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Water bodies and aquatic ecosystems are threatened by discharges of industrial waters. Ecotoxicological effects of components occurring in untreated and treated wastewaters are often not considered. The use of a linear, multi-compartmented, non-forced, static system constructed with PET bottles is proposed for the quality assessment of treated waters, to deal with such limitations. Two synthetic waters, one simulating wastewater from the textile industry and the other one simulating wastewater from the cassava starch industry, were prepared and treated by homogeneous Fenton process and heterogeneous photocatalysis, respectively. Untreated and treated synthetic waters and their dilutions were placed into compartments of the non-forced exposure system, in which zebrafish (Danio rerio), the indicator organism, could select the environment of its preference. Basic physical–chemical and chemical parameters of untreated and treated synthetic waters were measured. The preference and avoidance responses allowed verification of whether or not the quality of the water was improved due to the treatment. The results of these assays can be a complement to conventional parameters of water quality.
Tamia Cabascango; Karol Ortiz; Christian Sandoval Pauker; Isabel Espinoza Pavón; Anuradha Ramoji; Jürgen Popp; Jady Pérez; C. Pinto; José Rivera-Parra; Florinella Muñoz-Bisesti; María Aldás; Cristiano Araújo; Paul Vargas Jentzsch. Assessment of Advanced Oxidation Processes Using Zebrafish in a Non-Forced Exposure System: A Proof of Concept. Processes 2021, 9, 734 .
AMA StyleTamia Cabascango, Karol Ortiz, Christian Sandoval Pauker, Isabel Espinoza Pavón, Anuradha Ramoji, Jürgen Popp, Jady Pérez, C. Pinto, José Rivera-Parra, Florinella Muñoz-Bisesti, María Aldás, Cristiano Araújo, Paul Vargas Jentzsch. Assessment of Advanced Oxidation Processes Using Zebrafish in a Non-Forced Exposure System: A Proof of Concept. Processes. 2021; 9 (5):734.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamia Cabascango; Karol Ortiz; Christian Sandoval Pauker; Isabel Espinoza Pavón; Anuradha Ramoji; Jürgen Popp; Jady Pérez; C. Pinto; José Rivera-Parra; Florinella Muñoz-Bisesti; María Aldás; Cristiano Araújo; Paul Vargas Jentzsch. 2021. "Assessment of Advanced Oxidation Processes Using Zebrafish in a Non-Forced Exposure System: A Proof of Concept." Processes 9, no. 5: 734.
The current research investigated the potential environmental risk of the polycyclic musk compounds, Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN), in the marine environments. These substances are lipophilic, bioaccumulated, and potentially biomagnified in aquatic organisms. To understand the toxicity of HHCB and AHTN, acute toxicity tests were performed by exposing marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tretraselmis chuii, and Isochrysis galbana), crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus), bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Sparus aurata), and a candidate freshwater microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.005–5 µg/L) following standardized protocols (US EPA, Environment Canada and OECD). P. tricornutum and I. galbana were sensitive to both substances and for P. tricornutum exposed to HHCB and AHTN, the IC10 values (the inhibition concentration at which 10% microalgae growth inhibition was observed) were 0.127 and 0.002 µg/L, respectively, while IC10 values calculated for I. galbana were 5.22 µg/L (a little higher than the highest concentration) and 0.328 µg/L, for HHCB and AHTN, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) concentration dependent responses were measured in P. lividus and M. galloprovincialis larvae developments, as well as S. aurata mortality tested with HHCB. The effect of HHCB on P. lividus larvae development was the most sensitive endpoint recorded, producing an EC50 value (the effect concentration at which 50% effect was observed) of 4.063 µg/L. Considering the risk quotients both substances seem to represent high environmental risk to P. tricornutum and M. galloprovincialis in marine environments.
Friday Ehiguese; M. González-Delgado; Carmen Garrido-Perez; Cristiano Araújo; M. Martin-Diaz. Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Marine Microalgae, Invertebrates, and Fish. Processes 2021, 9, 371 .
AMA StyleFriday Ehiguese, M. González-Delgado, Carmen Garrido-Perez, Cristiano Araújo, M. Martin-Diaz. Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Marine Microalgae, Invertebrates, and Fish. Processes. 2021; 9 (2):371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFriday Ehiguese; M. González-Delgado; Carmen Garrido-Perez; Cristiano Araújo; M. Martin-Diaz. 2021. "Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Marine Microalgae, Invertebrates, and Fish." Processes 9, no. 2: 371.
