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Efaq Noman
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, 00967, Yemen

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Review
Published: 01 July 2021 in Chemosphere
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Millions of litters of multifarious wastewater are directly disposed into the environment annually to reduce the processing costs leading to eutrophication and destroying the clean water sources. The bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have recently received significant attention from researchers due to their ability to convert waste into energy and their high efficiency of wastewater treatment. However, most of the performed researches of the BESs have focused on energy generation, which created a literature gap on the utilization of BESs for wastewater treatment. The review highlights this gap from various aspects, including the BESs trends, fundamentals, applications, and mechanisms. A different review approach has followed in the present work using a bibliometric review (BR) which defined the literature gap of BESs publications in the degradation process section and linked the systematic review (SR) with it to prove and review the finding systematically. The degradation mechanisms of the BESs have been illustrated comprehensively in the current work, and various suggestions have been provided for supporting future studies and cooperation.

ACS Style

Mohammed Al-Sahari; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Mohamed; Efaq Noman; M. Naushad; Mohd Baharudin Rizuan; Dai-Viet N. Vo; Norli Ismail. Green approach and strategies for wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review of fundamental concepts, applications, mechanism, and future trends. Chemosphere 2021, 131373 .

AMA Style

Mohammed Al-Sahari, Adel Al-Gheethi, Radin Mohamed, Efaq Noman, M. Naushad, Mohd Baharudin Rizuan, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Norli Ismail. Green approach and strategies for wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review of fundamental concepts, applications, mechanism, and future trends. Chemosphere. 2021; ():131373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Al-Sahari; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Mohamed; Efaq Noman; M. Naushad; Mohd Baharudin Rizuan; Dai-Viet N. Vo; Norli Ismail. 2021. "Green approach and strategies for wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review of fundamental concepts, applications, mechanism, and future trends." Chemosphere , no. : 131373.

Review
Published: 30 May 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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The promising feature of the fungi from the marine environment as a source for anticancer agents belongs to the fungal ability to produce several compounds and enzymes which contribute effectively against the cancer cells growth. L-asparaginase acts by degrading the asparagine which is the main substance of cancer cells. Moreover, the compounds produced during the secondary metabolic process acts by changing the cell morphology and DNA fragmentation leading to apoptosis of the cancer cells. The current review has analyed the available information on the anticancer activity of the fungi based on the data extracted from the Scopus database. The systematic and bibliometric analysis revealed many of the properties available for the fungi to be the best candidate as a source of anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin, actinomycin, and flavonoids are among the primary chemical drug used for cancer treatment. In comparison, the most anticancer compounds producing fungi are Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus A. oryzae, A. flavus, A. versicolor, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, P. chrysogenum, and P. polonicum and have been used for investigating the anticancer activity against the uterine cervix, pancreatic cancer, ovary, breast, colon, and colorectal cancer.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Muhanna Al-Shaibani; Muhammed Bakhrebah; Reyad Almoheer; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Radin Mohamed; Yaaser Almulaiky; Wesam Abdulaal. Potential of Anti-Cancer Activity of Secondary Metabolic Products from Marine Fungi. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 436 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Muhanna Al-Shaibani, Muhammed Bakhrebah, Reyad Almoheer, Mohammed Al-Sahari, Adel Al-Gheethi, Radin Radin Mohamed, Yaaser Almulaiky, Wesam Abdulaal. Potential of Anti-Cancer Activity of Secondary Metabolic Products from Marine Fungi. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Muhanna Al-Shaibani; Muhammed Bakhrebah; Reyad Almoheer; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Radin Mohamed; Yaaser Almulaiky; Wesam Abdulaal. 2021. "Potential of Anti-Cancer Activity of Secondary Metabolic Products from Marine Fungi." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 436.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Azo dyes including C. I. Basic Brown 16 (BB16) are one of the coloured organic compounds that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The current work aims to optimise the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution using durian (Durio zibethinus murray) shell as a low-cost green adsorbent. Durian shell was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimised with response surface methodology (RSM) based on pH (4–8), time (30–240 min), durian shell dosage (0.1–1.0 g/L) and initial concentration of C.I BB16 (10–20 ppm). The removal efficiency was determined based on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the decolourisation of C.I BB16. The techno-economic analysis was described in the current work to know the economic feasibility of durian shells as an adsorbent. The SEM images showed that durian shell adsorbent has a smooth surface with no pores. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of -C-O, =C–H, C=C, -C-O-C and O-H bonds in durian shell. Maximum decolourisation (77.6%) and COD removal (80.6%) for C.I BB16 was achieved with the interaction between pH, time and adsorbent dose and initial concentration of C.I BB16. The optimal operating factors for adsorption of C.I BB16 recorded at pH 8, time (30 min), durian shell dosage (1 g/L) and 15 mg /L of C.I BB16 concentrations were 77.61 vs. 74.26 (%) of C.I BB16 removal and 80.60 vs. 78.72 (%) of COD removal with an R2 coefficient of 0.94 at p < 0.05. The specific cost of durian shell coagulant production is USD 172.71 per ton which is lower than the market price of honeydew peels-activated carbon (HDP-AC) (USD 261.81) and the commercial market price of activated carbon which is USD 1000.00/tons. These findings indicated that the durian adsorbent provides alternative methods for treating hair dye wastewater. These findings indicated that durian shells have a high potential for the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution.

