internal and external factors and drivers are covered, including possible feedback mechanisms, and key variables will be analysed further in the system. The future achievement of WEF security targets can be based on robust evaluation and planning processes underpinned by thorough understanding of whole system dynamics and the impacts of changes in the linked sectors, even in a qualitative way. In this way, a first step towards breaking silo thinking in regional planning may be attained.
Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. Using group model building to develop a causal loop mapping of the water-energy-food security nexus in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 240, 118170 .
AMA StyleAries Purwanto, Janez Sušnik, F.X. Suryadi, Charlotte de Fraiture. Using group model building to develop a causal loop mapping of the water-energy-food security nexus in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 240 ():118170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. 2019. "Using group model building to develop a causal loop mapping of the water-energy-food security nexus in Karawang Regency, Indonesia." Journal of Cleaner Production 240, no. : 118170.
Water, energy, and food (WEF) related sectors are important to support people’s life in a region. Resource evaluation is one of the stages in resource management to ensure that the existence of those sectors is provided sustainably. The assessment of the agglomeration level and growth of each sector in economic development can give better insights for local stakeholders either government bodies or private firms to improve sustainable management of these sectors. The objectives of this paper are to portray the agglomeration level and recent growth of WEF related sectors in local regions in Indonesia, and to determine possible sustainable development strategies. The location quotient (LQ) and competitive position (CP) analysis methods are employed in this regard. By analysing Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) between 2000 and 2015, basic and non-basic sectors have been determined. Results show that the general characteristics of WEF related sectors in this region can be distinguished clearly based on its main economic development focus. Results show recent growth in WEF sectors locally, from which possible strategies for future sustainable development are formulated that could be considered in the evaluation and planning process. This approach can be expected to assist local government and stakeholders in undertaking preliminary evaluation, in particular the availability of WEF resources, ensuring that development meets local and national sustainable development targets.
Aries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. Determining strategies for water, energy, and food-related sectors in local economic development. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2018, 16, 162 -175.
AMA StyleAries Purwanto, Janez Sušnik, F.X. Suryadi, Charlotte de Fraiture. Determining strategies for water, energy, and food-related sectors in local economic development. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2018; 16 ():162-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAries Purwanto; Janez Sušnik; F.X. Suryadi; Charlotte de Fraiture. 2018. "Determining strategies for water, energy, and food-related sectors in local economic development." Sustainable Production and Consumption 16, no. : 162-175.
Water, energy and food are the most crucial sectors to be developed due to its importance for human life. The availability, accessibility, and quality of those three commodities have to be ensured for the whole people in a region. This research was conducted to study the existence of water, energy and food related sector compare with other sectors in West Java Province by using one of economic base approaches so called Location Quotient (LQ) method. By analysing gross regional domestic products (GRDP) year 2011-2015 at constant 2010 market prices, basic and non-basic sectors have been determined. The results show how the static and dynamic location quotient (SLQ & DLQ) analysis were effective to figure out general situation and characteristic of basic and non-basic sector in this region. This composite approach is expected to assist local government and stakeholders in undertaking preliminary evaluation in particularly water, energy and food sectors evaluation to improve their security. Furthermore, water, energy, and food related sectors mostly in quadrant III and IV, indicating that serious actions have to be taken particularly by local government to improve production of those basic commodities. Integrated measures are expected to maintain their availability in the forthcoming years.
Aries Purwanto. Economic Base Analysis of Water-Energy-Food Sectors Using Location Quotient Techniques: A Case of West Java Province. Creative Research Journal 2018, 3, 73 -90.
AMA StyleAries Purwanto. Economic Base Analysis of Water-Energy-Food Sectors Using Location Quotient Techniques: A Case of West Java Province. Creative Research Journal. 2018; 3 (2):73-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAries Purwanto. 2018. "Economic Base Analysis of Water-Energy-Food Sectors Using Location Quotient Techniques: A Case of West Java Province." Creative Research Journal 3, no. 2: 73-90.