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Ewa Czyż
Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Agronomy
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The physicochemical and microbial properties of soil under long-term monoculture of winter wheat were studied to assess the effects of two tillage systems of different intensities: reduced (RT) and conventional (CT). The research was carried out on an 18-year-old experimental field at Grabów (eastern Poland) between 2018 and 2020. The RT (ploughless) and the CT (mouldboard ploughing) systems with machine operating depths of up to 10 and 25 cm, respectively, were used. The analysed parameters were as follows: soil texture, pH, readily dispersible clay content (RDC), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon from particulate organic matter (POM-C), hot- and cold-water-extractable organic carbon (HWEC, CWEC) and nitrogen (HWEN, CWEN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), nitrification potential (NP), dehydrogenases (DEH), and acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases activities. Several single soil quality indices, including: metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (MicQ) quotients, enzymatic pH level indicator (EpHI), stratification ratio (SR), and metabolic potential index (MP) were calculated. The use of RT resulted in increased SOM and, therefore, in decreased RDC and increased values of soil stability, POM-C, HWEC, CWEC, HWEN, CWEN, MBC, and MBN in relation to CT. The MicQ, EpHI, SR, and MP well reflected the effects of RT and CT systems on soil and appeared to be useful in soil quality assessment. The results showed the beneficial effects on soil of the less intensive RT system in comparison with CT. Statistical analysis showed the significance of differences between tillage systems and interrelationships between the studied soil quality parameters.

ACS Style

Anna Gajda; Ewa Czyż; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1497 .

AMA Style

Anna Gajda, Ewa Czyż, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Gajda; Ewa Czyż; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. 2021. "Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1497.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Anthropogenic activities leading to chemical contamination of soil and global climate change may increase the level of stress for plants. Recent decades studies (mainly two-factors) have reported that the ecotoxicity of soil contaminants could be modified by climate factors. To date, little is known about: the combined climate-chemical stress on plants; the interaction of chemicals with high soil moisture conditions; the impact of soil properties on the combined climate-chemical stress and questions regarding the response of organisms to combined effect of all key factors influencing the ecotoxicity of chemicals under field conditions remain unanswered. Our study sought to fill the knowledge gap on the multifactorial interaction of four main factors encounter in polluted areas (soil chemical contamination: heavy metal (Zn); temperature: 10, 23, 35°C, moisture: 55, 80 %WHC; soil properties). The assessment of combined effect of multiple stressors based on the multiple ANCOVA model (n=108; adjusted R2 = 0.68) and calculated indicators showed: 1) all studied factors significantly interacted and influenced the phytotoxic effect of Zn; 2) Zn modified the plant response to temperature stress depending on moisture conditions and soil properties. This study improves methods for assessing the hazardous effects of soil chemical contamination in the real environment.

ACS Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. The multifactorial assessment of the Zn impact on high and low temperature stress towards wheat seedling growth under diverse moisture conditions (optimal and wet) in three soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 416, 126087 .

AMA Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka, Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Bożena Smreczak. The multifactorial assessment of the Zn impact on high and low temperature stress towards wheat seedling growth under diverse moisture conditions (optimal and wet) in three soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 416 ():126087.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. 2021. "The multifactorial assessment of the Zn impact on high and low temperature stress towards wheat seedling growth under diverse moisture conditions (optimal and wet) in three soils." Journal of Hazardous Materials 416, no. : 126087.

Original paper
Published: 10 May 2021 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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The aim of the study was to use of geochemical, chemical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of trace elements in the bottom sediment of the Rożnów reservoir. The study found three elements deserving attention in the sediments: cadmium, nickel and chromium. Cadmium proved to be the most mobile and bioavailable, although the total cadmium content and geochemical indicators did not reveal any risk to organisms. Geochemical indicators showed that the sediments are contaminated with nickel and chromium, but both elements had a low bioaccumulation factor. Fractional analysis also revealed relatively low mobility of Cr and Ni and a higher potential risk of bioavailability for nickel. Most of the tested sediment samples had low toxicity in relation to the tested organisms. For H. incongruens, 11% of the samples were non-toxic, 50% of the samples had low toxicity, and 39% of the samples were toxic. For A. fischeri, no toxicity was found in 7% of the samples, low toxicity in 76% of the samples and toxicity in 17% of the sediment samples. The As, Cd, Cu content in the F1 fraction correlated significantly positively with the content of these metals in mussel tissues. Both biotesting and chemical analysis can reveal a potential risk to aquatic organisms. For a real assessment of the ecological risks associated with trace elements, it is necessary to use bioindicators taken from the environment and exposed to trace elements in situ.