ACS Style

Yashni Gopalakrishnan; Adel Al-Gheethi; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Mawar Marisa Azlan; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Radin Radin Mohamed; Sadeq Alkhadher; Efaq Noman. Removal of Basic Brown 16 from Aqueous Solution Using Durian Shell Adsorbent, Optimisation and Techno-Economic Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8928 .

AMA Style

Yashni Gopalakrishnan, Adel Al-Gheethi, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Mawar Marisa Azlan, Mohammed Al-Sahari, Radin Radin Mohamed, Sadeq Alkhadher, Efaq Noman. Removal of Basic Brown 16 from Aqueous Solution Using Durian Shell Adsorbent, Optimisation and Techno-Economic Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yashni Gopalakrishnan; Adel Al-Gheethi; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Mawar Marisa Azlan; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Radin Radin Mohamed; Sadeq Alkhadher; Efaq Noman. 2020. "Removal of Basic Brown 16 from Aqueous Solution Using Durian Shell Adsorbent, Optimisation and Techno-Economic Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8928.

Review
Published: 09 September 2020 in Sustainability
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The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and water resources has been used as an indication for the possible occurrence of the virus among communities and for its potential of transmission among humans through the surrounding environment or water resources. In order to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contaminated surfaces should be disinfected frequently by using an effective disinfectant. The present review discusses a bibliometric analysis of the global SARS-CoV-2 research and focuses mainly on reviewing the efficiency of the most traditional disinfection technologies. The disinfection methods reviewed include those for hospitals’ or medical facilities’ wastewater, contaminated surfaces, and contaminated masks. The elimination of the virus based on the concept of sterility assurance level (SAL) is also discussed. In addition, the chemical disinfectants that are currently used, as well as their temporary efficiency, are also reviewed. The different technologies that are globally used for disinfection processes during the COVID-19 pandemic are shown. However, more advanced technologies, such as nanotechnology, might have more potential for higher inactivation effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2.

ACS Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Efaq Noman; Qais Al-Maqtari; Radin Mohamed; Balkis Talip; Sadeq Alkhadher; Sohrab Hossain. Disinfection Methods and Survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the Environment and Contaminated Materials: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7378 .

AMA Style

Adel Al-Gheethi, Mohammed Al-Sahari, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Efaq Noman, Qais Al-Maqtari, Radin Mohamed, Balkis Talip, Sadeq Alkhadher, Sohrab Hossain. Disinfection Methods and Survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the Environment and Contaminated Materials: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Efaq Noman; Qais Al-Maqtari; Radin Mohamed; Balkis Talip; Sadeq Alkhadher; Sohrab Hossain. 2020. "Disinfection Methods and Survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the Environment and Contaminated Materials: A Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7378.

