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This is a reply to the comment from Schausberger
Stefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Markus Redl; Božana Petrović; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. Reply to Schausberger, P. Not Seeing the Mites for the Hairs. Comment on “Möth et al. Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards. Insects 2021, 12, 180”. Insects 2021, 12, 677 .
AMA StyleStefan Möth, Andreas Walzer, Markus Redl, Božana Petrović, Christoph Hoffmann, Silvia Winter. Reply to Schausberger, P. Not Seeing the Mites for the Hairs. Comment on “Möth et al. Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards. Insects 2021, 12, 180”. Insects. 2021; 12 (8):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Markus Redl; Božana Petrović; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. 2021. "Reply to Schausberger, P. Not Seeing the Mites for the Hairs. Comment on “Möth et al. Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards. Insects 2021, 12, 180”." Insects 12, no. 8: 677.
Wild bees are threatened by multiple interacting stressors, such as habitat loss, land use change, parasites, and pathogens. However, vineyards with vegetated inter‐rows can offer high floral resources within viticultural landscapes and provide foraging and nesting habitats for wild bees. Here, we assess how vineyard management regimes (organic vs. conventional; inter‐row vegetation management) and landscape composition determine the inter‐row plant and wild bee assemblages, as well as how these variables relate to functional traits in 24 Austrian and 10 South African vineyards. Vineyards had either permanent vegetation cover in untilled inter‐rows or temporary vegetation cover in infrequently tilled inter‐rows. Proportion of seminatural habitats (e.g., fallows, grassland, field margins) and woody structures (e.g., woodlots, single trees, tree rows) were used as proxies for landscape composition and mapped within 500‐m radius around the study vineyards. Organic vineyard management increased functional richness (FRic) of wild bees and flowering plants, with woody structures marginally increasing species richness and FRic of wild bees. Wild bee and floral traits were differently associated across the countries. In Austria, several bee traits (e.g., lecty, pollen collection type, proboscis length) were associated with flower color and symmetry, while in South African vineyards, only bees’ proboscis length was positively correlated with floral traits characteristic of Asteraceae flowers (e.g., ray–disk morphology, yellow colors). Solitary bee species in Austria benefitted from infrequent tillage, while ground nesting species preferred inter‐rows with undisturbed soils. Higher proportions of woody structures in surrounding landscapes resulted in less solitary and corbiculate bees in Austria, but more aboveground nesting species in South Africa. In both countries, associations between FRic of wild bees and flowering plants were positive both in organic and in conventional vineyards. We recommend the use of diverse cover crop seed mixtures to enhance plant flowering diversity in inter‐rows, to increase wild bee richness in viticultural landscapes.
Sophie Kratschmer; Bärbel Pachinger; René Gaigher; James S. Pryke; Julia van Schalkwyk; Michael J. Samways; Annalie Melin; Temitope Kehinde; Johann G. Zaller; Silvia Winter. Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter‐rows in different floral kingdoms. Ecology and Evolution 2021, 11, 7927 -7945.
AMA StyleSophie Kratschmer, Bärbel Pachinger, René Gaigher, James S. Pryke, Julia van Schalkwyk, Michael J. Samways, Annalie Melin, Temitope Kehinde, Johann G. Zaller, Silvia Winter. Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter‐rows in different floral kingdoms. Ecology and Evolution. 2021; 11 (12):7927-7945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSophie Kratschmer; Bärbel Pachinger; René Gaigher; James S. Pryke; Julia van Schalkwyk; Michael J. Samways; Annalie Melin; Temitope Kehinde; Johann G. Zaller; Silvia Winter. 2021. "Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter‐rows in different floral kingdoms." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 12: 7927-7945.
Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.
Jo Reiff; Sebastian Kolb; Martin Entling; Thomas Herndl; Stefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Matthias Kropf; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards. Insects 2021, 12, 220 .
AMA StyleJo Reiff, Sebastian Kolb, Martin Entling, Thomas Herndl, Stefan Möth, Andreas Walzer, Matthias Kropf, Christoph Hoffmann, Silvia Winter. Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards. Insects. 2021; 12 (3):220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJo Reiff; Sebastian Kolb; Martin Entling; Thomas Herndl; Stefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Matthias Kropf; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. 2021. "Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards." Insects 12, no. 3: 220.