ACS Style

Magdalena Szara-Bąk; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Joanna Tkaczewska; Barbara Wojtasik. Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Magdalena Szara-Bąk, Agnieszka Baran, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Joanna Tkaczewska, Barbara Wojtasik. Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Szara-Bąk; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Joanna Tkaczewska; Barbara Wojtasik. 2021. "Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir." Environmental Geochemistry and Health , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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Purpose The aims of the study were to investigate the interaction between fractions of organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments and to use mussels as passive biomonitors and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for ecological risk assessment in sediments. Methods Bottom sediment samples were taken from 46 points located in the Rożnów reservoir (Poland). The sediment organic matter (SOM) characteristics included total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), humic acid carbon (Cha), fulvic acid carbon (Cfa), non-hydrolysing carbon (Cnh), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The extraction procedure was carried out in bottom sediments as well as in freeze-dried mussel tissue samples to directly determine the accumulation potential of PAHs to the living organisms in their natural environment. Results The content of organic matter fractions was in the following order: Cfa (fulvic acid) > Cnh (non-hydrolysing carbon) > Cha (humic acid) > DOC (dissolved organic carbon). The mean ∑16PAHs (μg kg−1) concentration was 1755.2 ± 724 (total) and 256 ± 254 (bioavailable) in sediments and 1740 ± 72.2 in the mussel tissues. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of PAHs in the mussel tissues and the total and bioavailable concentration of PAHs in bottom sediments. Conclusion The PAH concentration in bottom sediments depended on the stabile carbon forms Cnh. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the fine fraction can significantly increase the bioavailability of PAHs and can be an important factor in the distribution of PAHs in the sediments.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Magdalena Szara-Bąk; Marek Tarnawski; Iwona Spałek. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of a dam reservoir, their interaction with organic matter and risk to benthic fauna. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2021, 21, 2418 -2431.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Baran, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga, Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Krzysztof Gondek, Magdalena Szara-Bąk, Marek Tarnawski, Iwona Spałek. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of a dam reservoir, their interaction with organic matter and risk to benthic fauna. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2021; 21 (6):2418-2431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Magdalena Szara-Bąk; Marek Tarnawski; Iwona Spałek. 2021. "Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of a dam reservoir, their interaction with organic matter and risk to benthic fauna." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 6: 2418-2431.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Agronomy
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Prolonged drought and extreme precipitation can have a significant impact on the activity and structure of soil microbial communities. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of drought length on the dynamics of mineral nitrogen, enzyme activities and bacterial diversity in two soils of different texture (sand and silt loam, according to USDA classification). An additional objective was to evaluate the effect of compost on the alleviation of soil microbial responses to stress conditions, i.e. alternating periods of drought and excessive soil moisture. The pot study was carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Compost was added at an amount equal to 3% of soil to the sandy soil, which was characterised by a significantly lower water retention capacity. Specific levels of water stress conditions were created through application of drought and soil watering periods. For each soil, four levels of moisture regimes were set-up, including optimal conditions kept at 60% of field water holding capacity, and three levels of water stress: The low level—2 week period without watering; the medium level—1 month drought period followed by watering to full but short-term soil saturation with water; and the high level—2 month drought period followed by full and long-term saturation with the same total amount of water, as in other variants. The soil water regime strongly modified the activities of dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the bacterial diversity. Loamy soil exhibited greater resistance to the inhibition of soil enzymatic activity. After irrigation, following both a 1 month and 2 month drought, the enzyme activities and nitrification largely recovered in soil with a loamy texture. Drought induced substantial shifts in the functional diversity of bacterial communities. The use of such C substrates, as carboxylic and acetic acids, was strongly inhibited by water deficit. Water deficit induced changes in the relative abundances of particular phyla, for example, an increase in Acidobacteria or a decrease in Verrucomicrobia. The study clearly proves the greater susceptibility of microbial communities to drought in sandy soils and the important role of exogenous organic matter in protecting microbial activity in drought periods.

ACS Style

Sylwia Siebielec; Grzegorz Siebielec; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Anna Gałązka; Jarosław Grządziel; Tomasz Stuczyński. Impact of Water Stress on Microbial Community and Activity in Sandy and Loamy Soils. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1429 .

