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Marek Tarraste
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia

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Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Energies
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Additively manufactured soft magnetic Fe-3.7%w.t.Si toroidal samples with solid and novel partitioned cross-sectional geometries are characterized through magnetic measurements. This study focuses on the effect of air gaps and annealing temperature on AC core losses at the 50 Hz frequency. In addition, DC electromagnetic material properties are presented, showing comparable results to conventional and other 3D-printed, high-grade, soft magnetic materials. The magnetization of 1.5 T was achieved at 1800 A/m, exhibiting a maximum relative permeability of 28,900 and hysteresis losses of 0.61 (1 T) and 1.7 (1.5 T) W/kg. A clear trend of total core loss reduction at 50 Hz was observed in relation to the segregation of the specimen cross-sectional topology. The lowest 50 Hz total core losses were measured for the toroidal specimen with four internal air gaps annealed at 1200 °C, exhibiting a total core loss of 1.2 (1 T) and 5.5 (1.5 T) W/kg. This is equal to an 860% total core loss reduction at 1 T and a 510% loss reduction at 1.5 T magnetization compared to solid bulk-printed material. Based on the findings, the advantages and disadvantages of printed air-gapped material internal structures are discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Hans Tiismus; Ants Kallaste; Anouar Belahcen; Marek Tarraste; Toomas Vaimann; Anton Rassõlkin; Bilal Asad; Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi. AC Magnetic Loss Reduction of SLM Processed Fe-Si for Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines. Energies 2021, 14, 1241 .

AMA Style

Hans Tiismus, Ants Kallaste, Anouar Belahcen, Marek Tarraste, Toomas Vaimann, Anton Rassõlkin, Bilal Asad, Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi. AC Magnetic Loss Reduction of SLM Processed Fe-Si for Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines. Energies. 2021; 14 (5):1241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hans Tiismus; Ants Kallaste; Anouar Belahcen; Marek Tarraste; Toomas Vaimann; Anton Rassõlkin; Bilal Asad; Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi. 2021. "AC Magnetic Loss Reduction of SLM Processed Fe-Si for Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines." Energies 14, no. 5: 1241.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Ceramics International
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This work investigated the spark plasma sintering behavior of mechanochemically synthesized molybdenum silicide (MS) powders. Nanosized MS powders were obtained via a mechanochemical synthesis process applied to the initial MoO3–SiO2–Mg powder batches. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to reveal the compositional and morphological properties of the homemade MS powders. The increasing sintering temperature up to 1600 °C enhanced the sinterability of the MS samples. In addition to the XRD and SEM/EDS analyses, the samples sintered at different temperatures were also characterized in terms of Archimedes' density, microhardness, and fracture toughness properties. The MS sample sintered at the temperature of 1600 °C demonstrated a relative density of 93.7%, a Vickers microhardness of 14.9 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 3.54 MPa√m. The wear rate decreased significantly with increasing sintering temperature from 3.60 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (1500 °C) to 1.77 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (1600 °C). Lastly, thermal gravimetry analyses (TGA) were conducted to observe the oxidation behavior of the sintered samples. The oxidation resistance of MS samples improved with increasing sintering temperatures.

ACS Style

Didem Ovalı; Marek Tarraste; Mertcan Kaba; Duygu Ağaoğulları; Lauri Kollo; K.G. Prashanth; M. Lütfi Öveçoğlu. Spark plasma sintering of molybdenum silicides synthesized from oxide precursors. Ceramics International 2021, 47, 13827 -13836.