The current research investigated the environmental risk of the polycyclic musk compounds, Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN), in the marine environments. These substances are lipophilic, bioaccumulated and potentially biomagnified in aquatic organisms. To understand the toxicity of HHCB and AHTN, we performed acute toxicity tests by exposing marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tretraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana), crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus), bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Sparus aurata) and a candidate freshwater microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.005 - 5 µg/L) following standardized protocols. The effects of both substances on microalgae growth were incipient and only I. galbana was sensitive to HHCB and AHTN, with IC10 values of 5.22 µg/L and 0.328 µg/L, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) concentration dependent responses were measured in P. lividus and M. galloprovincialis larvae developments as well as S. aurata mortality tested with HHCB. The effect of HHCB on P. lividus larvae development was the most sensitive endpoint recorded, producing an EC50 value of 4.07 µg/L. Our results show that HHCB represents a high risk to P. lividus larvae development for early life stages in marine environments.
Friday Ojie Ehiguese; M. Judit González-Delgado; Carmen Garrido-Perez; Cristiano V.M. Araujo; Laura Martin-Diaz. Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Early Life Stages of Marine Organisms. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFriday Ojie Ehiguese, M. Judit González-Delgado, Carmen Garrido-Perez, Cristiano V.M. Araujo, Laura Martin-Diaz. Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Early Life Stages of Marine Organisms. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFriday Ojie Ehiguese; M. Judit González-Delgado; Carmen Garrido-Perez; Cristiano V.M. Araujo; Laura Martin-Diaz. 2021. "Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Early Life Stages of Marine Organisms." , no. : 1.
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.
Cristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics 2020, 8, 118 .
AMA StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo, Abdelmourhit Laissaoui, Daniel C. V. R. Silva, Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez, Enrique González-Ortegón, Evaldo L. G. Espíndola, Francisco Baldó, Freylan Mena, Gema Parra, Julián Blasco, Julio López-Doval, Marta Sendra, Mohamed Banni, Mohammed Ariful Islam, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics. 2020; 8 (4):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. 2020. "Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?" Toxics 8, no. 4: 118.
Contamination by sunscreens has become a serious environmental problem due to the increasing use of these products in coastal regions. Their complex chemical composition supposes an input of different chemical compounds capable of producing toxic effects and repelling organisms. The aim of the current study was to experimentally check the repellency of three commercial sunscreens [A (lotion), B (gel) and C (milk spray)] by assessing the escape (displacement towards areas with lower sunscreen levels) of the estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians exposed (4 h) to a gradient (0-300 mg/L) of the sunscreens in a heterogeneous non-forced exposure scenario. Additionally, mortality and immobility (72 h) were checked in a traditional forced exposure scenario. Considering that the toxicity of sunscreens is a little controversial regarding their chemical availability in the medium, two different methods of sunscreen solubilisation were tested: complete homogenization and direct immersion. Very low mortality was observed in the highest concentration of sunscreens A and C applied by direct immersion; however, for sunscreen B, the main effect was the loss of motility when homogenization was applied. Repellency was evidenced for two sunscreens (A and B) applied by direct immersion. The homogenization in the medium seemed to lower the degree of repellency of the sunscreens, probably linked to the higher viscosity in the medium, preventing the motility of shrimps. By integrating both short-term responses (avoidance and mortality/immobility), the PID (population immediate decline) calculated showed that avoidance might be the main factor responsible for the reduction of the population at the local scale.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Araceli Rodriguez-Romero; Marco Fernández; Erica Sparaventi; Marina Márquez Medina; Antonio Tovar-Sánchez. Repellency and mortality effects of sunscreens on the shrimp Palaemon varians: Toxicity dependent on exposure method. Chemosphere 2020, 257, 127190 .
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Araceli Rodriguez-Romero, Marco Fernández, Erica Sparaventi, Marina Márquez Medina, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez. Repellency and mortality effects of sunscreens on the shrimp Palaemon varians: Toxicity dependent on exposure method. Chemosphere. 2020; 257 ():127190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Araceli Rodriguez-Romero; Marco Fernández; Erica Sparaventi; Marina Márquez Medina; Antonio Tovar-Sánchez. 2020. "Repellency and mortality effects of sunscreens on the shrimp Palaemon varians: Toxicity dependent on exposure method." Chemosphere 257, no. : 127190.