Viticultural practices and landscape composition are the main drivers influencing biological pest control in vineyards. Predatory mites, mainly phytoseiid (Phytoseiidae) and tydeoid mites (Tydeidae), are important to control phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae) on vines. In the absence of arthropod prey, pollen is an important food source for predatory mites. In 32 paired vineyards located in Burgenland/Austria, we examined the effect of landscape composition, management type (organic/integrated), pesticide use, and cover crop diversity of the inter-row on the densities of phytoseiid, tydeoid, and phytophagous mites. In addition, we sampled pollen on vine leaves. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten was the main phytoseiid mite species and Tydeus goetzi Schruft the main tydeoid species. Interestingly, the area-related acute pesticide toxicity loading was higher in organic than in integrated vineyards. The densities of phytoseiid and tydeoid mites was higher in integrated vineyards and in vineyards with spontaneous vegetation. Their population also profited from an increased viticultural area at the landscape scale. Eriophyoid mite densities were extremely low across all vineyards and spider mites were absent. Biological pest control of phytophagous mites benefits from less intensive pesticide use and spontaneous vegetation cover in vineyard inter-rows, which should be considered in agri-environmental schemes.
Stefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Markus Redl; Božana Petrović; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards. Insects 2021, 12, 180 .
AMA StyleStefan Möth, Andreas Walzer, Markus Redl, Božana Petrović, Christoph Hoffmann, Silvia Winter. Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards. Insects. 2021; 12 (2):180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Möth; Andreas Walzer; Markus Redl; Božana Petrović; Christoph Hoffmann; Silvia Winter. 2021. "Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards." Insects 12, no. 2: 180.
Hedgehogs are among the most abundant species to be found within wildlife shelters and after successful rehabilitation they are frequently translocated. The effects and potential impact of these translocations on gene flow within wild populations are largely unknown. In this study, different wild hedgehog populations were compared with artificially created “shelter populations”, with regard to their genetic diversity, in order to establish basic data for future inferences on the genetic impact of hedgehog translocations. Observed populations are located within central Europe, including the species Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus. Shelters were mainly hosting one species; in one case, both species were present syntopically. Apart from one exception, the results did not show a higher genetic diversity within shelter populations, indicating that individuals did not originate from a wider geographical area than individuals grouped into one of the wild populations. Two shelters from Innsbruck hosted individuals that belonged to two potential clusters, as indicated in a distance analysis. When such a structure stems from the effects of landscape elements like large rivers, the shelter management-related translocations might lead to homogenization across the dispersal barrier.
Kerstin Ploi; Manuel Curto; Barbora Černá Bolfíková; Miroslava Loudová; Pavel Hulva; Anna Seiter; Marilene Fuhrmann; Silvia Winter; Harald Meimberg. Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife Shelter Management on the Genetic Diversity of Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus in Their Contact Zone. Animals 2020, 10, 1452 .
AMA StyleKerstin Ploi, Manuel Curto, Barbora Černá Bolfíková, Miroslava Loudová, Pavel Hulva, Anna Seiter, Marilene Fuhrmann, Silvia Winter, Harald Meimberg. Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife Shelter Management on the Genetic Diversity of Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus in Their Contact Zone. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKerstin Ploi; Manuel Curto; Barbora Černá Bolfíková; Miroslava Loudová; Pavel Hulva; Anna Seiter; Marilene Fuhrmann; Silvia Winter; Harald Meimberg. 2020. "Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife Shelter Management on the Genetic Diversity of Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus in Their Contact Zone." Animals 10, no. 9: 1452.
Land use at landscape and field scales can increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies for pest control. In this study, we investigated interactions between landscape elements (semi-natural vegetation, olive orchards, vineyards, other agricultural areas) and inter-row management (vegetation cover vs. bare soil) in relation to arthropod populations in Andalusian vineyards. Arthropods were collected from grapevine foliage in 15 vineyards using suction sampling. Landscape structure was analyzed within a 750 m radius surrounding the studied vineyards. Arthropods were categorized into functional groups (predators, parasitoids, herbivores), and their responses to the most influencing factors were analyzed by likelihood methods and model selection. Of the total of 650 arthropods collected, 48% were predators, 33% herbivores and 19% parasitoids. Numbers of predatory aeolothrips, parasitoids and herbivorous cicadas in the study vineyards decreased with an increased proportion of vineyards in the surroundings. Spider populations in vineyards increased with increasing proportions of other agricultural fields (non-flowering crops) in the surroundings. Semi-natural elements and olive orchards had no influence on the abundance of collected arthropods. We observed synergistic effects between landscape elements and inter-row management. The total numbers of arthropods, herbivores and parasitoids in vineyards benefitted from inter-row vegetation, while spiders benefitted from bare soil. Our findings underline the importance of both surrounding landscape elements and vineyard ground cover management to promote beneficial arthropods for potential natural pest control.