AMA Style

Didem Ovalı, Marek Tarraste, Mertcan Kaba, Duygu Ağaoğulları, Lauri Kollo, K.G. Prashanth, M. Lütfi Öveçoğlu. Spark plasma sintering of molybdenum silicides synthesized from oxide precursors. Ceramics International. 2021; 47 (10):13827-13836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Didem Ovalı; Marek Tarraste; Mertcan Kaba; Duygu Ağaoğulları; Lauri Kollo; K.G. Prashanth; M. Lütfi Öveçoğlu. 2021. "Spark plasma sintering of molybdenum silicides synthesized from oxide precursors." Ceramics International 47, no. 10: 13827-13836.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Materials
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The aim of the research was to disclose the performance of ceramic-metal composites, in particular TiC-based cermets and WC-Co hardmetals, as tool materials for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys, stainless steels and copper. The model tests were used to study the wear of tools during cutting of metallic workpiece materials. The primary focus was on the performance and degradation mechanism of tool materials during testing under conditions simulating the FSW process, in particular the welding process temperature. Carbide composites were produced using a common press-and-sinter powder metallurgy technique. The model tests were performed on a universal lathe at the cutting speeds enabling cutting temperatures comparable the temperatures of the FSW of aluminium alloys, stainless steels and pure copper. The wear rate of tools was evaluated as the shortening of the length of the cutting tool nose tip and reaction diffusion tests were performed for better understanding of the diffusion-controlled processes during tool degradation (wear). It was concluded that cermets, in particular TiC-NiMo with 75–80 wt.% TiC, show the highest performance in tests with counterparts from aluminium alloy and austenitic stainless steel. On the other hand, in the model tests with copper workpiece, WC-Co hardmetals, in particular composites with 90–94 wt.% WC, outperform most of TiC-based cermet, including TiC-NiMo. Tools from ceramic-metal composites wear most commonly by mechanisms based on adhesion and diffusion.

ACS Style

Märt Kolnes; Jakob Kübarsepp; Fjodor Sergejev; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus. Performance of Ceramic-Metal Composites as Potential Tool Materials for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium, Copper and Stainless Steel. Materials 2020, 13, 1994 .

AMA Style

Märt Kolnes, Jakob Kübarsepp, Fjodor Sergejev, Marek Tarraste, Mart Viljus. Performance of Ceramic-Metal Composites as Potential Tool Materials for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium, Copper and Stainless Steel. Materials. 2020; 13 (8):1994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Märt Kolnes; Jakob Kübarsepp; Fjodor Sergejev; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus. 2020. "Performance of Ceramic-Metal Composites as Potential Tool Materials for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium, Copper and Stainless Steel." Materials 13, no. 8: 1994.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Materials Science
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High price, limited availability and toxicity of cobalt motivates researchers and material engineers to find alternative binder systems for WC cemented carbides. Iron and iron alloys are promising candidates for complete cobalt substitution. Ferritic steels alloyed with chromium can offer an inexpensive binder system to acquire cemented carbides with enhanced oxidation and corrosion resistance. Since Fe and Cr are carbide formers, production of WC-FeCr cemented carbides with a desirable two-phase structure can be problematic. Niobium and titanium are strong carbide formers and well-known alloying elements in steels used to stabilize carbon, preventing formation of unwanted chromium carbide phases. In our work, WC-FeCr was alloyed with elemental Nb and Ti. The phase composition, structure morphology and mechanical properties of prepared cemented carbides were characterized and discussed. As a result, additions of carbon stabilizing elements enabled us to improve structural homogeneity and wear resistance of WC cemented carbides with ferritic a steel binder.

ACS Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Arvo Mere; Mart Viljus. Effect of Carbon Stabilizing Elements on WC Cemented Carbides with Chromium Steel Binder. Materials Science 2019, 25, 202-206 .

AMA Style

Marek Tarraste, Jakob Kübarsepp, Kristjan Juhani, Arvo Mere, Mart Viljus. Effect of Carbon Stabilizing Elements on WC Cemented Carbides with Chromium Steel Binder. Materials Science. 2019; 25 (2):202-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Arvo Mere; Mart Viljus. 2019. "Effect of Carbon Stabilizing Elements on WC Cemented Carbides with Chromium Steel Binder." Materials Science 25, no. 2: 202-206.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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The effect of composite materials reinforcement by hardmetal with various size of particles (WC 710-1000 μm, recycled WC-Co 710-800 μm and pure WC 10 μm) with Fe-based matrix thermally affected by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method at temperatures 1100°C, 1200°C and 1280°C was studied. The analysis of samples cross-section was performed with SEM and EDS to illustrate distribution of elements after thermal influence. The aim of this research was an investigation of diffusion process behaviour between Fe-based matrix and WC and WC based hardmetal particles at various temperatures. Results help to identify and understand melting and solidification of grains affected at high temperature. Similar temperatures are used for surfacing and repair of worn parts and recycled tungsten carbide particles (as reinforcement) could be used during manual or plasma transferred arc welding.