When shrimps select a habitat, the presence of elements like predators, shelter and contamination might determine if an area is preferred or avoided. We hypothesised that when shrimps are exposed to a situation in which they have to select whether to avoid contamination, seek shelter or protect themselves against predators, they will avoid the situation that supposes a higher cost for their survival (cost-benefits balance). The current study aimed to assess the plasticity of the selection behaviour of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii between moving to a clean and unprotected area (no shelter and with a risk of predation), thus avoiding exposure to contamination, or moving to a contaminated and protected area (with shelters), thereby avoiding potential predators. Shrimps were experimentally exposed in a free-choice system simulating a heterogeneous environment with a contaminant (copper), shelter and a predator signal (kairomones of Salmo trutta). The shrimps avoided the copper by moving towards a less contaminated area, both in the absence or presence of shelter. When confronted with a choice between a cleaner zone with no shelter and a contaminated zone with shelter, the shrimps preferred being in the cleanest area. However, when the uncontaminated area contained a predator signal, the shrimps balanced the risk of predation and exposure to contamination by selecting a moderately contaminated area relatively further away from the predator signals. In summary, contamination might favour a plasticity of the habitat selection behaviour of shrimps, modifying the cost-benefits balance of such a selection.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Karyna C. Pereira; Erica Sparaventi; Enrique González-Ortegón; Julian Blasco. Contamination may induce behavioural plasticity in the habitat selection by shrimps: A cost-benefits balance involving contamination, shelter and predation. Environmental Pollution 2020, 263, 114545 .
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Karyna C. Pereira, Erica Sparaventi, Enrique González-Ortegón, Julian Blasco. Contamination may induce behavioural plasticity in the habitat selection by shrimps: A cost-benefits balance involving contamination, shelter and predation. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 263 ():114545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Karyna C. Pereira; Erica Sparaventi; Enrique González-Ortegón; Julian Blasco. 2020. "Contamination may induce behavioural plasticity in the habitat selection by shrimps: A cost-benefits balance involving contamination, shelter and predation." Environmental Pollution 263, no. : 114545.
Julián Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Rui Ribeiro; Matilde Moreira-Santos. Do Contaminants Influence the Spatial Distribution of Aquatic Species? How New Perspectives on Ecotoxicological Assays Might Answer This Question. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2019, 39, 7 -8.
AMA StyleJulián Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo, Rui Ribeiro, Matilde Moreira-Santos. Do Contaminants Influence the Spatial Distribution of Aquatic Species? How New Perspectives on Ecotoxicological Assays Might Answer This Question. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2019; 39 (1):7-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulián Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Rui Ribeiro; Matilde Moreira-Santos. 2019. "Do Contaminants Influence the Spatial Distribution of Aquatic Species? How New Perspectives on Ecotoxicological Assays Might Answer This Question." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39, no. 1: 7-8.
The traditional ecotoxicity assays (forced exposure) tend to use organisms that are cultured under controlled conditions or that come from undisturbed ecosystems, with no (or negligible) previous contact with contamination. The same occurs in the non-forced approach, in which organisms are exposed to a contamination gradient and can move between different concentrations choosing the less toxic one. Considering that organisms inhabiting contaminated ecosystems tend to be gradually exposed to contamination, an abrupt exposure from uncontaminated conditions to a contaminated environment might present two problems: lack of ecological relevance to a scenario where the contamination occurs gradually and a magnification of the toxicity due to the sudden change in the environmental conditions. Therefore, a key question should be addressed: might a previous exposure to contamination reduce the organisms' perception of the danger of a contaminant (hypothesis of time-delayed avoidance due to pre-acclimation-TDADP), altering their avoidance response pattern? We tested the avoidance of zebrafish (Danio rerio: ±2 months old) populations when exposed to a copper gradient (0-400 μg/L). The populations differed according to the period (24 h and 7 and 30 days) in which they were acclimated to copper (ca. 400 μg/L). The avoidance in the 2 h experiments changed as a consequence of the acclimation period. In the population that was not previously acclimated, 40% of the fish moved to the less contaminated compartment and only 6.7% stayed in the most contaminated one; for the other populations those values were, respectively, 31 and 11% (24 h-acclimation), 28 and 26% (7 day-acclimation) and 19 and 27% (30 day-acclimation). An abrupt exposure to a contaminant might overestimate the response if this is analyzed in the short-term. When the avoidance tests were prolonged to 24 h, the avoidance tended to reach similar values to those of the non-acclimated population, thus supporting our TDADP hypothesis.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; João Rodolfo S. Pontes; Julián Blasco. Does the previous exposure to copper alter the pattern of avoidance by zebrafish in a copper gradient scenario? Hypothesis of time-delayed avoidance due to pre-acclimation. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 694, 133703 .