Christine Judt; Gema Guzmán; José A. Gómez; José M. Cabezas; José A. Entrenas; Silvia Winter; Johann G. Zaller; Daniel Paredes; Judt. Diverging Effects of Landscape Factors and Inter-Row Management on the Abundance of Beneficial and Herbivorous Arthropods in Andalusian Vineyards (Spain). Insects 2019, 10, 320 .
AMA StyleChristine Judt, Gema Guzmán, José A. Gómez, José M. Cabezas, José A. Entrenas, Silvia Winter, Johann G. Zaller, Daniel Paredes, Judt. Diverging Effects of Landscape Factors and Inter-Row Management on the Abundance of Beneficial and Herbivorous Arthropods in Andalusian Vineyards (Spain). Insects. 2019; 10 (10):320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine Judt; Gema Guzmán; José A. Gómez; José M. Cabezas; José A. Entrenas; Silvia Winter; Johann G. Zaller; Daniel Paredes; Judt. 2019. "Diverging Effects of Landscape Factors and Inter-Row Management on the Abundance of Beneficial and Herbivorous Arthropods in Andalusian Vineyards (Spain)." Insects 10, no. 10: 320.
Interactions between predatory species and their potential prey are little studied in vineyards, especially considering the surrounding landscape structure. We examined the effects of soil tillage intensities in vineyard inter-rows on the activity density and diversity of spiders (Araneae) and springtails (Collembola), their potential preys, and assessed whether these effects are altered by non-crop elements in the surrounding landscape. We collected data in 16 vineyards in Austria; eight were periodically mechanically disturbed (PMD), eight had permanent green cover (PGC). The study vineyards were embedded in landscapes ranging from structurally simple to complex. Both, spiders and springtails were collected with pitfall traps. Data analyses using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed different effects of soil tillage intensities on spiders and springtails and an interaction with semi-natural elements (SNEs) in the surrounding landscape. Activities of springtails were higher under PMD than under PGC while spider activity density remained unaffected. Spider family Shannon diversity was lower under PMD than under PGC, while springtail species Shannon diversity was unaffected by tillage. Under PMD, spider activity and family diversity decreased with increasing SNEs in the surroundings indicating spider emigration away from vineyards. Under PGC, spider activity density increased with increasing SNE proportions in the surroundings when springtail activity density was high. Our findings suggest that recommendations on sustainable vineyard management should include both site and landscape factors.
Alexandra Pfingstmann; Daniel Paredes; Jacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller. Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2095 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Pfingstmann, Daniel Paredes, Jacob Buchholz, Pascal Querner, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Sophie Kratschmer, Silvia Winter, Johann Zaller. Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Pfingstmann; Daniel Paredes; Jacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller. 2019. "Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2095.
Agricultural intensification is a major driver of wild bee decline. Vineyards may be inhabited by plant and animal species, especially when the inter‐row space is vegetated with spontaneous vegetation or cover crops. Wild bees depend on floral resources and suitable nesting sites which may be found in vineyard inter‐rows or in viticultural landscapes. Inter‐row vegetation is managed by mulching, tillage, and/or herbicide application and results in habitat degradation when applied intensively. Here, we hypothesize that lower vegetation management intensities, higher floral resources, and landscape diversity affect wild bee diversity and abundance dependent on their functional traits. We sampled wild bees semi‐quantitatively in 63 vineyards representing different vegetation management intensities across Europe in 2016. A proxy for floral resource availability was based on visual flower cover estimations. Management intensity was assessed by vegetation cover (%) twice a year per vineyard. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index was used as a proxy for landscape diversity within a 750 m radius around each vineyard center point. Wild bee communities were clustered by country. At the country level, between 20 and 64 wild bee species were identified. Increased floral resource availability and extensive vegetation management both affected wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards strongly positively. Increased landscape diversity had a small positive effect on wild bee diversity but compensated for the negative effect of low floral resource availability by increasing eusocial bee abundance. We conclude that wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards is efficiently promoted by increasing floral resources and reducing vegetation management frequency. High landscape diversity further compensates for low floral resources in vineyards and increases pollinating insect abundance in viticulture landscapes.