Preprint
Published: 21 June 2020
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The detection of SARS-Cov-2 in the sewage and water resources has increased the awareness among the people about the possibility survival of SARS-Cov-2 in the environment and the potential to transmit into the human through food chain or water resources. Moreover, the surface contaminated by the virus need to be disinfected frequently by using an effective disinfectant, the current chapter discussed the efficiency of the most traditional treatment process of the sewage and wastewater, and their role in the elimination of the virus as well as the sterility assurance level concept. Moreover, the chemical disinfectant used currently and their temporary efficiency has been reviewed.

ACS Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Efaq Noman; Qais Al-Maqtari; Reyad Almoheer; Radin Mohamed; Rafidah Hamdan. Survival and Disinfection of Sars-Cov-2 in Environment and Contaminated Surface. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Adel Al-Gheethi, Efaq Noman, Qais Al-Maqtari, Reyad Almoheer, Radin Mohamed, Rafidah Hamdan. Survival and Disinfection of Sars-Cov-2 in Environment and Contaminated Surface. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Efaq Noman; Qais Al-Maqtari; Reyad Almoheer; Radin Mohamed; Rafidah Hamdan. 2020. "Survival and Disinfection of Sars-Cov-2 in Environment and Contaminated Surface." , no. : 1.

Chapter
Published: 09 May 2020 in Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources
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The biological hazard inherent in the clinical wastes should be considered during the management and treatment process as well as the disposal into the environment. In this chapter, the risks associated with the clinical wastes as well as the management of these wastes are discussed. The chapter focused on reviewing the types of healthcare wastes generated from hospitals and clinics as well as the regulations and management practices used for these wastes. Moreover, the health risk associated with the infectious agents which have the potential to be transmitted into the environment. It has appeared that the clinical wastes represent real hazards for the human health and the environment if they were not managed properly.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi; Balkis A. Talip; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed. Qualitative Characterization of Healthcare Wastes. Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources 2020, 167 -178.

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Balkis A. Talip, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed. Qualitative Characterization of Healthcare Wastes. Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources. 2020; ():167-178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi; Balkis A. Talip; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed. 2020. "Qualitative Characterization of Healthcare Wastes." Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources , no. : 167-178.

Articles
Published: 07 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
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The current study aimed to investigate the potential of Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 for removing remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR) from dye-containing wastewater to provide controlled degradation pathway for the dyes in the wastewater. The removal rate and batch kinetic coefficients of the dye, as well as the microstructure of A. iizukae EAN605 mycelium during the mycoremediation process, were investigated in the Bach study. The decolourisation was due to the action of laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP). The maximum removal of RBBR was 94.78% at 10 mg/100 mL observed after 9 days. Meanwhile, the removal of MO and MR was 84.90% and 47.65% at 40 mg/100 mL observed after 3 days of experiment. The kinetic coefficients for the removal of RBBR, MO and MR by A. iizukae EAN605 were determined as K = 1032.21 mg log10 cell mL–1 d–1 and Ks = 65,637.90 mg L–1 for RBBR; K = 4.64 mg log10 cell mL–1 d–1 and Ks = 460.16 mg L–1 for MO; and K = 0.576 mg log10 cell mL–1 d–1 and Ks = 228.82 mg L–1 for MR. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman Spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the biosorption of dyes destroyed the mycelium surface and changed its functional groups structure. The findings have revealed that the high potential of A. iizukae EAN605 in dyes decolourisation.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Balkis A Talip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. Decolourization of Dye Wastewater by A Malaysian isolate of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN Strain: A Biokinetic, Mechanism and Microstructure Study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2020, 101, 1592 -1615.