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, João Rodolfo S. Pontes, Julián Blasco. Does the previous exposure to copper alter the pattern of avoidance by zebrafish in a copper gradient scenario? Hypothesis of time-delayed avoidance due to pre-acclimation. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 694 ():133703.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; João Rodolfo S. Pontes; Julián Blasco. 2019. "Does the previous exposure to copper alter the pattern of avoidance by zebrafish in a copper gradient scenario? Hypothesis of time-delayed avoidance due to pre-acclimation." Science of The Total Environment 694, no. : 133703.
Nanoplastics (NPs) have become one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays. The environmental issues linked to NPs are attributed to the effects after ingestion in marine organisms. Due to the incipient and controversial information about the effects of PS NPs on the feeding of organisms, the aim of this work is to assess (i) digestion dynamics of Artemia franciscana when exposed to PS NPs as the lowest concentration of PS NPs reported in toxicity test [0 (control), 0.006 and 0.6 mg·L-1] and possible interferences in the ingestion of microalgae and (ii) the accumulation and depuration of PS NPs by A. franciscana. Artemia were subjected to ingestion experiments [24 h and 3.5 h], in which the organisms were exposed to PS NPs or to PS NPs + microalgae. Post-exposure feeding (24 h exposure and 2 h feeding) and depuration (24 h exposure and 24 h of depuration) were also carried out. More than 90% of the PS NPs were ingested by Artemia and bioaccumulated in the mandible, stomach, gut, tail gut and appendages after 24 h. The ingestion of microalgae was not affected by the presence of the PS NPs. Data of post-exposure feeding indicated that Artemia previously exposed to plastic and/or microalgae presented similar microalgal ingestion (around 70%); the highest microalgal consumption (around 90%) was recorded in the treatment in which Artemia were previously starved (no plastic and no microalgae). The presence of PS NPs in the gut after the depuration experiments indicates that 24 h was not enough to eliminate the PS NPs.
Marta Sendra; Erica Sparaventi; Julián Blasco; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Cristiano Araújo. Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 188, 109853 .
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Erica Sparaventi, Julián Blasco, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido, Cristiano Araújo. Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 188 ():109853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Erica Sparaventi; Julián Blasco; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido; Cristiano Araújo. 2019. "Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 188, no. : 109853.
Contamination seems to exert a crucial role in the spatial distribution of some organisms, such as shrimps and fish. Both, especially the freshwater fish Danio rerio and the shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii, have been tested experimentally for their avoidance response and have showed the ability to escape from toxic effects. As the behavior of avoiding or not the contamination might be altered in the presence of other factors, the aim of the current study was to verify whether the avoidance response of both species, when exposed jointly (multispecies tests), to a copper gradient is different from the avoidance response observed in monospecies tests. The avoidance was assessed in a multi-compartmented exposure system, in which a copper gradient was simulated. Organisms were tested individually and together. Both species avoided potentially toxic copper concentrations; however, shrimps were slightly more sensitive in the monospecies tests: AC50 (avoidance concentration for 50% of the population) of 60 (53-68) μg/L for the zebrafish and 50 (45-56) μg/L for the shrimp. In the multispecies tests, the sensitivity pattern changed: the avoidance response by the fish [AC50: 30 (14-46) μg/L] was greater than by the shrimps [AC50: 70 (22-141) μg/L]. Although the AC50 values are in the same order of magnitude, a slight trend to change the avoidance pattern was observed in the shrimps during multispecies test: the avoidance was lower and time-delayed. This behavioral change could be linked to the stress caused by the zebrafish sharing the space with the shrimps, perhaps increasing the territorialism of the fish, or a delay in the shrimps detecting the risk of contamination.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; João Rodolfo S. Pontes; Julian Blasco. Might the interspecies interaction between fish and shrimps change the pattern of their avoidance response to contamination? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 186, 109757 .
