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Angela Ricci
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy

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Review
Published: 31 July 2020 in Plants
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Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.

ACS Style

Angela Ricci; Silvia Sabbadini; Humberto Prieto; Isabel Mg Padilla; Chris Dardick; Zhijian Li; Ralph Scorza; Cecilia Limera; Bruno Mezzetti; Margarita Perez-Jimenez; Lorenzo Burgos; Cesar Petri. Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward. Plants 2020, 9, 971 .

AMA Style

Angela Ricci, Silvia Sabbadini, Humberto Prieto, Isabel Mg Padilla, Chris Dardick, Zhijian Li, Ralph Scorza, Cecilia Limera, Bruno Mezzetti, Margarita Perez-Jimenez, Lorenzo Burgos, Cesar Petri. Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Ricci; Silvia Sabbadini; Humberto Prieto; Isabel Mg Padilla; Chris Dardick; Zhijian Li; Ralph Scorza; Cecilia Limera; Bruno Mezzetti; Margarita Perez-Jimenez; Lorenzo Burgos; Cesar Petri. 2020. "Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward." Plants 9, no. 8: 971.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2020 in Plants
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In the present study, an efficient system for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from the peach rootstock Hansen 536 leaves has been established. Twenty regeneration media containing McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as a basal salt supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were tested. Expanded leaves along with their petiole from 3-week-old elongated in vitro shoot cultures were used as starting explants. The highest regeneration rate (up to 53%) was obtained on WPM basal medium enriched with 15.5 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The influences on leaf regeneration of the ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS) and of different combinations of antibiotics added to the optimized regeneration medium were also investigated. The use of 10 μM STS or carbenicillin (238 mM) combined with cefotaxime (210 μM) significantly increased the average number of regenerating shoots per leaf compared to the control. In vitro shoots were finally elongated, rooted and successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The results achieved in this study advances the knowledge on factors affecting leaf organogenesis in Prunus spp., and the regeneration protocol described looks promising for the optimization of new genetic transformation procedures in Hansen 536 and other peach rootstocks and cultivars.

ACS Style

Angela Ricci; Luca Capriotti; Bruno Mezzetti; Oriano Navacchi; Silvia Sabbadini. Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536. Plants 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Angela Ricci, Luca Capriotti, Bruno Mezzetti, Oriano Navacchi, Silvia Sabbadini. Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Ricci; Luca Capriotti; Bruno Mezzetti; Oriano Navacchi; Silvia Sabbadini. 2020. "Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536." Plants 9, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2019 in Plants
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Prunus spp. is one of the most recalcitrant fruit tree species in terms of in vitro regeneration and transformation, mostly when mature tissues are used as explants. The present study describes the in vitro regeneration via indirect organogenesis, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the peach rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) through the use of meristematic bulks (MBs) as starting explants. Efficient adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained when Hansen 536 MBs were cultured on an optimized medium consisting of modified McCown Woody Plant medium (WPM) enriched with 4.4 M 6-Benzyladenine (BA), 0.1 M 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6.0 g L−1 plant agar S1000 (B&V). MB slices were used later as starting explants for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to introduce an RNAi construct “ihp35S-PPV194” against PPV virus. Transgenic events were identified by both green fluorescent protein (GFP) screening and kanamycin selection at different concentrations (0, 17 or 42 M). GFP-fluorescent proliferating callus lines were selected and confirmed to stably express the ihp35S-PPV194::eGFP gene construct by molecular analysis. Although shoot regeneration from these transgenic calli has not been obtained yet, this represents one of the few examples of successful attempts in peach genetic transformation from somatic tissues, and also serves as a useful in vitro system for future gene functional analysis in peach.

ACS Style

Silvia Sabbadini; Angela Ricci; Cecilia Limera; Dania Baldoni; Luca Capriotti; Bruno Mezzetti. Factors Affecting the Regeneration, via Organogenesis, and the Selection of Transgenic Calli in the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) to Express an RNAi Construct against PPV Virus. Plants 2019, 8, 178 .

AMA Style

Silvia Sabbadini, Angela Ricci, Cecilia Limera, Dania Baldoni, Luca Capriotti, Bruno Mezzetti. Factors Affecting the Regeneration, via Organogenesis, and the Selection of Transgenic Calli in the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) to Express an RNAi Construct against PPV Virus. Plants. 2019; 8 (6):178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Sabbadini; Angela Ricci; Cecilia Limera; Dania Baldoni; Luca Capriotti; Bruno Mezzetti. 2019. "Factors Affecting the Regeneration, via Organogenesis, and the Selection of Transgenic Calli in the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) to Express an RNAi Construct against PPV Virus." Plants 8, no. 6: 178.