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Adel Al-Gheethi, Balkis A Talip, Radin Mohamed, Amir Hashim Kassim. Decolourization of Dye Wastewater by A Malaysian isolate of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN Strain: A Biokinetic, Mechanism and Microstructure Study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2020; 101 (11):1592-1615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Balkis A Talip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. 2020. "Decolourization of Dye Wastewater by A Malaysian isolate of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN Strain: A Biokinetic, Mechanism and Microstructure Study." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 101, no. 11: 1592-1615.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The present study deals with optimizing, producing, characterizing, application and techno- economic analysis of oxidative enzymes [Laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP)] from Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 in submerged fermentation process using pumpkin peels as a production substrate. The best operating parameters for producing Lac, MnP and LiP (6.15, 2.58 and 127.99 U mg−1 respectively) were recorded with 20 g 100 mL−1 of substrate, 4.6 mL 100 mL−1 of inoculum size at pH 5.5 after 10 days. The crude enzyme exhibited high stability at pH (3–9) and temperatures (20−60 °C). Km (Michaelis–Menten) of Lac, MnP and LiP crude enzyme was 2.25, 1.79 and 0.72 mM respectively. The decolourization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R by the crude enzyme was 84.84 %. The techno-economic analysis was assessed for a production unit with an annual operating time for enzymatic production and application is 7920 h/year and 100 m3 of the capacity. The process would produce 27,000 cm3 of crude enzyme with a price of USD 0.107 per cm3 compared to USD 1 per cm3 of the current commercial enzyme. The findings indicated that pumpkin peels have potential as a production substrate for oxidative enzymes from A. iizukae EAN605 and is economically feasible.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; A.A. Al-Gheethi; Balkis A. Talip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. Oxidative enzymes from newly local strain Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 using pumpkin peels as a production substrate: Optimized production, characterization, application and techno-economic analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 386, 121954 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, A.A. Al-Gheethi, Balkis A. Talip, Radin Mohamed, Amir Hashim Kassim. Oxidative enzymes from newly local strain Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 using pumpkin peels as a production substrate: Optimized production, characterization, application and techno-economic analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 386 ():121954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; A.A. Al-Gheethi; Balkis A. Talip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. 2019. "Oxidative enzymes from newly local strain Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 using pumpkin peels as a production substrate: Optimized production, characterization, application and techno-economic analysis." Journal of Hazardous Materials 386, no. : 121954.

Research article
Published: 12 September 2019 in PLoS ONE
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The inactivation of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) seeded in greywater by bimetallic bio-nanoparticles was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu/Zn NPs) were synthesized in secondary metabolite of a novel fungal strain identified as Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 grown in pumpkin medium. Cu/Zn NPs were very effective for inhibiting growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The maximum inactivation was optimized with 0.028 mg mL-1 of Cu/Zn NPs, at pH 6 and after 60 min, at which the reduction of E. coli and S. aureus was 5.6 vs. 5.3 and 5.2 vs. 5.4 log reduction for actual and predicted values, respectively. The inactivation mechanism was described based on the analysis of untreated and treated bacterial cells by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed a damage in the cell wall structure due to the effect of Cu/Zn NPs. Moreover, the Raman Spectroscopy showed that the Cu/Zn NPs led to degradation of carbohydrates and amino structures on the bacteria cell wall. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the destruction take place in the C-C bond of the functional groups available in the bacterial cell wall. The techno economic analysis revealed that the biosynthesis Cu/Zn NPs is economically feasible. These findings demonstrated that Cu/Zn NPs can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the greywater.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Balkis Atalip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. Inactivating pathogenic bacteria in greywater by biosynthesized Cu/Zn nanoparticles from secondary metabolite of Aspergillus iizukae; optimization, mechanism and techno economic analysis. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0221522 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Adel Al-Gheethi, Balkis Atalip, Radin Mohamed, Amir Hashim Kassim. Inactivating pathogenic bacteria in greywater by biosynthesized Cu/Zn nanoparticles from secondary metabolite of Aspergillus iizukae; optimization, mechanism and techno economic analysis. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (9):e0221522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Balkis Atalip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. 2019. "Inactivating pathogenic bacteria in greywater by biosynthesized Cu/Zn nanoparticles from secondary metabolite of Aspergillus iizukae; optimization, mechanism and techno economic analysis." PLoS ONE 14, no. 9: e0221522.