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, João Rodolfo S. Pontes, Julian Blasco. Might the interspecies interaction between fish and shrimps change the pattern of their avoidance response to contamination? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 186 ():109757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; João Rodolfo S. Pontes; Julian Blasco. 2019. "Might the interspecies interaction between fish and shrimps change the pattern of their avoidance response to contamination?" Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 186, no. : 109757.
As the exposure of organisms to contaminants can provoke harmful effects, some organisms try to avoid a continuous exposure by using different strategies. The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of the shrimp Palaemon varians to detect a triclosan gradient and escape to less contaminated areas. Two multi-compartmented exposure systems (the linear system and the HeMHAS-Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System) were used and then results were compared. Finally, it was aimed how sensitive the avoidance response is by comparing it with other endpoints through a sensitivity profile by biological groups and the species sensitive distribution. The distribution of the shrimps along the triclosan gradient was dependent on the concentrations, not exceeding 3% for 54 μg/L in the linear system and 7% for 81 μg/L in the HeMHAS; 25% of organisms preferred the compartment with the lowest concentrations in both systems. Half of the population seems to avoid concentrations around 40-50 μg/L. The triclosan concentration that might start (threshold) to trigger an important avoidance (around 20%) was estimated to be of 18 μg/L. The profile of sensitivity to triclosan showed that avoidance by shrimps was less sensitive than microalgae growth and avoidance by guppy; however, it might occur even at concentrations considered safe for more than 95% of the species. In summary, (i) the HeMHAS proved to be a suitable system to simulate heterogeneous contamination scenarios, (ii) triclosan triggered the avoidance response in P. varians, and (iii) the avoidance was very sensitive compared to other ecotoxicological responses.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Livia Gómez; Daniel C.V.R. Silva; Marina G. Pintado-Herrera; Pablo A. Lara-Martín; Miriam Hampel; Julián Blasco. Risk of triclosan based on avoidance by the shrimp Palaemon varians in a heterogeneous contamination scenario: How sensitive is this approach? Chemosphere 2019, 235, 126 -135.
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Livia Gómez, Daniel C.V.R. Silva, Marina G. Pintado-Herrera, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, Miriam Hampel, Julián Blasco. Risk of triclosan based on avoidance by the shrimp Palaemon varians in a heterogeneous contamination scenario: How sensitive is this approach? Chemosphere. 2019; 235 ():126-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Livia Gómez; Daniel C.V.R. Silva; Marina G. Pintado-Herrera; Pablo A. Lara-Martín; Miriam Hampel; Julián Blasco. 2019. "Risk of triclosan based on avoidance by the shrimp Palaemon varians in a heterogeneous contamination scenario: How sensitive is this approach?" Chemosphere 235, no. : 126-135.
The musk fragrances galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are compounds of emerging concern that have been found in various environmental compartments. The present study addressed the ability of HHCB and AHTN to elicit the avoidance response in the estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians and to predict the population immediate decline (PID) of P. varians when exposed to HHCB and AHTN by integrating both avoidance (non-forced exposure) and lethality (forced exposure) responses. The avoidance response was tested in a non-forced multi-compartmented static system, in which the shrimps could move freely among the compartments with different concentrations. The shrimps (n = 3 shrimps per compartment/concentration; 18 shrimps per system) were exposed to a gradient (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L) of both substances and their positions were checked at every 20 min for a 3 h period. The results from 24-h forced exposure showed no dose-response relationship and the highest percentage mortality was 17% for HHCB at 0.005 and 0.5 μg/L. In the 3-h non-forced exposure to a gradient of HHCB and AHTN, significant concentration-dependent spatial avoidance was observed for both substances. The shrimps avoided the lowest concentration of HHCB and AHTN (0.005 μg/L) by 15% and 16%. The avoidance increased significantly (p < 0.005) to a 61% and 57%, respectively, for the highest concentration (50 μg/L). The population immediate decline was driven by the avoidance behaviour of the shrimps rather than mortality. These results indicated that the aversiveness of HHCB and AHTN might have serious consequences for habitat selection processes by organisms.
Friday Ojie Ehiguese; María Del Carmen Corada Fernandez; Pablo A. Lara-Martín; M. Laura Martín-Díaz; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Avoidance behaviour of the shrimp Palaemon varians regarding a contaminant gradient of galaxolide and tonalide in seawater. Chemosphere 2019, 232, 113 -120.