ACS Style

Egidijus Katinas; Maksim Antonov; Vytenis Jankauskas; Marek Tarraste. The Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Thermal Cycle on Behaviour of Fe-Based Hardfacings Reinforced with WC and WC-Based Hardmetal. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 799, 3 -8.

AMA Style

Egidijus Katinas, Maksim Antonov, Vytenis Jankauskas, Marek Tarraste. The Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Thermal Cycle on Behaviour of Fe-Based Hardfacings Reinforced with WC and WC-Based Hardmetal. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 799 ():3-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Egidijus Katinas; Maksim Antonov; Vytenis Jankauskas; Marek Tarraste. 2019. "The Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Thermal Cycle on Behaviour of Fe-Based Hardfacings Reinforced with WC and WC-Based Hardmetal." Key Engineering Materials 799, no. : 3-8.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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Reactive sintering is a process where synthesis reaction of the ceramic phases is combined with sintering (densification) of the composite. Dense lightweight titanium oxycarbide-aluminium oxide ceramic-ceramic composites were produced from titanium dioxide, carbon black as graphite source and aluminium precursors by high energy attritor milling, followed by reactive sintering. Titanium oxycarbide and aluminium oxide phases were synthesized during reactive sintering in situ. To investigate the microstructure evolution and phase formation, the specimens were sintered at different temperatures (600-1725 °C) in vacuum. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure and phase formation. Mechanical performance (hardness and fracture toughness) was evaluated.

ACS Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jakob Kübarsepp; Marek Tarraste; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus. Microstructure Formation and Performance of Reactive Sintered Titanium Oxycarbide Base Ceramic-Ceramic Composites. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 799, 131 -135.

AMA Style

Kristjan Juhani, Jakob Kübarsepp, Marek Tarraste, Jüri Pirso, Mart Viljus. Microstructure Formation and Performance of Reactive Sintered Titanium Oxycarbide Base Ceramic-Ceramic Composites. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 799 ():131-135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jakob Kübarsepp; Marek Tarraste; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus. 2019. "Microstructure Formation and Performance of Reactive Sintered Titanium Oxycarbide Base Ceramic-Ceramic Composites." Key Engineering Materials 799, no. : 131-135.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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During production of cemented carbides hard and brittle tungsten carbide (WC) and ductile metal powders (mainly from Fe-group) are milled together. Complete milling results in a Gaussian distribution and narrow particle size range of the milled powder which promote the homogeneity and improve the properties of sintered composites. Cobalt, conventional metal employed in cemented carbides, possesses good comminution characteristics with WC powder. However, its toxicity and fluctuating price pushes researchers to find suitable alternatives and Fe-based alloys have shown most promising results. Cemented carbides with the Fe-Cr system as metal binder phase have potential to perform better than regular WC-Co composites in corrosive and oxidative environments. The goal of this paper was to prepare uniform cemented carbides powders with relatively high fraction of stainless Fe-Cr steel. To achieve a uniform powder mixture is a challenge at high ductile steel fraction. High energy milling (HEM) is a powerful technique for achieving (ultra) fine powder mixtures with narrow powder size range. HEM was carried out in a novel high energy ball mill RETSCH Emax. Milling in tumbling ball mill, which is the most widely used method, was employed for reference. Prepared powder mixtures were characterised in terms of particle size, size distribution and shape. In addition, powder mixtures were consolidated via spark plasma sintering to evaluate the effect of the milling method and the duration on the microstructure of final cemented carbide.