AMA Style

Sylwia Siebielec, Grzegorz Siebielec, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Anna Gałązka, Jarosław Grządziel, Tomasz Stuczyński. Impact of Water Stress on Microbial Community and Activity in Sandy and Loamy Soils. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylwia Siebielec; Grzegorz Siebielec; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Anna Gałązka; Jarosław Grządziel; Tomasz Stuczyński. 2020. "Impact of Water Stress on Microbial Community and Activity in Sandy and Loamy Soils." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1429.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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In the study, an attempt was made to create innovative mixtures based on bottom sediment and various types of waste to be tested for use as a substrate in the cultivation of consumer and non-consumer plants. The aim of the study was to assess the chemical and ecotoxicological properties of the growing medium prepared on the basis of bottom sediment (BS) and different carbon rich waste (cellulose waste (CW), biomass ash (BA), coffee hulls (CH), and sludge from water treatment (SW)) with a combination of 75% bottom sediment and 25% waste material. The mixtures had deacidifying properties, significant content of total organic carbon (TOC), the total quantities of macro- and micronutrients, and good sorption properties. The study showed a low total content of heavy metals in the mixtures. Moreover, a low share of the mobile fraction (F1) of metals indicated a low risk related to the metals mobility and potential bioavailability. The highest toxic effect was found in the mixture of bottom sediment and cellulose waste. Heterocypris incongruens was the most sensitive organism to substances present in the tested mixtures. Due to its low toxicity, the mixture of bottom sediment and water treatment sludge (BS+SW) constituted a potentially suitable substrate for its environmental application in agriculture, horticulture (for consumer crops) or land reclamation. Other mixtures exhibited valuable chemical properties (BS + BA, BS + CH BS + CW), but ended up being eco-toxic to the organisms, excluding them from agricultural or horticultural use for consumer crops. The proposed technology, which includes the production of growing medium based on the use of bottom sediment, is a promising way of transforming the sediment from a waste material to a valuable resource, thus enhancing the environmental benefits.

ACS Style

Magdalena Szara; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Marek Tarnawski. Ecotoxicological and chemical properties of the rożnów reservoir bottom sediment amended with various waste materials. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 273, 111176 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Szara, Agnieszka Baran, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Marek Tarnawski. Ecotoxicological and chemical properties of the rożnów reservoir bottom sediment amended with various waste materials. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 273 ():111176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Szara; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Marek Tarnawski. 2020. "Ecotoxicological and chemical properties of the rożnów reservoir bottom sediment amended with various waste materials." Journal of Environmental Management 273, no. : 111176.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Agronomy
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In many areas, organic crop production systems have been shown to contribute to maintaining good soil condition. The organic production system has been recommended as an alternative to conventional agriculture. However, in order to recommend this practice in new regions, it is necessary to obtain information about its effects and consequences in local environmental conditions. The research was completed during 2016–2018 in Osiny (Lublin region, Poland) on a field experiment established 26 years previously in a Haplic Luvisol soil. The research was aimed at comparing the effects of long-term use of tilled soil with organic (ORG) and conventional (CON) crop production systems with those in non-tilled soil under permanent grass (PRG) as a control. This comparison was done on the basis of changes in the values of soil properties as follows: Total porosity (TP), total organic matter (OM), particulate organic matter (POM), humic substances (HS), water-extractable carbon (WEC), microbial biomass carbon pool (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DH). Soil samples were collected from experimental fields (each treatment 1 ha) under winter wheat and permanent grass each year from 0–5, 5–10, 15–20 and 30–35 cm depths. Over the three year study period, it was found that permanent grass and the organic crop production system contributed to increased soil OM, POM, HS, WEC and MBC contents and DH activity compared to the CON system, especially in the top soil layer, 0–5 cm. To obtain a clearer picture of soil quality change our study examined for the first time the metabolic potential index (MPI) as a ratio of dehydrogenase activity to the soluble organic carbon content. The MPI values confirmed the increase of metabolism in ORG soil as a consequence of management practices compared with CON soil. The obtained correlations showed strong mutual relationships within properties of the heterogeneous soil complex. The results show the positive effects of the ORG management system causing soil condition improvement which is based on organic fertilization, enriching the soil with a large amount of plant residues in creating positive changes in the soil quality in contrast to the CON system.

ACS Style

Anna Maria Gajda; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga. Comparison of the Effects of Different Crop Production Systems on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Activity under Winter Wheat. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1130 .