Articles
Published: 02 September 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
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The decolourisation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by oxidative enzymes [Laccase (Lac), Manganese peroxidase (MnP), Lignin peroxidase (LiP)], from Aspergillus iizukae EAN605 was optimised as a function of initial substrate concentrations (30−100 mg L−1), incubation period (5–15 days) and pH (5–7). The best operating parameters to achieve the highest removal of RBBR were 57.15 mg 100 mL−1 of RBBR, pH 6 and after 8.55 days where the maximum removal was 78.34% vs. 80.00% (R2 = 77.9%), Lac 0.22 vs. 0.28 µ mg−1, MnP 0.24 vs. 0.27 µ mg−1 and LiP 14.22 vs. 15.12 µ mg−1 of actual and predicted results, respectively. The surface analysis of A. iizukae EAN605 by field emission scanning electron microscopy suggested that the removal process takes place on the surface of the fungal mycelium cell wall as a result of the presence of Lac enzyme in the inner fungal membrane. Moreover, the phytotoxicity test confirms the absence of the dye toxicity after enzymatic degradation process which indicates the efficiency of A. iizukae EAN605 to minimise the dyes' risk to less than the toxicity level. These findings suggest that A. iizukae EAN605 has a potential for the mycoremediation of dyes in the greywater.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; A. A. Al-Gheethi; Balkis Atalip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. Mycoremediation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R in greywater by a novel local strain of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN: optimisation and mechanism study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2019, 100, 1650 -1668.

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, A. A. Al-Gheethi, Balkis Atalip, Radin Mohamed, Amir Hashim Kassim. Mycoremediation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R in greywater by a novel local strain of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN: optimisation and mechanism study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2019; 100 (14):1650-1668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; A. A. Al-Gheethi; Balkis Atalip; Radin Mohamed; Amir Hashim Kassim. 2019. "Mycoremediation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R in greywater by a novel local strain of Aspergillus iizukae 605EAN: optimisation and mechanism study." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 100, no. 14: 1650-1668.

Review
Published: 27 May 2019 in Topics in Current Chemistry
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In this article, the utilization of fungi for the degradation of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) from different wastewater and aqueous solutions has been reviewed. The myco-remediation (myco-enzymes, myco-degradation, and myco-sorption) process is widely used to remove XOCs, which are not easily biodegradable. The removal of XOCs from textile wastewaters through chemical and physical processes has been addressed by many researchers. Currently, the application of oxidative enzymes [manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and laccase] and myco-adsorption is becoming more common for the removal of XOCs from wastewater. Although the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is a preferred technology for removing XOCs, its use is restricted due to its relatively high cost, which led to research studies on non-traditional and low-cost technology. The current review aimed to organize the scattered available information on the potential of myco-remediation for XOC removal. Moreover, the utilization of agricultural wastes as a production substrate for oxidative enzymes has been reported by many authors. Agricultural waste materials are highly inducible for oxidative enzyme production by fungi and are cost-effective in comparison to commercial substances. It is evident from the literature survey of 80 recently published papers that myco-enzymes have demonstrated outstanding XOC removal capabilities. Fungal laccase enzyme is the first step to degrade the lignin and then to get the carbon source form the cellulose by cellulose enzyme.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Balkis Atalip. Myco-Remediation of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds for a Sustainable Environment: A Critical Review. Topics in Current Chemistry 2019, 377, 17 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Adel Al-Gheethi, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Balkis Atalip. Myco-Remediation of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds for a Sustainable Environment: A Critical Review. Topics in Current Chemistry. 2019; 377 (3):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Balkis Atalip. 2019. "Myco-Remediation of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds for a Sustainable Environment: A Critical Review." Topics in Current Chemistry 377, no. 3: 17.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Abdelrahman Hamed; Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Balkis A. Talip; Nur Adila Ab. Aziz; Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. Optimization of algicidal activity of indigenous strain Schizophyllum commune 104UTHM against Microcystis aeruginosa in freshwater using response surface methodology. Desalination and Water Treatment 2019, 171, 356 -368.