ACS Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Märt Kolnes; Mart Viljus. High Energy Milling of WС-FeСr Cemented Carbide. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 799, 136 -141.

AMA Style

Marek Tarraste, Jakob Kübarsepp, Kristjan Juhani, Märt Kolnes, Mart Viljus. High Energy Milling of WС-FeСr Cemented Carbide. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 799 ():136-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Märt Kolnes; Mart Viljus. 2019. "High Energy Milling of WС-FeСr Cemented Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 799, no. : 136-141.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials
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ACS Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Arvo Mere; Märt Kolnes; Mart Viljus; Birgit Maaten. Ferritic chromium steel as binder metal for WC cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 2018, 73, 183 -191.

AMA Style

Marek Tarraste, Jakob Kübarsepp, Kristjan Juhani, Arvo Mere, Märt Kolnes, Mart Viljus, Birgit Maaten. Ferritic chromium steel as binder metal for WC cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2018; 73 ():183-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Tarraste; Jakob Kübarsepp; Kristjan Juhani; Arvo Mere; Märt Kolnes; Mart Viljus; Birgit Maaten. 2018. "Ferritic chromium steel as binder metal for WC cemented carbides." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 73, no. : 183-191.

Regular papers
Published: 08 March 2018 in Powder Metallurgy
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From the outlook of healthcare, economic importance and supply risk, utilisation of raw materials like tungsten, cobalt and nickel should be reduced or replaced with other metals. Nontoxic titanium carbide and iron are the top-of-the-line solution for displacing these materials. Our focus was on conventionally fabricated titanium carbide-based cermets with a chromium ferritic steel binder. To study microstructural evolution, specimens were sintered at different temperatures (600–1500°C). We used a scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to analyse the microstructure and phase formation of the cermets. Our results showed that during the solid and liquid phase sintering of the TiC–FeCr cermet, chromium ferrous complex carbides M7C3 are formed and as a result, chromium content in the binder phase is decreased. Alloying TiC–FeCr cermets with strong carbide formers improves the structural homogeneity of the cermets. Also, mechanical characteristics (hardness, fracture toughness) were evaluated.

ACS Style

Märt Kolnes; Arvo Mere; Jakob Kübarsepp; Mart Viljus; Birgit Maaten; Marek Tarraste. Microstructure evolution of TiC cermets with ferritic AISI 430L steel binder. Powder Metallurgy 2018, 61, 197 -209.

AMA Style

Märt Kolnes, Arvo Mere, Jakob Kübarsepp, Mart Viljus, Birgit Maaten, Marek Tarraste. Microstructure evolution of TiC cermets with ferritic AISI 430L steel binder. Powder Metallurgy. 2018; 61 (3):197-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Märt Kolnes; Arvo Mere; Jakob Kübarsepp; Mart Viljus; Birgit Maaten; Marek Tarraste. 2018. "Microstructure evolution of TiC cermets with ferritic AISI 430L steel binder." Powder Metallurgy 61, no. 3: 197-209.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Solid State Phenomena
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Present paper discusses the influence of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the microstructure and perfomances of chromium carbide based cermets. The effect of SPS parameters (temperature, pressure) is discussed. It is shown that SPS enables to produce more fine grained chromium carbide based cermets compared to conventional liquid phase sintering. Hardness and fracture toughness are exhibited.

ACS Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Sergei Letunovitš. The Influence of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Chromium Carbide Based Cermets. Solid State Phenomena 2017, 267, 162 -166.

