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Prof. Insin Kim
Pusan National University

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0 Sustainable Tourism
0 Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
0 Pro-environmental behavior

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Sustainable Tourism
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Pro-environmental behavior

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Journal article
Published: 11 July 2021 in Current Issues in Tourism
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The conceptual framework linking the three-dimensional construct of parasocial interaction, emotional attachment and online travel community behaviour has been examined. The structural relationships based on responses from 376 online travel community members have been analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). It was found that identification with members and problem-solving ability have positive effects on emotional attachment, which in turn influences willingness to provide information and behavioural changes. The influence of emotional attachment on willingness to provide information has been moderated by age. This research has provided important insights into the management of an online travel community.

ACS Style

Insin Kim; Joonhyeong Joseph Kim. Emotional attachment, age and online travel community behaviour: the role of parasocial interaction. Current Issues in Tourism 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Insin Kim, Joonhyeong Joseph Kim. Emotional attachment, age and online travel community behaviour: the role of parasocial interaction. Current Issues in Tourism. 2021; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Insin Kim; Joonhyeong Joseph Kim. 2021. "Emotional attachment, age and online travel community behaviour: the role of parasocial interaction." Current Issues in Tourism , no. : 1-23.

Research article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
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This study aimed to understand how tourists’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB) can be promoted in natural walking trails. Specifically, this study examined the links among place attachment, place-specific PEB, and general PEB in everyday life, and the effects of power on PEB. Using data collected from 273 walking tourists, the results of structural equation modeling revealed place identity, nature bonding, social bonding, and general PEB directly affecting place-specific PEB. In addition, power was found to have a direct effect on only general PEB. These results demonstrate the importance of focusing affective strategies and providing effective infrastructure to promote tourists’ environmental practices.

ACS Style

Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim. Sustainability of nature walking trails: predicting walking tourists’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 2021, 26, 748 -767.

AMA Style

Sooyoung Choi, Insin Kim. Sustainability of nature walking trails: predicting walking tourists’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 2021; 26 (7):748-767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim. 2021. "Sustainability of nature walking trails: predicting walking tourists’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviors." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 26, no. 7: 748-767.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In the environment in which an increasing number of older travelers are participating in online tourism platforms, for older travelers who face multiple barriers in using e-commerce, it is essential to identify factors promoting older travelers’ website usage for their well-being and sustainable travel industry. This study aims to identify the key factors of website atmosphere for enhancing older travelers’ familiarity, investigate the relationship between older adults’ website familiarity and revisit intention, and test the moderating role of cognitive age. A web-based survey was conducted, and the sample consisted of 305 US residents 50 years of age and older who had experienced travel websites. The results indicated that three subdimensions of older travelers’ website familiarity—informativeness, effectiveness, and entertainment—positively influence their website familiarity. Additionally, the impact of informativeness on website familiarity is stronger for travelers who identify as younger than their chronological age. Moreover, older travelers’ familiarity with a website improves their revisit intention. The current study found not only significant travel website atmosphere factors to boost older travelers’ participation in online tourism platforms but also significant older travelers’ groups depending on their cognitive age perception to magnify the effect of website atmosphere.

ACS Style

Soojung Kim; Yahua Bi; Insin Kim. Travel Website Atmospheres Inducing Older Travelers’ Familiarity: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4812 .

AMA Style

Soojung Kim, Yahua Bi, Insin Kim. Travel Website Atmospheres Inducing Older Travelers’ Familiarity: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4812.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soojung Kim; Yahua Bi; Insin Kim. 2021. "Travel Website Atmospheres Inducing Older Travelers’ Familiarity: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4812.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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The study applied the concept of parasocial interaction (PSI) to TV programs to identify whether it triggers a young audience's travel intentions. Although viewing documentary series that induce interests in different local cultures can lead to intentions to visit the featured destinations, the psychological mechanism underlying audiences' travel intentions has not been established. The current study's purposes were to investigate the viewing motives that enhance audiences' PSI with television programming that introduces local cultures, examine the relationships among audiences' PSI, perceived well-being, and travel intentions, and test whether perceived well-being mediates the link from PSI to travel intentions. Based on the survey data from 381 undergraduate students who have viewed a Chinese documentary program, A Bite of China, the hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that three viewing motives (entertainment, information, and relaxation) of the four dimensions predicted audiences' PSI, which, in turn, enhanced their perceived well-being and travel intentions. Additionally, the data confirmed audiences' perceived well-being mediates the effect of PSI on travel intentions.