AMA Style

Anna Maria Gajda, Ewa Antonina Czyż, Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga. Comparison of the Effects of Different Crop Production Systems on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Activity under Winter Wheat. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Maria Gajda; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga. 2020. "Comparison of the Effects of Different Crop Production Systems on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Activity under Winter Wheat." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1130.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2020 in Molecules
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Intensive anthropogenic activity may result in uncontrolled release of various pollutants that ultimately accumulate in soils and may adversely affect ecosystems and human health. Hazard screening, prioritisation and subsequent risk assessment are usually performed on a chemical-by-chemical basis and need expensive and time-consuming methods. Therefore, there is a need to look for fast and reliable methods of risk assessment and contamination prediction in soils. One promising technique in this regard is visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential environmental risk in soils subjected to high level of anthropopressure using VIS-NIR spectroscopy and to calculate several risk indexes for both individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their mixture. Results showed that regarding 16PAH concentration, 78% of soil samples were contaminated. Risk assessment using the most conservative approach based on hazard quotients (HQ) for 10 individual PAHs allowed to conclude that 62% of the study area needs further action. Application of concentration addition or response addition models for 16PAHs mixture gave a more realistic assessment and indicates unacceptable risk in 23% and 55% of soils according to toxic units (TUm) and toxic pressure (TPm) approach. Toxic equivalency quotients (TEQ) were below the safe limit for human health protection in 88% of samples from study region. We present here the first attempt at predicting risk indexes using VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The best results were obtained with binary models. The accuracy of binary model can be ordered as follows: TPm (71.6%) < HI (85.1%) < TUm (87.9%) and TEQ (94.6%). Both chemical indexes and VIS-NIR can be successfully applied for first-tier risk assessment.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Guillaume Debaene. Screening Risk Assessment of Agricultural Areas under a High Level of Anthropopressure Based on Chemical Indexes and VIS-NIR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020, 25, 3151 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Guillaume Debaene. Screening Risk Assessment of Agricultural Areas under a High Level of Anthropopressure Based on Chemical Indexes and VIS-NIR Spectroscopy. Molecules. 2020; 25 (14):3151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Guillaume Debaene. 2020. "Screening Risk Assessment of Agricultural Areas under a High Level of Anthropopressure Based on Chemical Indexes and VIS-NIR Spectroscopy." Molecules 25, no. 14: 3151.

Article
Published: 29 November 2019 in Ecotoxicology
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The bottom sediments in catchment areas behind dams play a significant role in water ecosystems. On the other hand, the structure of sediments makes them a natural geosorbent, in which pollutants introduced to the aquatic environment accumulate. The use of biotests is recognised as an important approach for the assessment of the quality of bottom sediments, as the chemical analysis of sediment samples alone does not provide evidence of the impact of contaminants on biota. The aim of the study was to apply the chemical and ecological indices to determine the potential risk posed by trace elements in the bottom sediments and to evaluate sediment toxicity using organisms belonging to two taxonomic groups, i.e., plants (Phytotoxkit) and crustaceans (Rapidtoxkit). The 46 sediment samples were taken from the Rożnów Dam Reservoir in Southern Poland. The mean concentration of the trace elements in the sediments was 5.22 mg As; 0.26 mg Cd; 63.23 mg Cr; 28.65 mg Cu; 37.11 mg Ni; 11.15 mg Pb; 69.69 mg Zn and 0.09 mg Hg ∙ kg−1 d.m. The mean probable effect concentration quotient (PECq) value among different sampling sites ranged between 0.04 and 0.33 suggested moderate potential toxicity to the biological communities in bottom sediments. The Ni was potentially the most toxic element for biota in the Rożnów Reservoir. The sensitivity of organisms formed the following order: Thamnocephalus platyurus >Lepidium sativum >Sinapis alba >Sorghum saccharatum. For the plants, the stimulating effect of bottom sediments on root growth was often indicated, while a toxic effect was demonstrated for T. platyurus in 80% of the samples. However, the correlation analysis and PCA results showed that trace elements that originated from similar sources were associated to the toxicity of sediments towards T. platyurus, while ecotoxicity for plants could not be explained by the content of trace elements in bottom sediments. T. platyurus is a good indicator for predicting the toxicity of bottom sediments from the Rożnów Reservoir. However, our study found that both chemical and ecotoxicological analyses are important for a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of bottom sediments.