AMA StyleFriday Ojie Ehiguese, María Del Carmen Corada Fernandez, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, M. Laura Martín-Díaz, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Avoidance behaviour of the shrimp Palaemon varians regarding a contaminant gradient of galaxolide and tonalide in seawater. Chemosphere. 2019; 232 ():113-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFriday Ojie Ehiguese; María Del Carmen Corada Fernandez; Pablo A. Lara-Martín; M. Laura Martín-Díaz; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2019. "Avoidance behaviour of the shrimp Palaemon varians regarding a contaminant gradient of galaxolide and tonalide in seawater." Chemosphere 232, no. : 113-120.
In contaminated aquatic ecosystems, it is expected that organisms suffer some effects caused by the contaminants. However, for mobile organisms inhabiting heterogeneously contaminated ecosystems, the continuous exposure to contaminants can be avoided by moving to less contaminated habitats. The present study evaluated the habitat selection of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii experimentally exposed to different copper concentrations to verify whether the heterogeneous contamination distribution and the connectivity between habitats with different copper levels could generate a random population distribution similar to metapopulation. The experiments were performed in the HeMHAS (Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System), a non-forced multi-compartmented exposure system, in which it is possible to simulate the distribution of contaminants in a linear gradient or as patches of contamination. Copper was used to simulate a linear contamination gradient (26 to 105 μg/L Cu) and two patchy scenarios with three contamination levels [reference zone (R: 26 ± 7 μg/L Cu), mixing zone (M: 61 ± 2 μg/L Cu) and disturbed zone (D: 101 ± 12 μg/L Cu)], with two mixing zones or one central mixing zone in a heterogeneous scenario. In the copper gradient scenario, a clear trend of shrimps (59.6 ± 8.0% of the population) moving to the reference zones and an avoidance of 66.7 ± 11.1% of the most contaminated zone were observed. For the patchy scenarios, a random distribution of organisms (34, 36 and 30% for R, M and D zones, respectively) was observed in the scenario with one mixing zone; on the other hand, a slight preference for the reference zones (44.9 ± 4.8%) was evidenced in the scenario with two mixing zones. As shrimps are able to select less contaminated areas, it is highly important to preserve clean zones in heterogeneously contaminated environments, such as the arrangement in meta-ecosystems, as the less- or uncontaminated zones might represent less stressful areas to protect populations against continuous contamination exposure.
Victoria C. Vera-Vera; Francisco Guerrero; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Habitat selection response of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii experimentally exposed to heterogeneous copper contamination scenarios. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 662, 816 -823.
AMA StyleVictoria C. Vera-Vera, Francisco Guerrero, Julian Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Habitat selection response of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii experimentally exposed to heterogeneous copper contamination scenarios. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 662 ():816-823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria C. Vera-Vera; Francisco Guerrero; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2019. "Habitat selection response of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii experimentally exposed to heterogeneous copper contamination scenarios." Science of The Total Environment 662, no. : 816-823.
Matilde Moreira-Santos; Rui Ribeiro; Cristiano Araújo. What if aquatic animals move away from pesticide-contaminated habitats before suffering adverse physiological effects? A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 49, 989 -1025.
AMA StyleMatilde Moreira-Santos, Rui Ribeiro, Cristiano Araújo. What if aquatic animals move away from pesticide-contaminated habitats before suffering adverse physiological effects? A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 49 (11):989-1025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatilde Moreira-Santos; Rui Ribeiro; Cristiano Araújo. 2019. "What if aquatic animals move away from pesticide-contaminated habitats before suffering adverse physiological effects? A critical review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49, no. 11: 989-1025.
Marta Sendra; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles. Ecological Indicators 2018, 95, 1053 -1067.
AMA StyleMarta Sendra, Julian Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles. Ecological Indicators. 2018; 95 ():1053-1067.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Sendra; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2018. "Is the cell wall of marine phytoplankton a protective barrier or a nanoparticle interaction site? Toxicological responses of Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella salina to Ag and CeO2 nanoparticles." Ecological Indicators 95, no. : 1053-1067.
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Matilde Moreira-Santos; Rui Ribeiro. Stressor-driven emigration and recolonisation patterns in disturbed habitats. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 643, 884 -889.
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Matilde Moreira-Santos, Rui Ribeiro. Stressor-driven emigration and recolonisation patterns in disturbed habitats. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 643 ():884-889.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Matilde Moreira-Santos; Rui Ribeiro. 2018. "Stressor-driven emigration and recolonisation patterns in disturbed habitats." Science of The Total Environment 643, no. : 884-889.