AMA Style

Kristjan Juhani, Jüri Pirso, Marek Tarraste, Mart Viljus, Sergei Letunovitš. The Influence of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Chromium Carbide Based Cermets. Solid State Phenomena. 2017; 267 ():162-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Sergei Letunovitš. 2017. "The Influence of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Chromium Carbide Based Cermets." Solid State Phenomena 267, no. : 162-166.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2017 in Materials Science
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The article focuses on vacuum liquid phase sintered (PM) composite hardfacings and their behaviour under different abrasive wear conditions. Hardfacings studied contained 30–50 vol % fine, coarse or multimodal (fine and coarse) hardmetal reinforcement. For wear resistance studies, we used the Abrasive Rubber Wheel Wear (ARWW) test as a three-body abrasive wear test, the Abrasive Wheel Wear (AWW) test as a two-body abrasive wear test and the Abrasive-Impact Erosion wear (AIEW) test as an abrasive-erosive wear test. Tested materials were compared to Hardox 400 steel and CDP112 wear plate (Castolin Eutectic® Ltd.). It was found that under three-body abrasion conditions (ARWW test) hardfacings with high content of spehrical coarse reinforcement are suitable; their wear resistance is about two times higher than that of unreinforced hardfacings. Under two-body abrasive wear (AWW test), hardfacings with a high content of coarse reinforcement are recommended; their wear resistance is up to eight times higher than that of unreinforced hardfacings from the figures and graphs mentioned in the text. Under abrasive-erosive wear (AIEW test), unreinforced ductile materials are recommended; they have two to three times higher wear resistance than composite hardfacings reinforced with fine or multimodal reinforcement.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.23.3.16323

ACS Style

Taavi Simson; Priit Kulu; Andrei Surzhenkov; Riho Tarbe; Dmitri Goljandin; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Rainer Traksmaa. Wear Resistance of Sintered Composite Hardfacings under Different Abrasive Wear Conditions. Materials Science 2017, 23, 249-253 .

AMA Style

Taavi Simson, Priit Kulu, Andrei Surzhenkov, Riho Tarbe, Dmitri Goljandin, Marek Tarraste, Mart Viljus, Rainer Traksmaa. Wear Resistance of Sintered Composite Hardfacings under Different Abrasive Wear Conditions. Materials Science. 2017; 23 (3):249-253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taavi Simson; Priit Kulu; Andrei Surzhenkov; Riho Tarbe; Dmitri Goljandin; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Rainer Traksmaa. 2017. "Wear Resistance of Sintered Composite Hardfacings under Different Abrasive Wear Conditions." Materials Science 23, no. 3: 249-253.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Key Engineering Materials
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In this work the influence of sintering method on the surface fatigue of carbide composite was studied. The research focuses on WC-15wt%Co hardmetals prepared using different powders and different sintering techniques and as a result different microstructure: conventional WC+Co powder and novel reactive powder type W+C+Co are sintered using vacuum furnace, compression sintering (sinterhipping) and spark plasma sintering (SPS method). As tungsten carbide is a common material for cold forming punches and surface degradation causes punch failure [1], the tool life can be significantly extended by material surface fatigue life improvement. It is expected that SPS production route of WC-15wt%Co hardmetal will conclude in better microstructure, more even average grain size distribution and smaller residual porosity, and respectively better mechanical and surface fatigue properties compared to conventional production routes. There are some expectations related to the reactive sintering production routes, as this technique promotes the fine microstructure and better mechanical properties.

ACS Style

Mihhail Petrov; Jakob Kübarsepp; Fjodor Sergejev; Mart Viljus; Marek Tarraste. Effect of Sintering Method on Surface Fatigue of Carbide Composites. Key Engineering Materials 2016, 721, 368 -372.

AMA Style

Mihhail Petrov, Jakob Kübarsepp, Fjodor Sergejev, Mart Viljus, Marek Tarraste. Effect of Sintering Method on Surface Fatigue of Carbide Composites. Key Engineering Materials. 2016; 721 ():368-372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mihhail Petrov; Jakob Kübarsepp; Fjodor Sergejev; Mart Viljus; Marek Tarraste. 2016. "Effect of Sintering Method on Surface Fatigue of Carbide Composites." Key Engineering Materials 721, no. : 368-372.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Key Engineering Materials
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This paper focuses on the influence of hardmetal reinforcement amount, shape and size on the abrasive wear resistance of composite iron self-fluxing alloy (FeCrSiB) based hardfacings produced by the powder metallurgy (PM) technology. First, the size of the reinforcement (1 – 2.5 mm) was fixed, but its shape (angular or spherical) and amount (0 – 50 vol%) were varied. Then the reinforcement shape (angular) and amount (50 vol%) were kept constant, while its size (0.16 – 0.315 mm fine reinforcement and 1 – 2.5 mm coarse reinforcement) and proportion of fine and coarse reinforcement (all fine, all coarse, half fine-half coarse) were varied. ASTM G65 abrasive rubber wheel wear test was applied to find out the wear resistance of the hardfacings; an unreinforced self-luxing alloy (FeCrSiB) hardfacing was the reference material. Volumetric wear rate was calculated according to the weight loss. Worn surfaces were studied under scanning electron microscope. As a result, an optimal composition of the hardmetal containing Fe-based hardfacings based on the reinforcement amount (vol%), shape (irregular or spherical) and size (fine or coarse) is given.