ACS Style

Yahua Bi; Jie Yin; Insin Kim. Fostering a young audience's media-induced travel intentions: The role of parasocial interactions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2021, 47, 398 -407.

AMA Style

Yahua Bi, Jie Yin, Insin Kim. Fostering a young audience's media-induced travel intentions: The role of parasocial interactions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2021; 47 ():398-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahua Bi; Jie Yin; Insin Kim. 2021. "Fostering a young audience's media-induced travel intentions: The role of parasocial interactions." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47, no. : 398-407.

Research article
Published: 21 April 2021 in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation
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Airline companies have implemented cause related marketing (CRM) to contribute to sustainable development and gain competitive advantage in the market providing identical services and products. This study thus aims to understand customers’ perception of airline CRM and its effect on their loyalty. Empirical research was conducted on data collected from 443 travelers on US-based full service airlines that participate in charitable donation and analyzed using the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-based program, PROCESS. The results revealed brand attitude’s significant mediating role and brand consciousness’s moderating role in building customer loyalty. The identification of an important moderated mediating function by combining mediation of brand attitude with moderation of brand consciousness expands the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research in the airline context. Moreover, this study suggests that airlines encourage passengers to being involved in CRM in order to benefit both the nonprofit organizations and the brand itself through building customer loyalty.

ACS Style

Soojung Kim; Jinju Jang; Insin Kim. The role of passengers’ involvement in cause related marketing: Moderated mediation effects of brand attitude and brand consciousness in the airline industry. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2021, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Soojung Kim, Jinju Jang, Insin Kim. The role of passengers’ involvement in cause related marketing: Moderated mediation effects of brand attitude and brand consciousness in the airline industry. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soojung Kim; Jinju Jang; Insin Kim. 2021. "The role of passengers’ involvement in cause related marketing: Moderated mediation effects of brand attitude and brand consciousness in the airline industry." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , no. : 1-22.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In a restaurant industry, dysfunctional customer behavior damages customer-contact service employees’ mental health which may lead to employee defection. This study examined the effects of dysfunctional customer behavior on service employees’ service sabotage which is a mechanisms for protecting themselves from outside pressures. Additionally, it determined if emotional exhaustion plays a mediating role in the relationship between dysfunctional customer behavior and employees’ service sabotage and verified the moderating role of social support. The proposed model was tested empirically using the data from 329 restaurant customer-contact service employees in South Korea. The results indicated that dysfunctional customer behavior increased the incidence of employees’ service sabotage. Moreover, emotional exhaustion was a significant mediator in the link from dysfunctional customer behavior to employees’ service sabotage. In addition, social support moderated the effects of dysfunctional customer behavior on service sabotage. This study provides insights into the effects of dysfunctional customer behavior and methods of supporting employees socially.

ACS Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Yekyoung Yoo; Insin Kim. Dysfunctional Customer Behavior, Employee Service Sabotage, and Sustainability: Can Social Support Make a Difference? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3628 .

AMA Style

Jinsoo Hwang, Yekyoung Yoo, Insin Kim. Dysfunctional Customer Behavior, Employee Service Sabotage, and Sustainability: Can Social Support Make a Difference? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Yekyoung Yoo; Insin Kim. 2021. "Dysfunctional Customer Behavior, Employee Service Sabotage, and Sustainability: Can Social Support Make a Difference?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3628.

Research article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing
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The purpose of the current study was to understand how to effectively manage perceived risks in the context of robotic restaurants. In order to test the research model, which included 11 hypotheses, this study collected 419 samples in South Korea. The results of the PCA showed that there were five types of perceived risks. In addition, all five perceived risks had negative impacts on attitude, which positively affected intentions to use, word-of-mouth intentions, and willingness to pay more. Lastly, product involvement played an important moderating role in the relationship between attitude and willingness to pay more.

ACS Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Heather (Markham) Kim; Jinkyung Jenny Kim; Insin Kim. Investigation of perceived risks and their outcome variables in the context of robotic restaurants. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2021, 38, 263 -281.