The idea that the hazard of contaminants is exclusively related to their toxic effects does not consider the fact that some organisms can avoid contamination, preventing toxicity. Although in the majority of behavioral ecotoxicology studies inferences about avoidance are made, assessment of the real spatial displacement (organisms moving towards another habitat to escape from contamination) is difficult due to the type of exposure (confined and mandatory) used in the bioassays: a forced exposure approach. A complementary approach using non‐forced exposure systems to assess how contaminants affect the spatial distribution of organisms in a bi‐compartmented (toxic or non‐toxic) environment has been described for a long time. Recently, this non‐forced approach has been developed to include a multi‐compartmented system in which different samples can be simultaneously tested. The aim of this review is to describe the importance of the non‐forced, multi‐compartmented exposure approach to simulate a gradient or patches of contamination, to describe the two main exposure systems and to highlight the ecological relevance of including spatial avoidance and habitat preference to ecotoxicological studies. The multi‐compartmentalization of the system makes it possible to simulate more complex scenarios and, therefore, include new ecological concepts to bioassays. We also contrasted spatial avoidance in the non‐forced exposure systems with the behavioral endpoints measured under other exposure systems. Finally, we showed that the non‐forced, multi‐compartmented exposure approach makes it possible (i) to improve environmental risk assessments by adding the dispersion pattern of organisms in a multi‐habitat scenario and (ii) to integrate ecological concepts, such as recolonization of recovering habitats, loss of habitat connectivity, habitat fragmentation and contamination‐driven metapopulation, which have received limited attention in ecotoxicological studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Julian Blasco. Spatial avoidance as a response to contamination by aquatic organisms in nonforced, multicompartmented exposure systems: A complementary approach to the behavioral response. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 38, 312 -320.
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Julian Blasco. Spatial avoidance as a response to contamination by aquatic organisms in nonforced, multicompartmented exposure systems: A complementary approach to the behavioral response. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 38 (2):312-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Julian Blasco. 2018. "Spatial avoidance as a response to contamination by aquatic organisms in nonforced, multicompartmented exposure systems: A complementary approach to the behavioral response." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38, no. 2: 312-320.
Bioassays using the non‐forced exposure approach have shown to be a relevant tool that might complement the traditional ecotoxicological risk assessment. As the non‐forced exposure approach is based on spatial displacement of organisms and the consequent habitat selection processes, the population density might play an important role in the decision of avoiding or preferring an ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess if the avoidance response to contamination, measured in a non‐forced exposure system, is density‐dependent and how determinant contamination could be for the habitat selection process in comparison with the population density. The freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii was exposed to a copper gradient in a non‐forced exposure system formed by seven interconnected compartments (total volume: 600 mL), which contained different copper concentrations. The density treatments used were: 3, 5 and 10 organisms per compartment that correspond to 0.5, 0.8 and 1.7 organisms per 100 mL, respectively. Clearly, the avoidance response to copper was more intense in the population with the lower density: the highest population density showed the lowest avoidance. The AC50 values (concentration that triggers an avoidance of 50% of the population) were: 47, 134 and 163 µg · L−1. In summary, it was observed that shrimps were able to detect and avoid potentially toxic copper concentrations, but the avoidance response was affected by population density. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Karyna C. Pereira; Julian Blasco. Avoidance response by shrimps to a copper gradient: Does high population density prevent avoidance of contamination? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37, 3095 -3101.
AMA StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo, Karyna C. Pereira, Julian Blasco. Avoidance response by shrimps to a copper gradient: Does high population density prevent avoidance of contamination? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 37 (12):3095-3101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V.M. Araújo; Karyna C. Pereira; Julian Blasco. 2018. "Avoidance response by shrimps to a copper gradient: Does high population density prevent avoidance of contamination?" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 12: 3095-3101.