ACS Style

Magdalena Szara; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Marek Tarnawski. Ecotoxicological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir (Poland). Ecotoxicology 2019, 29, 45 -57.

AMA Style

Magdalena Szara, Agnieszka Baran, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Marek Tarnawski. Ecotoxicological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir (Poland). Ecotoxicology. 2019; 29 (1):45-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Szara; Agnieszka Baran; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Marek Tarnawski. 2019. "Ecotoxicological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir (Poland)." Ecotoxicology 29, no. 1: 45-57.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2019 in International Agrophysics
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ACS Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Bożena Smreczak. Soil quality index for agricultural areas under different levels of anthropopressure. International Agrophysics 2019, 33, 455 -462.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga, Bożena Smreczak. Soil quality index for agricultural areas under different levels of anthropopressure. International Agrophysics. 2019; 33 (4):455-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Bożena Smreczak. 2019. "Soil quality index for agricultural areas under different levels of anthropopressure." International Agrophysics 33, no. 4: 455-462.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2019 in International Agrophysics
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ACS Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Maria Chmiel; Krzysztof Dziedzic; Hutsol Taras. Assessment of soil quality after biochar application based on enzymatic activity and microbial composition. International Agrophysics 2019, 33, 331 -336.

AMA Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Krzysztof Gondek, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Maria Chmiel, Krzysztof Dziedzic, Hutsol Taras. Assessment of soil quality after biochar application based on enzymatic activity and microbial composition. International Agrophysics. 2019; 33 (3):331-336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Maria Chmiel; Krzysztof Dziedzic; Hutsol Taras. 2019. "Assessment of soil quality after biochar application based on enzymatic activity and microbial composition." International Agrophysics 33, no. 3: 331-336.

Research paper
Published: 23 April 2019 in Soil Use and Management
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The objective of this study was to investigate differences in organic matter fractions, such as dissolved organic carbon and humic substances, in soils under different land uses. Soil samples were collected from the upper layer of arable lands and grasslands. Humic substances (HS) were chemically fractionated into fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humins (HUM) and based on the separated fractions, the humification index (HI) and the degree of HS transformation (DT) were calculated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by cold (CWE) and hot water (HWE) extractions. Regardless of land use, the results indicated significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and HS composition, with HA and HUM as the dominant fractions. Total SOC was higher in grassland (median = 17.51 g kg−1) than arable soils (median = 9.98 g kg−1), the HI and DT indices did not differ significantly between land uses (HI = 0.3‐10.3 and DT = 0.2‐6.2 for grasslands, p > 0.05; HI = 0.3‐3.9 and DT = 0.2‐20.1 for arable lands, p > 0.05). This indicates the relatively high stability of organic carbon and efficient humification processes in both land uses. Additionally, in arable soils lower CWE‐C (0.75 g kg−1) and higher HWE‐C (2.59 g kg−1) than in grasslands (CWE‐C = 1.13 g kg−1, HWE‐C = 1.60 g kg−1) can be related to farming practice and application of soil amendments. The results showed that both labile and humified organic matter are better protected in grassland soils and are consequently less vulnerable to mineralization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Aleksandra Ukalska‐Jaruga; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. Characterization of organic matter fractions in the top layer of soils under different land uses in Central‐Eastern Europe. Soil Use and Management 2019, 35, 595 -606.

AMA Style

Aleksandra Ukalska‐Jaruga, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Bożena Smreczak. Characterization of organic matter fractions in the top layer of soils under different land uses in Central‐Eastern Europe. Soil Use and Management. 2019; 35 (4):595-606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandra Ukalska‐Jaruga; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. 2019. "Characterization of organic matter fractions in the top layer of soils under different land uses in Central‐Eastern Europe." Soil Use and Management 35, no. 4: 595-606.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2019 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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A few previous studies showed that the low soil moisture could interact with the toxic effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) towards animals (mostly invertebrates). In the present research the impact of the soil moisture in the wide range (from the drought to high moisture conditions) in three different soil materials on toxic effect of the PAH (phenanthrene) towards soil microorganisms (nitrifying bacteria activity) was evaluated. The three dry soil materials were artificially contaminated with phenanthrene (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg kg-1 dry mass of soil) and moistened to the varied levels of the soil moisture (30% WHC (dry), 55% WHC (optimal) and 80% WHC (highly wet conditions)). After 7 days incubation, the nitrification potential was measured. The results of the proposed ANCOVA multiple regression model (adjusted R2 = 0.91), showed that the increase of soil moisture enhanced the toxicity of the phenanthrene towards nitrification potential and this combined moisture-phenanthrene effect was soil dependent. Therefore, the effect of the soil moisture in combination with the soil diversity should not be missed in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of the PAHs.