AMA Style

Jinsoo Hwang, Heather (Markham) Kim, Jinkyung Jenny Kim, Insin Kim. Investigation of perceived risks and their outcome variables in the context of robotic restaurants. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 2021; 38 (3):263-281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Heather (Markham) Kim; Jinkyung Jenny Kim; Insin Kim. 2021. "Investigation of perceived risks and their outcome variables in the context of robotic restaurants." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 38, no. 3: 263-281.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2021 in Sustainability
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In service industries such as restaurants, abusive customer (jay-customer) behaviors may evoke emotional exhaustion and burnout in frontline employees, threatening job satisfaction as well as sustainable management in the hospitality industry. Therefore, there is a need to identify whether (and to what degree) such customer behaviors stress frontline employees enough to affect their mental health, which may lead to employee turnover. To understand jay-customer behaviors in a restaurant setting, this study investigated the factors of jay-customer behaviors that induce job stress and decrease job satisfaction. Additionally, the moderating effect of empowerment was tested to see whether employee empowerment decreases the stress caused by jay-customer behaviors. Data collected from 302 restaurant employees from several cities in South Korea were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The study results demonstrate that three types of jay-customer behaviors (verbal abuse, physical abuse, and sexual harassment) are directly related to frontline employees’ job stress, which in turn, reduces job satisfaction. A moderating effect of empowerment on the relationship between verbal abuse and job stress is found. The results of this study suggest a conceptual model for understanding the process in which jay-customers negatively influence the frontline employees, threatening employee well-being, and they provide valuable implications for the restaurant industry, which can help develop strategies to improve employee welfare and provide better customer management.

ACS Style

Yahua Bi; Sooyoung Choi; Jie Yin; Insin Kim. Stress on Frontline Employees from Customer Aggression in the Restaurant Industry: The Moderating Effect of Empowerment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1433 .

AMA Style

Yahua Bi, Sooyoung Choi, Jie Yin, Insin Kim. Stress on Frontline Employees from Customer Aggression in the Restaurant Industry: The Moderating Effect of Empowerment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahua Bi; Sooyoung Choi; Jie Yin; Insin Kim. 2021. "Stress on Frontline Employees from Customer Aggression in the Restaurant Industry: The Moderating Effect of Empowerment." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1433.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Tourism demand is severely affected by unpredicted events, which has prompted scholars to examine ways of predicting the effects of positive and negative shocks on tourism, to ensure a sustainable tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate if non-linear dependence structures exist between tourist flows into South Korea from five major source countries, as South Korea has undergone fluctuations in tourist arrivals due to diverse circumstances and has complex relations with tourism source countries. Additionally, the study examines the structures of extreme tail dependence, which is indicated in the case of unexpected events, and identifies how co-movements vary over time through dynamic copula–GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) tests. The secondary time series data for the 2005–2019 period of tourist arrivals to Korea were derived from the Korea Tourism Knowledge and Information System for testing the copula models. The copula estimations indicate significant dependencies among all market pairs as well as the strongest dependence between China and Taiwan. Moreover, extreme tail dependence structures show co-movements for four pairs of tourism markets in only negative shocks, for five pairs in both positive and negative conditions, but no co-movement in the China–Taiwan pair. Finally, the dynamic dependence structures reveal that the China–Taiwan dependence is higher than the other time-varying dependence structures, implying that the two markets complement each other.

ACS Style

Ki-Hong Choi; Insin Kim. Co-Movement between Tourist Arrivals of Inbound Tourism Markets in South Korea: Applying the Dynamic Copula Method Using Secondary Time Series Data. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1283 .

AMA Style

Ki-Hong Choi, Insin Kim. Co-Movement between Tourist Arrivals of Inbound Tourism Markets in South Korea: Applying the Dynamic Copula Method Using Secondary Time Series Data. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ki-Hong Choi; Insin Kim. 2021. "Co-Movement between Tourist Arrivals of Inbound Tourism Markets in South Korea: Applying the Dynamic Copula Method Using Secondary Time Series Data." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1283.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2020 in International Journal of Hospitality Management
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This study aims to identify how behavioral intentions are formed in the context of drone food delivery services using the moderating role before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. A conceptual model including eight hypotheses was developed and tested based on the data of two consumer samples, one collected before and the other after the outbreak of COVID-19. The data analysis results showed that perceived innovativeness positively affects attitude. In addition, the attitude, the subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive influence on behavioral intentions. Lastly, the outbreak of COVID-19 played a moderating role in the relationship between the attitude and behavioral intentions.

ACS Style

Jinkyung Jenny Kim; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang. A change of perceived innovativeness for contactless food delivery services using drones after the outbreak of COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2020, 93, 102758 .