Sophie Kratschmer; Bärbel Pachinger; Martina Schwantzer; Daniel Paredes; Gema Guzmán; José A. Goméz; José A. Entrenas; Muriel Guernion; Françoise Burel; Annegret Nicolai; Albin Fertil; Daniela Maria Popescu; Laura Macavei; Adela Hoble; Claudiu Bunea; Monika Kriechbaum; Johann G. Zaller; Silvia Winter. Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter‐row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe. Ecology and Evolution 2019, 9, 4103 -4115.
AMA StyleSophie Kratschmer, Bärbel Pachinger, Martina Schwantzer, Daniel Paredes, Gema Guzmán, José A. Goméz, José A. Entrenas, Muriel Guernion, Françoise Burel, Annegret Nicolai, Albin Fertil, Daniela Maria Popescu, Laura Macavei, Adela Hoble, Claudiu Bunea, Monika Kriechbaum, Johann G. Zaller, Silvia Winter. Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter‐row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe. Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 9 (7):4103-4115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSophie Kratschmer; Bärbel Pachinger; Martina Schwantzer; Daniel Paredes; Gema Guzmán; José A. Goméz; José A. Entrenas; Muriel Guernion; Françoise Burel; Annegret Nicolai; Albin Fertil; Daniela Maria Popescu; Laura Macavei; Adela Hoble; Claudiu Bunea; Monika Kriechbaum; Johann G. Zaller; Silvia Winter. 2019. "Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter‐row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 7: 4103-4115.
Despite the rising popularity of Citizen Science (CS) projects, there is little empirical evidence for effects on learning outcomes, particularly when young people are involved. It is also often not clear how CS projects are linked to science education (SE) research. The aim of this study was to examine biodiversity CS projects in an outdoor school class context and to measure the effects on individual learning outcomes (ILOs) with a perspective for SE. Five learning outcomes considered important for CS were tested: interest, self-efficacy/mastery, motivation, behaviour and attitude. These ILOs were measured via eight different scales and tested in an evaluation study of a large CS project with 428 students aged 8–18. Students recorded hedgehogs, wild bee activity, birds and butterflies in gardens. Results showed that students’ interest and motivation, as well as perceived mastery increased during the project. Most remarkably, positive attitudes towards wild animals, natural gardens and biodiversity rose significantly. For most ILOs there were significant differences between age groups: Primary school students showed the highest ILOs and also provided most database entries. The authors describe how well biodiversity CS projects contribute to SE aims and how discrepancies between educational and scientific aims in CS projects may be addressed.
Julia Kelemen-Finan; Martin Scheuch; Silvia Winter. Contributions from citizen science to science education: an examination of a biodiversity citizen science project with schools in Central Europe. International Journal of Science Education 2018, 40, 2078 -2098.
AMA StyleJulia Kelemen-Finan, Martin Scheuch, Silvia Winter. Contributions from citizen science to science education: an examination of a biodiversity citizen science project with schools in Central Europe. International Journal of Science Education. 2018; 40 (17):2078-2098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Kelemen-Finan; Martin Scheuch; Silvia Winter. 2018. "Contributions from citizen science to science education: an examination of a biodiversity citizen science project with schools in Central Europe." International Journal of Science Education 40, no. 17: 2078-2098.
Viticulture has an effect on several ecosystem services, while it also is a sector critically affected by diverse ecological risks. Payments for agri-environmental services address several of these risks. Based on 77 interviews, we compare the motivational patterns of vintners participating and non-participating in the Austrian agri-environmental scheme ÖPUL to analyse mechanisms of motivation crowding. We identified three types of vintners that are motivated not only by “financial incentives” but also by a complex combination of different intersecting socio-psychological mechanisms – such as frame shifting by social learning or peer recognition reinforcing or control aversion and frustration with the administrative burden hindering the delivery of environmental services. More research is needed to understand how different strategies of risk governance, such as legal standards, information, capacity building, incentives and reflective discourse might be best combined to address different groups of farmers.