ACS Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. The drought and high wet soil condition impact on PAH (phenanthrene) toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 368, 274 -280.

AMA Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka, Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Bożena Smreczak. The drought and high wet soil condition impact on PAH (phenanthrene) toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 368 ():274-280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Suszek-Łopatka; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Bożena Smreczak. 2019. "The drought and high wet soil condition impact on PAH (phenanthrene) toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria." Journal of Hazardous Materials 368, no. : 274-280.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Soil Research
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The aim of this research was to compare the effects of organic (ORG, no mineral fertilisers and pesticides) and conventional (CON, with mineral fertilisation and plant protection chemicals) crop production systems on some soil properties: soil organic matter (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) contents, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic microbial diversity (Biolog EcoPlate™). Samples of Haplic Luvisol soil were collected from 23-year-old experimental fields under winter wheat from the depth layers of 0–5, 5–10, 15–20 and 30–35cm. Soil under ORG showed higher contents of SOM, POM and POM expressed as a percentage of SOM by 16.0%, 25.6% and 23.9% respectively, in particular down to 5cm depth, compared with the CON system. Also, dehydrogenase activity was 47.5% higher under the ORG than the CON system. The Biolog EcoPlate revealed higher metabolic microbial diversity in soil under ORG crop production system compared with CON. This result was supported by the average well colour development and Shannon’s diversity index values. Significant correlations between soil quality parameters and winter wheat yield confirmed their effectiveness as indicators of soil disturbance. The results showed that the ORG system much better maintained SOM and soil fertility compared with CON.

ACS Style

Anna M. Gajda; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Karolina Furtak; Krzysztof Jończyk. Effects of crop production practices on soil characteristics and metabolic diversity of microbial communities under winter wheat. Soil Research 2019, 57, 124 .

AMA Style

Anna M. Gajda, Ewa Antonina Czyż, Karolina Furtak, Krzysztof Jończyk. Effects of crop production practices on soil characteristics and metabolic diversity of microbial communities under winter wheat. Soil Research. 2019; 57 (2):124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna M. Gajda; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Karolina Furtak; Krzysztof Jończyk. 2019. "Effects of crop production practices on soil characteristics and metabolic diversity of microbial communities under winter wheat." Soil Research 57, no. 2: 124.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2018 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the mutual relations between the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions: fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA), humins (HN), black carbon (BC) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) accumulation level in agricultural soils influenced by historical and actual anthropopressure. The research allowed to indicate which fractions of SOM are the major sequestration sinks for PAHs after they are naturally introduced into the soil. Soil samples were collected from the upper layer of agricultural soils (n = 41), and basic physicochemical properties (pHKCl, total carbon, total nitrogen and clay content) were determined. The SOM was characterised by the total organic carbon content and humic substances, including HA, FA and HN, determined by an adapted method recommended by the International Humic Substances Society. The extracts of HA and FA were analysed for carbon content using a liquid CN analyser, while HN constituted the soil carbon in the residue after FA and HA extraction. The content of BC was analysed by dry combustion at 375 °C for 24 h (CTO375); the remaining carbon was determined via combustion in an elemental analyser. In all soils, significant positive relations between PAH concentrations and TOC content (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) as well as HN (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and BC (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) were noted. Relations among PAHs, HN and BC were statistically significant only in soils with TOC content ≥ 12 g kg−1, while they were not observed for soils with TOC content < 12 g kg−1. The links between HN and PAHs were stronger for low-molecular (two and three rings)-weight PAHs (r = 0.77, p < 0.05) than for high-molecular (≥ four rings) PAHs (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Contrary to HN, the BC faction showed higher correlations with high-molecular-weight PAHs (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). FA and HA showed no significant relationship with hydrocarbons. Different SOM fractions might possess divergent binding capabilities and dissimilar binding strengths to PAHs. The different proportions and sorption capacities of BC and HN in relation to PAHs of different molecular weight are the result of varying structure, i.e. polar and non-polar functionalities in sorption domains and pore-size structures of these fractions. The high correlation between BC and higher-molecular PAHs may be a result of their co-emission, while the stronger relationships between HN and lower-molecular PAHs are directly related to their higher mobility and easier diffusion to stable SOM fractions.