AMA Style

Jinkyung Jenny Kim, Insin Kim, Jinsoo Hwang. A change of perceived innovativeness for contactless food delivery services using drones after the outbreak of COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2020; 93 ():102758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinkyung Jenny Kim; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang. 2020. "A change of perceived innovativeness for contactless food delivery services using drones after the outbreak of COVID-19." International Journal of Hospitality Management 93, no. : 102758.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Although innovative robotic technology plays an important role in the restaurant industry, there is not much research on it. Thus, this study tried to identify how to form behavioral intentions using the concept of perceived innovativeness in the context of robotic restaurants for the first time. A research model comprising 12 hypotheses is evaluated using structural equation modeling based on a sample of 418 subjects in South Korea. The data analysis results show that perceived innovativeness is an important predictor of the customers’ attitude, which in turn has a significant effect on desire. In addition, desire exerts a positive influence on intentions to use and willingness to pay more. Lastly, perceived risk moderates the relationships between (1) desire and intentions to use and (2) desire and willingness to pay more. Based on the above statistical results, important theoretical and managerial implications are presented.

ACS Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Kwang-Woo Lee; Dohyung Kim; Insin Kim. Robotic Restaurant Marketing Strategies in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Focusing on Perceived Innovativeness. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9165 .

AMA Style

Jinsoo Hwang, Kwang-Woo Lee, Dohyung Kim, Insin Kim. Robotic Restaurant Marketing Strategies in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Focusing on Perceived Innovativeness. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Kwang-Woo Lee; Dohyung Kim; Insin Kim. 2020. "Robotic Restaurant Marketing Strategies in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Focusing on Perceived Innovativeness." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9165.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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This study was designed to understand the role of motivated consumer innovativeness in the context of a robotic restaurant. More specifically, this study proposed that four sub-dimensions of motivated consumer innovativeness (i.e. functionally, hedonically, cognitively, and socially motivated consumer innovativeness) have a positive influence on the overall image of a robotic restaurant. In addition, it hypothesized that overall image plays a significant role in the formation of word-of-mouth intentions. Lastly, it proposed that product knowledge moderates the relationship between overall image and word-of-mouth intentions. In order to test six hypotheses, 427 respondents were collected using an online survey in South Korea. The data analysis results show that the proposed sub-dimensions of motivated consumer innovativeness, except for socially motivated consumer innovativeness, positively affect overall image, which in turn has a positive influence on word-of-mouth intentions. In addition, the results of data analysis indicate that product knowledge plays a moderating role in the relationship between overall image and word-of-mouth intentions.

ACS Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Seulgi Park; Insin Kim. Understanding motivated consumer innovativeness in the context of a robotic restaurant: The moderating role of product knowledge. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2020, 44, 272 -282.

AMA Style

Jinsoo Hwang, Seulgi Park, Insin Kim. Understanding motivated consumer innovativeness in the context of a robotic restaurant: The moderating role of product knowledge. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2020; 44 ():272-282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinsoo Hwang; Seulgi Park; Insin Kim. 2020. "Understanding motivated consumer innovativeness in the context of a robotic restaurant: The moderating role of product knowledge." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 44, no. : 272-282.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Sustainability
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This study examines the extent of game exhibition visitors’ perceptions of innovativeness through service quality and investigates the relationships between innovativeness and visitors’ citizenship behavior, which are the more active behaviors compared with loyalty in game exhibitions. Data were collected from game exhibition visitors participating in Game Show & Trading, All-Round (G-STAR), one of the largest international exhibitions supporting the game industry in South Korea. The results reveal that all three service quality dimensions were important antecedents of innovativeness. The results also verify that innovativeness has positive effects on citizenship behavior toward other visitors and G-STAR, and membership positively moderates the relationship between innovativeness and citizenship behavior toward other visitors. These results suggest that a conceptual model for understanding the dynamic effects of the relationships between service quality, innovativeness, and visitors’ citizenship behavior can be constructed and can contribute to managing sustainable exhibitions in the game industry.

