Objective: To evaluate the influence of implant length on marginal bone loss, comparing implants of 4 mm, 6 mm, and >8 mm, supporting two splinted crowns after 36-month functional loading. Materials and Methods: this retrospective clinical trial evaluated the peri-implant behavior of splinted crowns (two per case) on pairs of implants of the same length placed in the posterior maxilla (molar area). Implants were divided into three groups according to length (Group 1: extra-short 4 mm; Group 2: short 6 mm; Group 3: conventional length >8 mm). Marginal bone loss was analyzed using standardized periapical radiographs at the time of loading and 36 months later. Results: 24 patients (19 women and 5 men) were divided into three groups, eight rehabilitations per group, in the position of the maxillary first and second molars. The 48 Straumann^® Standard Plus (Regular Neck (RN)/Wide Neck (WN)) implants were examined after 36 months of functional loading. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in bone loss between the three groups (p = 0.421). No implant suffered biological complications or implant loss. Long implants were associated with less radiographic bone loss. Conclusions: extra-short (4 mm); short (6 mm); and conventional length (>8 mm) implants in the posterior maxilla present similar peri-implant bone loss and 100% survival rates in rehabilitation, by means of two splinted crowns after 36 months of functional loading. Implants placed in posterior positions present better bone loss results than implants placed in anterior positions, regardless of the interproximal area where bone loss is measured. Conventional length (>8 mm) implants show better behavior in terms of distal bone loss than short (6 mm) and extra-short (4 mm) implants.

The prevalence of white spots on teeth has increased in recent years. Regardless of their etiology, these lesions are characterized by a reduction in the enamel’s mineral phase, which is replaced by organic fluids. This causes an alteration of its chemical composition that affects its optical characteristics. Subsurface demineralization increases the pore volume of enamel, which in turn changes its optical refraction and results in the opaque color of white spot lesions. Here, we examined a non-invasive clinical technique used for eliminating these white spot lesions from enamel via two HCl-based products at different concentrations (6.6% and 15%). We used a digital method for evaluating the volumetric changes produced in dental enamel by the application of both products, one of which involved chemical erosion and the other, abrasive erosion. The mean volume of the enamel eliminated was −0.042 mm in 15% HCl, and −0.12 mm in 6.6% HCl. Thus, both 15% HCl and 6.6% HCl are capable of eroding the surface of the tooth enamel without reaching dentin. Moreover, 6.6% HCl produced a greater erosion of the dental enamel and left the surface a texture typical of an abrasive chemical-erosive product. The 15% HCl, however, produced an etching pattern typical of an erosive chemical with open enamel prisms prepared for subsequent adhesive procedures and restorers.

Background: Dental bleaching has become an everyday procedure for treating teeth presenting discoloration, as a therapy on its own or as a part of restorative dentistry. The most widely used bleaching products available for vital teeth are hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, marketed as a range of products adapted to different treatment modes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical whitening efficacy of four high-concentration bleaching products for vital teeth applied in single in-office sessions. Methods: This clinical trial included 40 patients divided into four groups according to the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide-based (HP) product used (Group 1: HP 35%; Group 2: HP 37.5%; Group 3: HP 38%; Group 4: HP 40%). Each patient received one in-office whitening treatment of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (incisors, canines, and premolars), making a total of 791 teeth. The color changes produced in central incisors and canines were measured. Results: All groups underwent significant color changes from initial to final evaluations for color parameters L*, a*, and b*. No significant differences between the four groups were found for either the L* or a* parameters. Analysis of the b* parameter found significant differences between the HP 38% group and the HP 35% group. No significant differences in ΔE were found between the four groups (ANOVA p = 0.174). HP 38% obtained the highest ΔE (4.63), while HP 40% obtained 4.01. Conclusions: A single in-office whitening session, regardless of the bleaching product used, modifies tooth color effectively. All four products achieved increases in the L* parameter and significant reductions in parameters a* and b*. The ΔE did not show significant differences between the four groups. In-office whitening with high concentration hydrogen-peroxide-based products was found to be an effective treatment for moderate and severe dental discoloration.

Objectives: To analyze the impact of implantoplasty on the mechanical resistance of dental implants, considering different implantoplasty designs and implant types. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, along with a manual search for additional relevant studies. In vitro studies assessing the mechanical resistance of dental implants subjected to implantoplasty were included. A total of 136 studies were identified; after duplicate removal using Rayyan, and screening by title and abstract, 17 studies were ultimately selected after full-text assessment. Results: In vitro studies on external hexagon implants showed that fracture resistance in control groups ranged from 773.1 N to 1660 N for implants with a 4 mm diameter, and from 478.1 N to 1650 N after implantoplasty. For 3.5 mm diameter implants, values ranged from 548.8 N to 1276.1 N in control groups, and from 465.9 N to 1211.7 N after implantoplasty. In internal hexagon connections, fracture resistance after implantoplasty ranged between 321.7 N and 739 N. Conical connections exhibited a broader range of resistance values after implantoplasty, from 315.9 N to 2395.3 N. Conclusions: Implantoplasty reduces the mechanical strength of dental implants. Increased implantoplasty length correlates with decreased resistance, particularly affecting narrow implants. The prosthetic connection most affected by this procedure is the external hexagon, followed by the internal hexagon, with the conical connection being the most resistant.

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