Pia Regina Kieninger; Katharina Gugerell; Vera Biba; Isabella Auberger; Silvia Winter; Marianne Penker. Motivation Crowding and Participation in Agri-Environmental Schemes – The Case of the Austrian Öpul-Programme in Vineyards. European Countryside 2018, 10, 355 -376.
AMA StylePia Regina Kieninger, Katharina Gugerell, Vera Biba, Isabella Auberger, Silvia Winter, Marianne Penker. Motivation Crowding and Participation in Agri-Environmental Schemes – The Case of the Austrian Öpul-Programme in Vineyards. European Countryside. 2018; 10 (3):355-376.
Chicago/Turabian StylePia Regina Kieninger; Katharina Gugerell; Vera Biba; Isabella Auberger; Silvia Winter; Marianne Penker. 2018. "Motivation Crowding and Participation in Agri-Environmental Schemes – The Case of the Austrian Öpul-Programme in Vineyards." European Countryside 10, no. 3: 355-376.
The perception of landscape and consumption behaviour in relation to landscape was estimated using a questionnaire-based survey with 17 photographs: 15 photos from Romanian representative landscape units, 1 photo representing a foreign landscape (Hungary), and 1 marketing photo. The photo documentation was conducted in sixteen vineyards ecosystems from Târnave Viticultural Region - Transylvania (NW-Romania). The most representative landscape was the photo that had the specifications and criteria: low practices intensity with low landscape complexity; and the less representative landscape was the photo that had the specifications and criteria: photo capturing hiking, walking, tourism, and recreational activities in a viticulture landscape. The landscape could influence the following aspects of communities’ livelihood: establishments and development of enterprises, tourism and recreation businesses, and the place to live. The words used by interviewed people to point out the landscape were interpreted from the point of view of the concept of multifunctionality.
Adela Hoble; Daniela Popescu; Claudiu Bunea; Daniel Cluzeau; Muriel Guernion; Annegret Nicolai; Alben Fertil; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller; Gema Guzmán. The Perception of Viticultural Landscapes as a Method of Promoting and Supporting Local Economic Activities Through Multifunctional Landscapes. “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 2018, 1, 387 -392.
AMA StyleAdela Hoble, Daniela Popescu, Claudiu Bunea, Daniel Cluzeau, Muriel Guernion, Annegret Nicolai, Alben Fertil, Silvia Winter, Johann Zaller, Gema Guzmán. The Perception of Viticultural Landscapes as a Method of Promoting and Supporting Local Economic Activities Through Multifunctional Landscapes. “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings. 2018; 1 (1):387-392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdela Hoble; Daniela Popescu; Claudiu Bunea; Daniel Cluzeau; Muriel Guernion; Annegret Nicolai; Alben Fertil; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller; Gema Guzmán. 2018. "The Perception of Viticultural Landscapes as a Method of Promoting and Supporting Local Economic Activities Through Multifunctional Landscapes." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1: 387-392.
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Jacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Daniel Paredes; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Muriel Guernion; Jennifer Scimia; Daniel Cluzeau; Françoise Burel; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Martin Potthoff; Johann G. Zaller. Author Correction: Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 6471 .
AMA StyleJacob Buchholz, Pascal Querner, Daniel Paredes, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Muriel Guernion, Jennifer Scimia, Daniel Cluzeau, Françoise Burel, Sophie Kratschmer, Silvia Winter, Martin Potthoff, Johann G. Zaller. Author Correction: Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):6471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Daniel Paredes; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Muriel Guernion; Jennifer Scimia; Daniel Cluzeau; Françoise Burel; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Martin Potthoff; Johann G. Zaller. 2018. "Author Correction: Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 6471.