ACS Style

Sooyoung Choi; Young-Joo Ahn; Insin Kim. The Roles of Perceived Innovativeness in Creating Visitors’ Citizenship Behaviors at an International Game Exhibition. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Sooyoung Choi, Young-Joo Ahn, Insin Kim. The Roles of Perceived Innovativeness in Creating Visitors’ Citizenship Behaviors at an International Game Exhibition. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sooyoung Choi; Young-Joo Ahn; Insin Kim. 2020. "The Roles of Perceived Innovativeness in Creating Visitors’ Citizenship Behaviors at an International Game Exhibition." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Environmental issues (i.e., food safety and environmental pollution) have increased concerns about individuals’ health as well as global environment. These concerns drive awareness for the influences of healthy foods, and eventually lead them to visit healthy food exhibitions. This research aims to understand the attendees’ motives for participating in a healthy food exhibition. Specific objectives are to identify crucial visitors’ motives influencing satisfaction with the healthy food exhibition and to verify whether visitors’ satisfaction with the exhibition enhances their memory for the experience in the exhibition. The survey was conducted by targeting visitors who participated in the Busan International Food Expo, and the data collected from 363 attendees were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical programs. The analysis results revealed that three dimensions of healthy food exhibition motives, namely perceived healthiness, perceived hedonism and perceived food safety, increase visitors’ satisfaction with the healthy food exhibition, and that satisfaction with the healthy food exhibition further had a positive impact on the visitors’ memory for the exhibition experience.

ACS Style

Yahua Bi; Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim. Visitors’ Motives for Attending a Healthy Food Exhibition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2703 .

AMA Style

Yahua Bi, Sooyoung Choi, Insin Kim. Visitors’ Motives for Attending a Healthy Food Exhibition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahua Bi; Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim. 2020. "Visitors’ Motives for Attending a Healthy Food Exhibition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2703.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Commercial complexes are steadily expanding in size and function and plying roles as quasi-public spaces. This study investigated quasi-public spaces in contemporary commercial complexes by posting two questions: the physical features of quasi-public spaces in commercial complexes and how these characteristics promote sociability in commercial complexes? To answers these questions, a questionnaire survey was administered, and various observations were made in Intime City, Wanda Plaza and Western City Square, three prominent commercial complexes in Hangzhou City (Zhejiang Province, China), to enrich the analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the collected data. The results show that commercial complexes are also used as quasi-public spaces: they provide a more secure and well-maintained environment, playful conversations take place freely and democratically, promote socialization, and also increase consumption. In the existing literature, there is a dearth of theoretical and empirical studies on the emergence of quasi-public spaces.

ACS Style

Noman Sahito; Haoying Han; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Arif Jameel. Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1830 .

AMA Style

Noman Sahito, Haoying Han, Thuy Van Thi Nguyen, Insin Kim, Jinsoo Hwang, Arif Jameel. Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Sahito; Haoying Han; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Arif Jameel. 2020. "Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1830.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2020 in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Airlines have developed charitable cause sponsorship programs in association with environmental and/or social causes. The aim of this study is to understand airline passengers’ perception of two-dimensional congruence as measured by the relevancy and expectancy between airline sponsorship programs and associated airlines. Specifically, this study investigates the effect of bidimensional congruence on the perceived benefits of such programs, which in turn lead to satisfaction. Additionally, this study examines the influence of satisfaction on resistance to negative information. In doing so, this study examines the postulated relationships based on 446 respondents who flew with US-based airlines and were conscious of the environmental and/or social cause sponsorship programs. The results show a positive association of both relevancy and expectancy with perceived benefits, which, in turn, leads to satisfaction. The data also confirm the positive influence of satisfaction on resistance to negative information, which is particularly the case for consumers with high give value.

ACS Style

Joonhyeong Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim. Congruent charitable cause sponsorship effect: Air travelers’ perceived benefits, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2020, 42, 190 -198.

AMA Style

Joonhyeong Kim, Jinsoo Hwang, Insin Kim. Congruent charitable cause sponsorship effect: Air travelers’ perceived benefits, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2020; 42 ():190-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joonhyeong Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim. 2020. "Congruent charitable cause sponsorship effect: Air travelers’ perceived benefits, satisfaction and behavioral intention." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 42, no. : 190-198.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2020 in Sustainability
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The research aims to examine what service convenience factors drive customer satisfaction in travel websites from the perspective of older travelers, and if older travelers’ satisfaction enhances e-loyalty. Additionally, drawing on socioemotional selectivity theory, this study argues that the social presence in travel websites plays a significant moderating role in increasing older travelers’ satisfaction. To empirically verify the conceptual model, an online survey was conducted targeting older travelers aged over 50 in the USA who have purchased products via travel websites. The data from 308 older travelers were analyzed, and the results revealed four dimensions of service convenience positively influence satisfaction. Unexpectedly, access convenience and transaction convenience do not influence older travelers’ satisfaction. The older travelers’ satisfaction with travel websites has a positive impact on e-loyalty. Additionally, social presence amplifies the effect of post-purchase convenience on satisfaction. The current research makes a significant contribution to understanding older travelers’ perceptions and behaviors for using e-commerce service in the field of tourism and provides practitioners with effective ways to attract older travelers for sustainable management of travel websites.