AMA Style

Abdelrahman Hamed, Efaq Noman, Adel Al-Gheethi, Mohammed Al-Sahari, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Balkis A. Talip, Nur Adila Ab. Aziz, Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. Optimization of algicidal activity of indigenous strain Schizophyllum commune 104UTHM against Microcystis aeruginosa in freshwater using response surface methodology. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2019; 171 ():356-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelrahman Hamed; Efaq Noman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Mohammed Al-Sahari; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Balkis A. Talip; Nur Adila Ab. Aziz; Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. 2019. "Optimization of algicidal activity of indigenous strain Schizophyllum commune 104UTHM against Microcystis aeruginosa in freshwater using response surface methodology." Desalination and Water Treatment 171, no. : 356-368.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies
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Water pollution by metalloids is a global environmental concern. Owing to their propensity for bioaccumulation, water solubility, and interaction with environment, they are threatening both human and ecosystem health. Inherent limitations like low efficiency, sensitive operating conditions, and high capital and operating costs are associated with conventional removal methods which restricts adoption of these technologies on large scale. While adsorption is commonly recognized as both an effective and affordable remediation technology, many common adsorbents often have inherited limitations including non-renewability and high operating costs. Thus, limitations in conventional remediation technologies have headed to the rapid progression of new avenues for advanced treatment technologies for metalloid pollutant removal such as green nanotechnology. In contrast to many of the currently available adsorbents, nanoparticles often have unique properties such as tiny size, more active sites and big surface area, easy separation, and high reactivity that enhance removal efficiencies.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Gary Owens. Wastewater Treatment and Role of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanocomposites. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies 2019, 268 -307.

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Gary Owens. Wastewater Treatment and Role of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanocomposites. Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. 2019; ():268-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Gary Owens. 2019. "Wastewater Treatment and Role of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanocomposites." Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies , no. : 268-307.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2018 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals active compounds (PACs) in secondary effluents by using B. subtilis 2012WTNC as a function of β-lactamase was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) designed by central composite design (CCD). Four factors including initial concentration of bacteria (1-6 log10 CFU mL-1), incubation period (1-14 days), incubation temperature (20-40 °C) and initial concentration of PACs (1 to 5 mg L-1) were investigated. The optimal operating factors for biodegradation process determined using response surface methodology (RSM) was recorded with 5.57 log10 CFU mL-1 of B. subtilis, for 10.38 days, at 36.62 °C and with 4.14 mg L-1 of (cephalexin/amoxicillin) with R2 coefficient of 0.99. The biodegradation was 83.81 and 93.94% respectively. The relationship among the independent variables was significant (p < 0.05) with 95% of confidence level at the best operating parameters. The bioassay for PACs after the degradation process revealed that no residual antibiotic activity was detected of amoxicillin and cephalexin against E. coli and S. aureus after degradation using B. subtilis which reflects the higher potential of bacteria to biodegrade PACs in secondary effluents. B. subtilis has the potential for biodegradation of PACs in the secondary effluents.

ACS Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Efaq Noman; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Norli Ismail; Abd Halid Bin Abdullah; Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. Optimizing of pharmaceutical active compounds biodegradability in secondary effluents by β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis using central composite design. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2018, 365, 883 -894.

