This paper provides a structured literature review of the negative economic effects associated with the development of wind energy and synthesized the evidence at an abstract level. We then developed an analytical framework to systematically review economic issues such as volatility, electricity price, housing values, and unemployment in relation to wind energy. Global wind energy development data from the time period from 2000 through 2019 were included for a more robust analysis. This period encompasses the vast majority of total global installed wind energy capacity. After amalgamating evidence from existing studies and data banks, we discuss the policy implications, suggest avenues for future research, and propose solutions to mitigate externalities. By understanding the negative economic impact created by the expansion of wind energy, we can better equip policy makers and developers to create more efficient and sustainable energy policy to benefit citizens and preserve the environment for generations to come.

Airport digitalization has revolutionized service delivery at passenger touchpoints, which leads to sustainable passenger loyalty. However, it is critical to determine whether this rapid transition to digital services genuinely enhances passenger satisfaction with airport services. This study uses a mixed-method approach to identify key traditional and technology-driven information services in smart airports. The specific aim is to determine the optimal balance in which digital technologies can effectively replace human-provided services to establish sustainable passenger loyalty. Two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with panels of 23 and 21 experts, followed by an online Kano survey with 401 international passengers. The Delphi analysis identified 16 key information service attributes, while the Kano analysis revealed that the majority of technology-based services were attractive and positively influenced passenger satisfaction. By contrast, human-based services were mostly indifferent, although some were vital for boosting satisfaction and preventing dissatisfaction. These results advance the current airport service research and provide practical insights into optimizing passenger experiences through the strategic integration of technology for sustainable smart airports while maintaining essential human-provided services.

This paper quantifies the long-term impact of wind energy development on electricity prices across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in the United States. Our data set is made up of state level panel data from 2000 through 2018. This time period covers the vast majority of total wind energy capacity installed in the history of the USA. Our econometric model accounts for the primary factors that influence electricity prices, incorporating both fixed effects and general method of moments in order to more precisely isolate the effect of wind energy. The empirical results conclude that wind energy is positively and significantly related to electricity prices across all sectors, as indicated by the higher average electricity prices in states with higher percentages of wind energy. The price increase is largest in the industrial sector, followed by commercial, then residential. Wind turbine technology has become significantly more efficient, but the technical gains have been offset by the increased indirect costs of incorporating wind energy into the grid. Transmission and balancing costs have increased the final price to consumers. Our results highlight the need to view wind energy development from a more holistic perspective that accounts for structural and systemic costs. This will ensure the continued growth of wind energy. These results provide relevant insight to help wind energy developers, policy makers, and utility companies build a more sustainable energy future.

It has been widely perceived in South Korea that the rise in a woman's income is negative for her childbirth. This study tries to verify the hypothesis empirically because the Korean government initiated the basic plan for low fertility in 2006 and has constantly strengthened work–family balance policy since then. Our analysis using a household annual data over 18 years, 1999–2016, indicates that married women's economic power relates positively to childbirth for the period after 2006. We also find that the higher birth likelihood among top income quartile women is largely attributed to their better accessibility to maternity protection benefits. These findings imply that the government's efforts to support work–family balance have been successful to a certain extent. However, the benefits remain limited only to high-income women.