At the global scale, vineyards are usually managed intensively to optimize wine production without considering possible negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) such as high soil erosion rates, degradation of soil fertility or contamination of groundwater. Winegrowers regulate competition for water and nutrients between the vines and inter‐row vegetation by tilling, mulching and/or herbicide application. Strategies for more sustainable viticulture recommend maintaining vegetation cover in inter‐rows, however, there is a lack of knowledge as to what extent this less intensive inter‐row management affects biodiversity and associated ES. We performed a hierarchical meta‐analysis to quantify the effects of extensive vineyard inter‐row vegetation management in comparison to more intensive management (like soil tillage or herbicide use) on biodiversity and ES from 74 studies covering four continents and 13 wine‐producing countries. Overall, extensive vegetation management increased above‐ and below‐ground biodiversity and ecosystem service provision by 20% in comparison to intensive management. Organic management together with management without herbicides showed a stronger positive effect on ES and biodiversity provision than inter‐row soil tillage. Soil loss parameters showed the largest positive response to inter‐row vegetation cover. The second highest positive response was observed for biodiversity variables, followed by carbon sequestration, pest control and soil fertility. We found no trade‐off between grape yield and quality vs. biodiversity or other ES. Synthesis and applications. Our meta‐analysis concludes that vegetation cover in inter‐rows contributes to biodiversity conservation and provides multiple ecosystem services. However, in drier climates grape yield might decrease without irrigation and careful vegetation management. Agri‐environmental policies should therefore focus on granting subsidies for the establishment of locally adapted diverse vegetation cover in vineyard inter‐rows. Future studies should focus on analysing the combined effects of local vineyard management and landscape composition and advance research in wine‐growing regions in Asia and in the southern hemisphere.
Silvia Winter; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Sophie Kratschmer; Daniel Paredes; Daniela Maria Popescu; Blanca Landa; Gema Guzmán; José A. Gómez; Muriel Guernion; Johann G. Zaller; Peter Batary. Effects of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 2018, 55, 2484 -2495.
AMA StyleSilvia Winter, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Sophie Kratschmer, Daniel Paredes, Daniela Maria Popescu, Blanca Landa, Gema Guzmán, José A. Gómez, Muriel Guernion, Johann G. Zaller, Peter Batary. Effects of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2018; 55 (5):2484-2495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Winter; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Sophie Kratschmer; Daniel Paredes; Daniela Maria Popescu; Blanca Landa; Gema Guzmán; José A. Gómez; Muriel Guernion; Johann G. Zaller; Peter Batary. 2018. "Effects of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: A meta-analysis." Journal of Applied Ecology 55, no. 5: 2484-2495.
Citizen science is a rapidly growing emerging field in science and it is gaining importance in education. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of biology teachers who participated in a citizen science project involving observation of wild bees and identification of butterflies. In this paper, knowledge about how these biological methods can be taught to students is presented. After two years in the project, four teachers were interviewed and their PCK was captured in the form of content representations (CoRes) and Pedagogical and Professional-Experience Repertoires (PaP-eRs). These results can help future citizen science projects to link their activities to the school curriculum. But not only success can be reported: although one of the project team’s aims was to make the Nature of Science accessible to the teachers and students in the course of the project, the teachers did not take this aspect into account. This paper discusses the possible reasons and proposes various strategies for improving citizen science in the context of school biology learning.
Martin Scheuch; Tanja Panhuber; Silvia Winter; Julia Kelemen-Finan; Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter; Suzanne Kapelari. Butterflies & wild bees: biology teachers’ PCK development through citizen science. Journal of Biological Education 2018, 52, 79 -88.
AMA StyleMartin Scheuch, Tanja Panhuber, Silvia Winter, Julia Kelemen-Finan, Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter, Suzanne Kapelari. Butterflies & wild bees: biology teachers’ PCK development through citizen science. Journal of Biological Education. 2018; 52 (1):79-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Scheuch; Tanja Panhuber; Silvia Winter; Julia Kelemen-Finan; Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter; Suzanne Kapelari. 2018. "Butterflies & wild bees: biology teachers’ PCK development through citizen science." Journal of Biological Education 52, no. 1: 79-88.
Tillage is known for its adverse effects on soil biota, at least in arable agroecosystems. However, in vineyards effects might differ as tillage is often performed during dry periods or only in every other inter-row allowing species to re-colonise disturbed areas. We examined the response of earthworms (lumbricids), springtails (collembola) and litter decomposition to periodically mechanically disturbed (PMD) and permanently green covered (PGC) vineyard inter-rows and assessed whether site effects are altered by the surrounding landscape. In commercial vineyards in Austria we sampled earthworms by handsorting, springtails by soil coring and pitfall trapping and installed litter decomposition bags. Earthworm species diversity increased with plant biomass under PMD but not under PGC; earthworm density was unaffected by tillage but increased with plant biomass mainly at high soil quality (soil fertility index). Springtail species diversity was unaffected by tillage; springtail densities (mainly larger species) were reduced under PGC. Litter decomposition was little affected by investigated parameters. Landscape heterogeneity affected the functional diversity of surface springtails, but did not influence soil-dwelling springtails, earthworms or litter decomposition. We conclude that effects on soil biota of periodical tillage in vineyards need not necessarily be detrimental and will be modified by plant biomass and soil quality.
Jacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Daniel Paredes; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Muriel Guernion; Jennifer Scimia; Daniel Cluzeau; Françoise Burel; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Martin Potthoff; Johann G. Zaller. Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -12.
AMA StyleJacob Buchholz, Pascal Querner, Daniel Paredes, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Muriel Guernion, Jennifer Scimia, Daniel Cluzeau, Françoise Burel, Sophie Kratschmer, Silvia Winter, Martin Potthoff, Johann G. Zaller. Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacob Buchholz; Pascal Querner; Daniel Paredes; Thomas Bauer; Peter Strauss; Muriel Guernion; Jennifer Scimia; Daniel Cluzeau; Françoise Burel; Sophie Kratschmer; Silvia Winter; Martin Potthoff; Johann G. Zaller. 2017. "Soil biota in vineyards are more influenced by plants and soil quality than by tillage intensity or the surrounding landscape." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-12.
. The purpose of this research was to analyse the yeld and quality of eight grapevine varieties (two Romanian autochthonous varieties: ‘Fetească regală’, ‘Traminer roz’, and six world-wide varieties: ‘Rhin Riesling’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, ‘Muscat Ottonel’, ‘Pinot gris’, ‘Chardonnay’and ‘Italian Riesling’ cultivated in two different types of soil management (low and high intensity).
Claudiu Bunea; Daniela Popescu; Adela Hoble; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller. Inventory of Viticultural Yield and Quality Parameters in Respect of Soil Management. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 2017, 74, 61 .
AMA StyleClaudiu Bunea, Daniela Popescu, Adela Hoble, Silvia Winter, Johann Zaller. Inventory of Viticultural Yield and Quality Parameters in Respect of Soil Management. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture. 2017; 74 (1):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudiu Bunea; Daniela Popescu; Adela Hoble; Silvia Winter; Johann Zaller. 2017. "Inventory of Viticultural Yield and Quality Parameters in Respect of Soil Management." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 74, no. 1: 61.
Silvia Winter; Linda S. Jung; R. Lutz Eckstein; Annette Otte; Tobias W. Donath; Monika Kriechbaum. Control of the toxic plant Colchicum autumnale in semi-natural grasslands: effects of cutting treatments on demography and diversity. Journal of Applied Ecology 2014, 51, 524 -533.
AMA StyleSilvia Winter, Linda S. Jung, R. Lutz Eckstein, Annette Otte, Tobias W. Donath, Monika Kriechbaum. Control of the toxic plant Colchicum autumnale in semi-natural grasslands: effects of cutting treatments on demography and diversity. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2014; 51 (2):524-533.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Winter; Linda S. Jung; R. Lutz Eckstein; Annette Otte; Tobias W. Donath; Monika Kriechbaum. 2014. "Control of the toxic plant Colchicum autumnale in semi-natural grasslands: effects of cutting treatments on demography and diversity." Journal of Applied Ecology 51, no. 2: 524-533.
Background: Hybridisation in Senecio/Jacobaea is frequent and of significance in speciation and evolution. Moreover, these genera are model systems for studying the evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Hybrids between Jacobaea aquatica and J. vulgaris have been reported from north-western Europe. Aims: Our aim was to determine whether hybrids between Jacobaea aquatica and J. vulgaris also occurred in Austria, and if these hybrids could be responsible for the presumed increase of J. aquatica-like plants in this part of Europe. Furthermore, we tested if such hybrids showed an altered PA spectrum compared with parental species. Methods: We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to analyse genetic diversity and structure, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify PAs. Results: We were able to identify genetically one hybrid population adjacent to a large J. aquatica population. The AFLP phenotypes of hybrids demonstrated a closer relationship to J. aquatica, suggesting frequent backcrossing. All hybrid individuals contained the same set of PAs as the parental species, but in differing amounts, plus four additional PAs, one of which may be novel. Conclusions: Although hybridisation in Jacobaea is common, we were able to confirm only one hybrid population in Austria. Therefore, it seems unlikely that hybridisation plays a role in the presumed increase of J. aquatica in this area.