ACS Style

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Bożena Smreczak; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2018, 19, 1890 -1900.

AMA Style

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga, Bożena Smreczak, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2018; 19 (4):1890-1900.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga; Bożena Smreczak; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas. 2018. "Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 4: 1890-1900.

Original paper
Published: 22 November 2018 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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The aim of the study was ecological risk assessment (ERA) of the agricultural soils located in the vicinity of the highly industrialized area and exposed to different emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we demonstrated the combination of generic and site-specific ERA approach for screening assessment and delineation of the area of a high ecological risk. Generic approach was based on a hazard quotient and indicated that 62% of the research area needs further assessment. For site-specific evaluation, the Triad approach was utilized. Information from three lines of evidence (LoE): chemical, ecotoxicological and ecological, was integrated into one environmental risk (EnvRI) index. The chemical risk was derived from toxic pressure coefficients based on the total PAHs concentration. The ecotoxicological LoE included an acute toxicity testing: the luminescent bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri activity in both liquid- and solid-phase samples and the ability of crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus to food uptake. The ecological LoE comprised microbial parameters related to soil respiration and enzymatic activity. Integrated EnvRI index ranged from 0.44 to 0.94 and was mainly influenced by high values of chemical LoE risk, while the ecotoxicological and ecological LoE indicated no or low risk. Due to the relatively high uncertainty associated with the contradictory information given by LoEs, there is the need to confirm potential risk in a tier 2 analysis.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Bożena Smreczak. Triad-based screening risk assessment of the agricultural area exposed to the long-term PAHs contamination. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2018, 41, 1369 -1385.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach, Bożena Smreczak. Triad-based screening risk assessment of the agricultural area exposed to the long-term PAHs contamination. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2018; 41 (3):1369-1385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach; Bożena Smreczak. 2018. "Triad-based screening risk assessment of the agricultural area exposed to the long-term PAHs contamination." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 41, no. 3: 1369-1385.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2018 in Zemdirbyste-Agriculture
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ACS Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Michał Kopeć; Tomáš Lošák. Effect of coapplication of poultry litter biochar and mineral fertilisers on soil quality and crop yield. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 2018, 105, 203 -210.

AMA Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Krzysztof Gondek, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Michał Kopeć, Tomáš Lošák. Effect of coapplication of poultry litter biochar and mineral fertilisers on soil quality and crop yield. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 2018; 105 (3):203-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Michał Kopeć; Tomáš Lošák. 2018. "Effect of coapplication of poultry litter biochar and mineral fertilisers on soil quality and crop yield." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 105, no. 3: 203-210.

Original paper
Published: 27 March 2018 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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The aim of the study was to assess the content, distribution, soil binding capacity, and ecological risk of cadmium and lead in the soils of Malopolska (South Poland). The investigation of 320 soil samples from differently used land (grassland, arable land, forest, wasteland) revealed a very high variation in the metal content in the soils. The pollution of soils with cadmium and lead is moderate. Generally, a point source of lead and cadmium pollution was noted in the study area. The highest content of cadmium and lead was found in the northwestern part of the area—the industrial zones (mining and metallurgical activity). These findings are confirmed by the arrangement of semivariogram surfaces and bivariate Moran’s correlation coefficients. Among the different types of land use, forest soils had by far the highest mean content of bioavailable forms of both metals. The results showed a higher soil binding capacity for lead than for cadmium. However, for both metals, extremely high (class 5) accumulation capacities were dominant. Based on the results, the investigated soils had a low (Pb) and moderate (Cd) ecological risk on living components. Soil properties, such as organic C, pH, sand, silt, and clay content, correlated with the content of total and bioavailable forms of metals in the soils. The correlations, despite being statistically significant, were characterized by very low values of correlation coefficient (r = 0.12–0.20, at p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the obtained data do not allow to define any conclusions as to the relationships between these soil properties. However, it must be highlighted that there was a very strong positive correlation between the total content of cadmium and lead and their bioavailable forms in the soils.

ACS Style

Jerzy Wieczorek; Agnieszka Baran; Krzysztof Urbański; Ryszard Mazurek; Agnieszka Klimowicz-Pawlas. Assessment of the pollution and ecological risk of lead and cadmium in soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2018, 40, 2325 -2342.