ACS Style

Taavi Simson; Priit Kulu; Andrei Surzhenkov; Dmitri Goljandin; Riho Tarbe; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus. Optimization of Structure of Hardmetal Reinforced Iron-Based PM Hardfacings for Abrasive Wear Conditions. Key Engineering Materials 2016, 721, 351 -355.

AMA Style

Taavi Simson, Priit Kulu, Andrei Surzhenkov, Dmitri Goljandin, Riho Tarbe, Marek Tarraste, Mart Viljus. Optimization of Structure of Hardmetal Reinforced Iron-Based PM Hardfacings for Abrasive Wear Conditions. Key Engineering Materials. 2016; 721 ():351-355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taavi Simson; Priit Kulu; Andrei Surzhenkov; Dmitri Goljandin; Riho Tarbe; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus. 2016. "Optimization of Structure of Hardmetal Reinforced Iron-Based PM Hardfacings for Abrasive Wear Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 721, no. : 351-355.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2016 in Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
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ACS Style

T Simson; P Kulu; A Surženkov; R Tarbe; M Viljus; Marek Tarraste; Dmitri Goljandin. Optimization of reinforcement content of powder metallurgy hardfacings in abrasive wear conditions. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 2016, 65, 90 .

AMA Style

T Simson, P Kulu, A Surženkov, R Tarbe, M Viljus, Marek Tarraste, Dmitri Goljandin. Optimization of reinforcement content of powder metallurgy hardfacings in abrasive wear conditions. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. 2016; 65 (2):90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T Simson; P Kulu; A Surženkov; R Tarbe; M Viljus; Marek Tarraste; Dmitri Goljandin. 2016. "Optimization of reinforcement content of powder metallurgy hardfacings in abrasive wear conditions." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 65, no. 2: 90.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2015 in Materials Science
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Bimodal WC-Co hardmetals were produced using novel technology - reactive sintering. Milled and activated tungsten and graphite powders were mixed with commercial coarse grained WC-Co powder and then sintered. The microstructure of produced materials was free of defects and consisted of evenly distributed coarse and fine tungsten carbide grains in cobalt binder. The microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of reactive sintered bimodal WC-Co hardmetals is exhibited. Developed bimodal hardmetal has perspective for demanding wear applications for its increased combined hardness and toughness. Compared to coarse material there is only slight decrease in fracture toughness (K1c is 14.7 for coarse grained and 14.4 for bimodal), hardness is increased from 1290 to 1350 HV units.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.21.3.7511

ACS Style

Marek Tarraste; Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus. Reactive Sintering of Bimodal WC-Co Hardmetals. Materials Science 2015, 21, 382-385 .