ACS Style

Yahua Bi; Insin Kim. Older Travelers’ E-Loyalty: The Roles of Service Convenience and Social Presence in Travel Websites. Sustainability 2020, 12, 410 .

AMA Style

Yahua Bi, Insin Kim. Older Travelers’ E-Loyalty: The Roles of Service Convenience and Social Presence in Travel Websites. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahua Bi; Insin Kim. 2020. "Older Travelers’ E-Loyalty: The Roles of Service Convenience and Social Presence in Travel Websites." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 410.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to identify the key success factors of medical tourism using the case of South Korea. Medical tourism refers to the phenomenon of travelling across national borders intentionally to access a variety of medical treatments, especially modern medical treatment. Through conducting semi-structure face-to-face in-depth interviews with the service suppliers of Korean medical tourism, it was discovered that Korean medical tourism has been facilitated by the effect of Hallyu and advanced Korean brand power. More importantly, tourism activities for companions and extra support for patients’ convenience are identified as important success factors of Korean medical tourism, suggesting that the medical tourism industry not only includes medical services but also involves tourism perspectives, supporting the patient and their companions to stay in a comfortable and pleasurable environment. This study generated results which are valuable for both academic and industry perspectives, as this is a field which has not been extensively researched. Medical tourism representatives in other countries can consult these findings to develop the industry.

ACS Style

Soojung Kim; Charles Arcodia; Insin Kim. Critical Success Factors of Medical Tourism: The Case of South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4964 .

AMA Style

Soojung Kim, Charles Arcodia, Insin Kim. Critical Success Factors of Medical Tourism: The Case of South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):4964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soojung Kim; Charles Arcodia; Insin Kim. 2019. "Critical Success Factors of Medical Tourism: The Case of South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4964.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Though community empowerment and sustainable tourism development (STD) have been discussed in the existing literature, little research has focused on the elaborate mechanisms between these two variables. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between community empowerment and STD, along with the mediating role played by community support for tourism. Using social exchange theory, this research establishes theoretical relationships between vital variables for STD. A survey of empirical study was undertaken, and data were collected from 353 local residents in the northern area of Pakistan. The results for data analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between community empowerment and STD initiatives, and community support for tourism was shown to partially mediate the relationship between the two variables. The findings imply that high community empowerment enables the community to establish successful sustainable tourism development through local people’s support for tourism. This study contributes theoretically to identifying the idea that community members’ support for tourism has a crucial function bridging the link from community empowerment to sustain tourism in a local area.

ACS Style

Shahrukh Khalid; Muhammad Shakil Ahmad; T. Ramayah; Jinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim. Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6248 .

AMA Style

Shahrukh Khalid, Muhammad Shakil Ahmad, T. Ramayah, Jinsoo Hwang, Insin Kim. Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahrukh Khalid; Muhammad Shakil Ahmad; T. Ramayah; Jinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim. 2019. "Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6248.

Articles
Published: 05 September 2019 in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing
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This study explores whether, through parasocial interaction (PSI), trust in other travel community users drives travelers’ satisfaction with those communities as well as their travel experiences. It further examines the moderating effect of the quantity of contact with the communities. A total of 334 responses from travel community users were collected in South Korea. The results suggest all trust dimensions (competence, benevolence, and honesty) are significant in developing PSI, predicting community satisfaction and travel satisfaction, while quantity of contact has a positive moderating effect only on the relationship between PSI and travel satisfaction. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

ACS Style

Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim; Kyungsoo Cha; Yong-Kun Suh; Keun-Hyung Kim. Travelers’ parasocial interactions in online travel communities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2019, 36, 888 -904.

AMA Style

Sooyoung Choi, Insin Kim, Kyungsoo Cha, Yong-Kun Suh, Keun-Hyung Kim. Travelers’ parasocial interactions in online travel communities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 2019; 36 (8):888-904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sooyoung Choi; Insin Kim; Kyungsoo Cha; Yong-Kun Suh; Keun-Hyung Kim. 2019. "Travelers’ parasocial interactions in online travel communities." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 36, no. 8: 888-904.