AMA Style

Jerzy Wieczorek, Agnieszka Baran, Krzysztof Urbański, Ryszard Mazurek, Agnieszka Klimowicz-Pawlas. Assessment of the pollution and ecological risk of lead and cadmium in soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2018; 40 (6):2325-2342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jerzy Wieczorek; Agnieszka Baran; Krzysztof Urbański; Ryszard Mazurek; Agnieszka Klimowicz-Pawlas. 2018. "Assessment of the pollution and ecological risk of lead and cadmium in soils." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 40, no. 6: 2325-2342.

Article
Published: 05 February 2018 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Production of biochar from sewage sludge may be a promising solution for sewage sludge management and improvement of soil properties, including carbon dioxide sequestration. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of biochars derived from different sewage sludges on soil physicochemical and biological properties, ecotoxicity and plant yield. Three biochars (produced at a temperature of 300 °C) were applied into sandy acid soil in doses of 0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w). Depending on the kind and dose, the application of sewage sludge biochars into the soil caused diverse effects on the parameters of soil biological activity (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and value of metabolic quotient). No correlation between the applied dose of biochars and inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence was observed. The factor with a stronger impact on the activity of V. fischeri was the type of biochar. The use of Ostracodtoxkit F test allowed to demonstrate that the addition of sewage sludge biochar (regardless of its dose) reduced the soil toxicity to Heterocypris incongruens compared to the control soil. A significant increase of Poa pratensis L. biomass was obtained in soils with 1% and 2% additions of each of biochars. The addition biochars in doses 1% and 2% to the soil had greater effect on the content of mobile forms of Cu, Pb and Cd than its 0.5% dose compared to the control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Agnieszka Baran; Tomasz Bajda. Sewage sludge biochars management-Ecotoxicity, mobility of heavy metals, and soil microbial biomass. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37, 1197 -1207.

AMA Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Krzysztof Gondek, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka Baran, Tomasz Bajda. Sewage sludge biochars management-Ecotoxicity, mobility of heavy metals, and soil microbial biomass. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 37 (4):1197-1207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek; Krzysztof Gondek; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Agnieszka Baran; Tomasz Bajda. 2018. "Sewage sludge biochars management-Ecotoxicity, mobility of heavy metals, and soil microbial biomass." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 4: 1197-1207.

Research article
Published: 21 August 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The aims of the study were to investigate the concentration, sources and ecological risk of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in bottom sediments collected from nine reservoirs located in south-eastern Poland. The concentration of ∑PAHs in sediments ranged from 150 to 33,900 μg kg−1. The total PAH concentration in the bottom sediments was arranged in the following order: Rybnik > Rzeszów > Brzóza Królewska > Brzóza Stadnicka > Besko > Chechło > Ożanna > Głuchów > Narożniki. BAP was the major compound in sediments from the Besko, Brzóza Stadnicka and Rzeszów reservoirs; FLT in the sediments from the Rybnik, Narożniki, Ożanna and Brzóza Królewska reservoirs; and FLN from the Głuchów and Chechło reservoirs. The major inputs of PAHs were of pyrolytic origin. However, petrogenic sources of PAHs occurred especially in the Chechło and Głuchów reservoirs. The ecological risk assessment indicated that non-adverse effects on the benthic fauna may occur for sediments from the Głuchów, Narozniki and Ożanna reservoirs, while slightly adverse effects were found for sediments from the Brzóza Królewska, Besko, Brzóza Stadnicka and Chechło reservoirs. The other sediments showed moderate (Rzeszów reservoirs) and strong effect (Rybnik reservoir) on biological communities. Individual PAHs such as NAP, PHE, FLT, PYR, BAA, CHR and BAP in sediments from the Rybnik reservoir and BAP in sediments from the Rzeszów reservoirs indicated a higher possibility of occurrence of an adverse ecological effect. PCA analysis found slight difference between the reservoirs in the profile of variable PAHs. Only the sediments from the Rybnik and Chechło reservoirs differ considerably from this grouping.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Baran; Marek Tarnawski; Krzysztof Urbański; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Iwona Spałek. Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 23180 -23195.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Baran, Marek Tarnawski, Krzysztof Urbański, Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Iwona Spałek. Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (29):23180-23195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Baran; Marek Tarnawski; Krzysztof Urbański; Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas; Iwona Spałek. 2017. "Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 29: 23180-23195.