Although it has already been shown that calcareous stone can be consolidated by using a bacterially inoculated culture medium, a more user-friendly method is the in situ application of a sterile culture medium that is able to activate, among the microbial community of the stone, those bacteria with a potential for calcium carbonate precipitation. In order to test this new method for stone consolidation, non-sterilized decayed porous limestone was immersed in sterile nutritional media. Results were compared to those of the runs in which stone sterilized prior to the treatment was used. The effects of the microbial community on stone consolidation were determined by recording the evolution of the culture media chemistry. The treated stone was tested for mechanical resistance and porosity. Results demonstrate that the tested media were able to activate bacteria from the microbial community of the stone. As a consequence of the growth of these bacteria, an alkalinization occurred that resulted in calcium carbonate precipitation. The new precipitate was compatible with the substrate and consolidated the stone without pore plugging. Therefore, a good candidate to in situ consolidate decayed porous limestone is the application of a sterile culture medium with the characteristics specified in the present study.

In recent years, the adoption of emerging technologies in education (ETE) has significantly grown. However, the effective integration of these technologies remains challenging as many educators have not been afforded the professional/career readiness to properly acknowledge and use them as educational tools. Although the STEM approach has gained prominence in science education, it still requires proper teacher readiness for successful implementation. In this study, with design-based research and mixed-method approaches, a ten-session program for prospective teachers was developed and evaluated to foster the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively integrate different technological resources in STEM education. The program aims to bridge the gap between technology and pedagogy, empowering educators to maximize the use of ETE to enrich learning experiences. The main conclusions emphasize the significance of technology-centric education for future educators, stressing the necessity for teacher training programs that align technological potential with practical classroom applications. Integrating emerging technologies supports contemporary pedagogical approaches like STEM education, promoting active student participation and problem-solving skills. To fully harness emerging technologies’ potential, educators need training and support. Developing comprehensive training pathways for these technologies is vital to narrow the gap between technology and effective educational integration.

Frente a la necesidad de una formación científica a temprana edad, el uso de la robótica en el contexto educativo constituye un importante recurso didáctico para el desarrollo de una educación centrada en las áreas STEM. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices de la Declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma), con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción científica relacionada con Educación STEM, desde el trabajo con robótica educativa en Educación Primaria, así se plantean preguntas de investigación sobre indicadores bibliométricos, metodologías de investigación utilizadas, la relación entre aéreas STEM y robótica educativa, o aspectos sociales y de género.La búsqueda se realizó en tres bases de datos internacionales (Scopus, ERIC y WoS), logrando identificar 463 artículos, seleccionándose 26 documentos que cumplían con todos los criterios de inclusión. Los hallazgos dan cuenta que las investigaciones con metodologías mixtas son las más utilizados, y a su vez presentan un mayor número de citaciones en Google Scholar. Respecto al enfoque de género de los primeros autores y los grupos de investigación, estos se presentan de forma equitativa. De igual forma no se evidencian diferencias en el acceso, desarrollo y adquisición de habilidades entre los participantes como resultados de las investigaciones. También, se observa una mayor implementación de propuestas en el horario extraescolar, mejorando la actitud y adquisición de habilidades en áreas STEM.