Silvia Winter; Remigius Chizzola; Monika Kriechbaum; Matthias Kropf. Hybridisation inJacobaea– characterisation of hybrids betweenJacobaea aquaticaandJ. vulgarisin Austria. Plant Ecology & Diversity 2013, 6, 217 -229.
AMA StyleSilvia Winter, Remigius Chizzola, Monika Kriechbaum, Matthias Kropf. Hybridisation inJacobaea– characterisation of hybrids betweenJacobaea aquaticaandJ. vulgarisin Austria. Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2013; 6 (2):217-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Winter; Remigius Chizzola; Monika Kriechbaum; Matthias Kropf. 2013. "Hybridisation inJacobaea– characterisation of hybrids betweenJacobaea aquaticaandJ. vulgarisin Austria." Plant Ecology & Diversity 6, no. 2: 217-229.
Colchicum autumnale is a perennial hysteranthous geophyte, which is native to Europe. It is characteristic of periodically wet to moderately moist grasslands but also occurs in alluvial forests. This article gives an overview of the taxonomy, distribution, life cycle, and population biology of C. autumnale and puts special emphasis on its morphology, germination and its response to competition and management.
Linda S. Jung; Silvia Winter; R. Lutz Eckstein; Monika Kriechbaum; Gerhard Karrer; Erik Welk; Martin Elsässer; Tobias W. Donath; Annette Otte. Colchicum autumnale L. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2011, 13, 227 -244.
AMA StyleLinda S. Jung, Silvia Winter, R. Lutz Eckstein, Monika Kriechbaum, Gerhard Karrer, Erik Welk, Martin Elsässer, Tobias W. Donath, Annette Otte. Colchicum autumnale L. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 2011; 13 (3):227-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinda S. Jung; Silvia Winter; R. Lutz Eckstein; Monika Kriechbaum; Gerhard Karrer; Erik Welk; Martin Elsässer; Tobias W. Donath; Annette Otte. 2011. "Colchicum autumnale L." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 13, no. 3: 227-244.
High densities of Colchicum autumnale may endanger grassland management in Austria. As the toxic components persist in hay and silage, the continuation of the management of these grasslands, which are often characterised by a high biodiversity, is uncertain. Farmers possess valuable and context-specific know-how on toxic plants and grassland management. This study aims at assessing the contribution of farmers’ knowledge to nature conservation research on toxic plants in grasslands. In total, we conducted 170 face-to-face interviews with farmers managing grasslands with C. autumnale in four areas of Lower Austria. In addition, the farmers were invited to regional workshops to discuss C. autumnale, control measures and related problems. We also encouraged farmers to carry out on-farm experiments. To provide triangulation of the participatory with academic research results, C. autumnale was mapped in three municipalities, covering in total 686 ha. The majority of all grassland plots were extensively managed meadows. More than half of them were not fertilised and were subject to nature conservation regulations. Farmers reported an increase of C. autumnale on 44% of all grassland plots. Of these, grassland management has been extensified in 64%. About 27% of all farmers regarded C. autumnale as a problem. Among farmers who sold hay, 48% considered it as problematic. The field survey showed that C. autumnale covers up to 73% of grasslands. Farmers’ knowledge is an important contribution to nature conservation research and should be included in the design and implementation of agri-environmental schemes so that long-term extensive grassland management can be assured.
Silvia Winter; Marianne Penker; Monika Kriechbaum. Integrating farmers’ knowledge on toxic plants and grassland management: a case study on Colchicum autumnale in Austria. Biodiversity and Conservation 2011, 20, 1763 -1787.
AMA StyleSilvia Winter, Marianne Penker, Monika Kriechbaum. Integrating farmers’ knowledge on toxic plants and grassland management: a case study on Colchicum autumnale in Austria. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2011; 20 (8):1763-1787.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Winter; Marianne Penker; Monika Kriechbaum. 2011. "Integrating farmers’ knowledge on toxic plants and grassland management: a case study on Colchicum autumnale in Austria." Biodiversity and Conservation 20, no. 8: 1763-1787.