An increasing number of studies have shown the ability of organisms to escape from toxic effects due to contamination, by moving spatially towards less contaminated habitats. However, this issue has been investigated in monospecific scenarios, without considering possible interactions between species during the contamination avoidance process. It is widely known that the spatial distribution of one species can be affected by another one, in different ways. Therefore, the main question addressed in the present study was as follows: Might interspecific interaction between the freshwater fish Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy) change their behavior patterns in terms of avoidance in the presence of a copper gradient? Zebrafish and guppies exposed to a copper gradient were tested for avoidance responses in a free-choice, non-forced, static, multi-compartmented exposure system, using two distinct approaches: (1) monospecific tests, in which only one species was exposed to the copper gradient, at two different population densities; and (2) multispecific tests, in which both species were tested simultaneously. In the control (with no copper) monospecific tests, both species were randomly distributed; however, in the control multispecific test, P. reticulata tended to aggregate. In the monospecific tests with a copper gradient, both species avoided copper in a similar way, with AC50 (concentration triggering avoidance in 50% of the exposed population) values between 15 and 18 μg·L−1, irrespective of the population density. However, in the multispecific tests, P. reticulata displaced D. rerio to previously avoided copper levels, consequently increasing the AC50 of D. rerio to 75 μg·L−1. This study shows the importance of understanding the interactions among species in contaminated areas, and the way that one species can prevent the avoidance behavior of another.
Daniel C.V.R. Silva; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Rodrigo J. Marassi; Sheila Cardoso-Silva; Morun B. Neto; Gilmar C. Silva; Rui Ribeiro; Flávio T. Silva; Teresa C.B. Paiva; Marcelo L.M. Pompêo. Influence of interspecific interactions on avoidance response to contamination. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 642, 824 -831.
AMA StyleDaniel C.V.R. Silva, Cristiano V.M. Araújo, Rodrigo J. Marassi, Sheila Cardoso-Silva, Morun B. Neto, Gilmar C. Silva, Rui Ribeiro, Flávio T. Silva, Teresa C.B. Paiva, Marcelo L.M. Pompêo. Influence of interspecific interactions on avoidance response to contamination. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 642 ():824-831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel C.V.R. Silva; Cristiano V.M. Araújo; Rodrigo J. Marassi; Sheila Cardoso-Silva; Morun B. Neto; Gilmar C. Silva; Rui Ribeiro; Flávio T. Silva; Teresa C.B. Paiva; Marcelo L.M. Pompêo. 2018. "Influence of interspecific interactions on avoidance response to contamination." Science of The Total Environment 642, no. : 824-831.
Aquatic ecosystems receive run-off and discharges from different sources that lead to the accumulation of contaminants such as copper. Besides producing lethal and sub-lethal effects, copper has shown to be aversive to zebrafish (Danio rerio) by triggering avoidance response. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate how a copper gradient could affect the spatial distribution of D. rerio by triggering avoidance, preventing recolonization and isolating populations. Secondly, to what extent the food availability in a previously avoided environment could make it a less aversive environment was assessed. A non-forced, multi-compartmented exposure system with a copper gradient (0–300 μg·L−1), through which fish could move, was used for the avoidance and recolonization assays. To test the effect of copper on population isolation, two uncontaminated connected zones were separated by a chemical barrier with a copper concentration of 90 μg·L−1 (a concentration producing an avoidance of 50% - AC50). Zebrafish avoided copper and the 2 h-AC50 was 90.8 μg·L−1. The recolonization was in accordance with avoidance and the relationship ACx/RC100-x (RC: recolonization concentration) was around 2.5. When food was provided in the highest copper concentration, the recolonization pattern was altered, although the distribution of the fish was not statistically different from the scenario without food. The chemical barrier formed by copper (90 μg·L−1) impaired the migratory potential of the fish population by 41.3%; when food was provided in the last compartment, no statistically significant trend of fish moving towards that concentration was observed. Copper might act as an environmental disruptor by triggering spatial avoidance, preventing recolonization and isolating populations in zebrafish. The present study allows simultaneously including three ecological concepts to ecotoxicological studies that have received little attention: habitat selection, recolonization and habitat chemical fragmentation.
Mohammed Ariful Islam; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Spatial avoidance, inhibition of recolonization and population isolation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by copper exposure under a non-forced approach. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 653, 504 -511.
AMA StyleMohammed Ariful Islam, Julian Blasco, Cristiano V.M. Araújo. Spatial avoidance, inhibition of recolonization and population isolation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by copper exposure under a non-forced approach. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 653 ():504-511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Ariful Islam; Julian Blasco; Cristiano V.M. Araújo. 2018. "Spatial avoidance, inhibition of recolonization and population isolation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by copper exposure under a non-forced approach." Science of The Total Environment 653, no. : 504-511.