AMA Style

Adel Al-Gheethi, Efaq Noman, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Norli Ismail, Abd Halid Bin Abdullah, Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. Optimizing of pharmaceutical active compounds biodegradability in secondary effluents by β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis using central composite design. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018; 365 ():883-894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Efaq Noman; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Norli Ismail; Abd Halid Bin Abdullah; Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. 2018. "Optimizing of pharmaceutical active compounds biodegradability in secondary effluents by β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis using central composite design." Journal of Hazardous Materials 365, no. : 883-894.

Research article
Published: 21 May 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The present study aimed to select the best medium for inactivation of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri, A. niger, A. terreus var. terreus, A. tubingensis, Penicillium waksmanii, P. simplicissimum, and Aspergillus sp. strain no. 145 spores in clinical wastes by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). There were three types of solutions used including normal saline, seawater, distilled water, and physiological saline with 1% of methanol; each solution was tested at 5, 10, and 20 mL of the water contents. The experiments were conducted at the optimum operating parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (30 MPa, 75 °C, 90 min). The results showed that the inactivation rate was more effective in distilled water with the presence of 1% methanol (6 log reductions). Meanwhile, the seawater decreases inactivation rate more than normal saline (4.5 vs. 5.1 log reduction). On the other hand, the experiments performed with different volumes of distilled water (5, 10, and 20 mL) indicated that A. niger spores were completely inactivated with 10 mL of distilled water. The inactivation rate of fungal spores decreased from 6 to 4.5 log as the amount of distilled water increased from 10 to 20 mL. The analysis for the spore morphology of A. fumigatus and Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed the role of temperature and pressure in the SC-CO2 in the destruction of the cell walls of the spores. It can be concluded that the distilled water represent the best medium for inactivation of fungal spores in the clinical solid wastes by SC-CO2.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Hideyuki Nagao; Balkis Atalip; Omar Ab. Kadir. Selection of inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 21682 -21692.

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman, Adel Al-Gheethi, Hideyuki Nagao, Balkis Atalip, Omar Ab. Kadir. Selection of inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (22):21682-21692.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman; Adel Al-Gheethi; Hideyuki Nagao; Balkis Atalip; Omar Ab. Kadir. 2018. "Selection of inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 22: 21682-21692.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Malaysian Journal of Microbiology
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Efaq Noman; A.A. Al-Gheethi; N.N. Nik Ab. Rahman; N. Hideyuki; B.B.H. A Talip; R.M.S.R. Mohamed; M.O. Ab. Kadir. Phenotypic identification of Penicillium spp. isolated from clinical wastes based on microstructure characteristics. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, A.A. Al-Gheethi, N.N. Nik Ab. Rahman, N. Hideyuki, B.B.H. A Talip, R.M.S.R. Mohamed, M.O. Ab. Kadir. Phenotypic identification of Penicillium spp. isolated from clinical wastes based on microstructure characteristics. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; A.A. Al-Gheethi; N.N. Nik Ab. Rahman; N. Hideyuki; B.B.H. A Talip; R.M.S.R. Mohamed; M.O. Ab. Kadir. 2018. "Phenotypic identification of Penicillium spp. isolated from clinical wastes based on microstructure characteristics." Malaysian Journal of Microbiology , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 April 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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The successful identification of fungi by phenotypic methods or molecular technique depends mainly on the using an advanced technique for purifying the isolates. The most efficient is the single spore technique due to the simple requirements and the efficiency in preventing the contamination by yeast, mites or bacteria. The method described in the present work is depends on the using of a light microscope to transfer one spore into a new culture medium. The present work describes a simple and efficient procedure for single spore isolation to purify of fungi recovered from the clinical wastes.

ACS Style

Efaq Noman; Aa Al-Gheethi; N K Rahman; Balkis Atalip; R Mohamed; O A Kadir; N H. Single Spore Isolation as a Simple and Efficient Technique to obtain fungal pure culture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018, 140, 012055 .