AMA Style

Marek Tarraste, Kristjan Juhani, Jüri Pirso, Mart Viljus. Reactive Sintering of Bimodal WC-Co Hardmetals. Materials Science. 2015; 21 (3):382-385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Tarraste; Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus. 2015. "Reactive Sintering of Bimodal WC-Co Hardmetals." Materials Science 21, no. 3: 382-385.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Key Engineering Materials
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WC-Co hardmetals are widely known wear resistant materials, their properties depend strongly on the WC grain size; commonly fine grained materials exhibited higher properties. One opportunity to produce fine grained materials is reactive sintering. Reactive sintering is a novel processing method, where the synthesis of the carbide phase is combined with solid and liquid state sintering of the composite during a single heating cycle. WC-co hardmetals where synthesizedin situfrom the elemental powders of W, Co and C. To investigate the influence of grain growth inhibitors the Cr3C2and VC were also included to powder mixtures. To investigate the influence of carbon content composites with different amounts of C were produced. The microstructures, hardness and three-body abrasive wear resistance of reactive sintered WC-Co hardmetals with grain growth inhibitors depending on carbon content in initial powder mixture is exhibited.

ACS Style

Kristjan Juhani; Juri Pirso; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Taavi Suurkivi. Three-Body Abrasive Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Hardmetals with Grain Growth Inhibitors. Key Engineering Materials 2014, 604, 277 -282.

AMA Style

Kristjan Juhani, Juri Pirso, Marek Tarraste, Mart Viljus, Taavi Suurkivi. Three-Body Abrasive Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Hardmetals with Grain Growth Inhibitors. Key Engineering Materials. 2014; 604 ():277-282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristjan Juhani; Juri Pirso; Marek Tarraste; Mart Viljus; Taavi Suurkivi. 2014. "Three-Body Abrasive Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Hardmetals with Grain Growth Inhibitors." Key Engineering Materials 604, no. : 277-282.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Key Engineering Materials
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WC-5TiC-15Co cermets were prepared via novel technology – reactive sintering. In case of reactive sintering the elemental powders of tungsten, titanium, cobalt and carbon black are activated through ball-milling and then the synthesis of carbide occurs in the same cycle with the sintering of the cermet. Carbon content in initial powder mixture has crucial effect on properties of reactive sintered WC-based cermets. This paper investigates the erosion wear of the WC-5TiC-15Co cermets. Wear resistance dependent on the carbon content as well as wear mechanism of reactive sintered and conventional cermets are exhibited.

ACS Style

Marek Tarraste; Kristjan Juhani; Juri Pirso; Mart Viljus. Erosion Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-TiC-Co Cermets. Key Engineering Materials 2014, 604, 63 -66.

AMA Style

Marek Tarraste, Kristjan Juhani, Juri Pirso, Mart Viljus. Erosion Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-TiC-Co Cermets. Key Engineering Materials. 2014; 604 ():63-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Tarraste; Kristjan Juhani; Juri Pirso; Mart Viljus. 2014. "Erosion Wear of Reactive Sintered WC-TiC-Co Cermets." Key Engineering Materials 604, no. : 63-66.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2012 in Materials Science
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Investigated WC-Co cermets were produced via reactive sintering. In case of reactive sintering the elemental powders of tungsten, carbon black as graphite source and cobalt at first activated throw high energy milling and then the carbide synthesis is taking place in the same cycle with liquid phase sintering of the cermets. Because there is a lack of information about the influence of alloying additives on the reactive sintered WC-Co cermets, small amount of chromium carbide or vanadium carbide was added to the powders. To investigate the influence of carbon content in initial powder mixture on the microstructure and properties of reactive sintered WC-Co cermets alloyed with Cr3C2 and VC cermets with different carbon content were produced. The hardness, transverse rupture strength and erosion resistance of alloyed WC-Co cermets depending on carbon content in initial powder mixture is exhibited.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.1.1347

ACS Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus; Sergei Letunovitš; Marek Tarraste. The Influence of Cr3C2 and VC as Alloying Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Cermets. Materials Science 2012, 18, 79-83 .

AMA Style

Kristjan Juhani, Jüri Pirso, Mart Viljus, Sergei Letunovitš, Marek Tarraste. The Influence of Cr3C2 and VC as Alloying Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Cermets. Materials Science. 2012; 18 (1):79-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristjan Juhani; Jüri Pirso; Mart Viljus; Sergei Letunovitš; Marek Tarraste. 2012. "The Influence of Cr3C2 and VC as Alloying Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Cermets." Materials Science 18, no. 1: 79-83.