AMA Style

Efaq Noman, Aa Al-Gheethi, N K Rahman, Balkis Atalip, R Mohamed, O A Kadir, N H. Single Spore Isolation as a Simple and Efficient Technique to obtain fungal pure culture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018; 140 (1):012055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Efaq Noman; Aa Al-Gheethi; N K Rahman; Balkis Atalip; R Mohamed; O A Kadir; N H. 2018. "Single Spore Isolation as a Simple and Efficient Technique to obtain fungal pure culture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 140, no. 1: 012055.

Article
Published: 18 September 2017 in CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water
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Surface properties of bacterial cells enable them to be used in the removal of heavy metals. Moreover, the inactivation of bacterial cells via chemical or physical processes may enhance the biosorption efficiency for heavy metals. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) to inactivate bacteria based on destruction of cell walls took place due to the pressurized CO2. In this study, the pre-treatment of Bacillus subtilis cells by SC-CO2 (BM1), steam autoclaving (BM2), and untreated living cells (BM3) were investigated to show improvement in heavy metal removal. The removal process was optimized based on the main factors affecting bacterial biosorption, which included heavy metals ion concentrations, cell biomass concentrations, pH, time, and temperature. The efficiency of bacterial biomass in removing Ni2+ ions in the presence of different concentrations of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ was also tested. BM1 and BM2 exhibited the highest potential for the removal of nickel ions in comparison to BM3. The maximum efficiency was 98.54, 99.2, and 96.3% for BM1, BM2, and BM3, respectively. Moreover, BM1 displayed a higher biosorption capacity for Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ (>150 mg g−1) than BM2 and BM3. Biosorption on bacterial cell biomass of Ni2+ ions shows lower removal affinity in the presence of other metal ions. In conclusion, the pre-treatment of bacterial cells biomass by SC-CO2 enhanced the removal process of heavy metal ions compared to untreated living cells.

ACS Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Efaq Noman; Norli Ismail; Omar Ab. Kadir. Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solutions UsingBacillus subtilisBiomass Pre-Treated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2017, 45, 1 .

AMA Style

Adel Al-Gheethi, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Efaq Noman, Norli Ismail, Omar Ab. Kadir. Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solutions UsingBacillus subtilisBiomass Pre-Treated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2017; 45 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel Al-Gheethi; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Efaq Noman; Norli Ismail; Omar Ab. Kadir. 2017. "Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solutions UsingBacillus subtilisBiomass Pre-Treated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 45, no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2017 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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Azhar Ali; Shumaila Azam; Anam Khalid; Efaq Noman; Nadia Jamil; Faiza Samina; Irfan Shaikh. End- of- Life Scenarios for Municipal Solid Waste of Defence Housing Authority Lahore, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2017, 26, 961 -968.

AMA Style

Azhar Ali, Shumaila Azam, Anam Khalid, Efaq Noman, Nadia Jamil, Faiza Samina, Irfan Shaikh. End- of- Life Scenarios for Municipal Solid Waste of Defence Housing Authority Lahore, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2017; 26 (3):961-968.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azhar Ali; Shumaila Azam; Anam Khalid; Efaq Noman; Nadia Jamil; Faiza Samina; Irfan Shaikh. 2017. "End- of- Life Scenarios for Municipal Solid Waste of Defence Housing Authority Lahore, Pakistan." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 26, no. 3: 961-968.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Adel A. Banana; A.A. Al-Gheethi; Efaq Ali Noman; Mohamed Rmsr. Assessment of soil pollution by toxic metals and petrochemical compounds in western Libya. Desalination and Water Treatment 2017, 83, 272 -276.

AMA Style

Adel A. Banana, A.A. Al-Gheethi, Efaq Ali Noman, Mohamed Rmsr. Assessment of soil pollution by toxic metals and petrochemical compounds in western Libya. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2017; 83 ():272-276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel A. Banana; A.A. Al-Gheethi; Efaq Ali Noman; Mohamed Rmsr. 2017. "Assessment of soil pollution by toxic metals and petrochemical compounds in western Libya." Desalination and Water Treatment 83, no. : 272-276.