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Prakash Gangashetty
International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502 324, India

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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

ACS Style

Armel Rouamba; Hussein Shimelis; Inoussa Drabo; Mark Laing; Prakash Gangashetty; Isack Mathew; Emmanuel Mrema; Admire Shayanowako. Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8460 .

AMA Style

Armel Rouamba, Hussein Shimelis, Inoussa Drabo, Mark Laing, Prakash Gangashetty, Isack Mathew, Emmanuel Mrema, Admire Shayanowako. Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armel Rouamba; Hussein Shimelis; Inoussa Drabo; Mark Laing; Prakash Gangashetty; Isack Mathew; Emmanuel Mrema; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8460.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in GigaScience
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Background Digitaria exilis, white fonio, is a minor but vital crop of West Africa that is valued for its resilience in hot, dry, and low-fertility environments and for the exceptional quality of its grain for human nutrition. Its success is hindered, however, by a low degree of plant breeding and improvement. Findings We sequenced the fonio genome with long-read SMRT-cell technology, yielding a ∼761 Mb assembly in 3,329 contigs (N50, 1.73 Mb; L50, 126). The assembly approaches a high level of completion, with a BUSCO score of >99%. The fonio genome was found to be a tetraploid, with most of the genome retained as homoeologous duplications that differ overall by ∼4.3%, neglecting indels. The 2 genomes within fonio were found to have begun their independent divergence ∼3.1 million years ago. The repeat content (>49%) is fairly standard for a grass genome of this size, but the ratio of Gypsy to Copia long terminal repeat retrotransposons (∼6.7) was found to be exceptionally high. Several genes related to future improvement of the crop were identified including shattering, plant height, and grain size. Analysis of fonio population genetics, primarily in Mali, indicated that the crop has extensive genetic diversity that is largely partitioned across a north-south gradient coinciding with the Sahel and Sudan grassland domains. Conclusions We provide a high-quality assembly, annotation, and diversity analysis for a vital African crop. The availability of this information should empower future research into further domestication and improvement of fonio.

ACS Style

Xuewen Wang; Shiyu Chen; Xiao Ma; Anna E J Yssel; Srinivasa R Chaluvadi; Matthew S Johnson; Prakash Gangashetty; Falalou Hamidou; Moussa D Sanogo; Arthur Zwaenepoel; Jason Wallace; Yves Van de Peer; Jeffrey L Bennetzen; Allen Van Deynze. Genome sequence and genetic diversity analysis of an under-domesticated orphan crop, white fonio (Digitaria exilis). GigaScience 2021, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Xuewen Wang, Shiyu Chen, Xiao Ma, Anna E J Yssel, Srinivasa R Chaluvadi, Matthew S Johnson, Prakash Gangashetty, Falalou Hamidou, Moussa D Sanogo, Arthur Zwaenepoel, Jason Wallace, Yves Van de Peer, Jeffrey L Bennetzen, Allen Van Deynze. Genome sequence and genetic diversity analysis of an under-domesticated orphan crop, white fonio (Digitaria exilis). GigaScience. 2021; 10 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuewen Wang; Shiyu Chen; Xiao Ma; Anna E J Yssel; Srinivasa R Chaluvadi; Matthew S Johnson; Prakash Gangashetty; Falalou Hamidou; Moussa D Sanogo; Arthur Zwaenepoel; Jason Wallace; Yves Van de Peer; Jeffrey L Bennetzen; Allen Van Deynze. 2021. "Genome sequence and genetic diversity analysis of an under-domesticated orphan crop, white fonio (Digitaria exilis)." GigaScience 10, no. 3: 1.

Research article
Published: 15 February 2021 in Weed Science
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The parasitic plant purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.] poses a serious threat to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. Under natural infestation, the wild pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] line 29Aw demonstrates resistance against the parasite, but the mechanism of its resistance is unknown. Striga resistance can be due to: (1) low induction of Striga germination (pre-attachment resistance) or (2) inhibition of parasite attachment and development (post-attachment resistance). Germination bioassays and root chamber (rhizotron) resistance-screening assays were used to determine the extent of pre- and post-attachment Striga resistance in 29Aw compared with the Striga-susceptible ‘SOSAT-C88-P10’ variety. Regarding pre-attachment resistance, 29Aw stimulated 10-fold less Striga seed germination at a maximum germination distance of 7.96 ± 2.75 mm from the host root compared with 35.94 ± 2.88 mm in SOSAT-C88-P10. Post-attachment resistance revealed 10- to 19-fold fewer and 2.5-fold shorter Striga seedlings with 28-fold less biomass growing on 29Aw compared with SOSAT-C88-P10. Microscopic analysis showed that Striga penetration in 29Aw was blocked at the endodermal and cortical levels. Post-attachment resistance in 29Aw was further supported by fewer (22%) Striga–host vascular connections in 29Aw compared with 79% in SOSAT-C88-P10. Together, these findings demonstrate that 29Aw harbors both pre- and post-attachment resistance mechanisms against S. hermonthica.

ACS Style

Olivier Dayou; Willy Kibet; Patroba Ojola; Prakash Irappa Gangashetty; Susann Wicke; Steven Runo. Two-tier witchweed (Striga hermonthica) resistance in wild pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) 29Aw. Weed Science 2021, 69, 300 -306.

AMA Style

Olivier Dayou, Willy Kibet, Patroba Ojola, Prakash Irappa Gangashetty, Susann Wicke, Steven Runo. Two-tier witchweed (Striga hermonthica) resistance in wild pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) 29Aw. Weed Science. 2021; 69 (3):300-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olivier Dayou; Willy Kibet; Patroba Ojola; Prakash Irappa Gangashetty; Susann Wicke; Steven Runo. 2021. "Two-tier witchweed (Striga hermonthica) resistance in wild pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) 29Aw." Weed Science 69, no. 3: 300-306.

Article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Euphytica
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), the major source of minerals and dietary energy for people living in the semi-arid regions of Sahel, is regularly damaged by millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella. In order to identify the plant-based resistance sources for millet head miner along with high grain Fe and Zn, we have screened forty pearl millet genotypes, using an artificial infestation method. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the genotypes tested for head miner resistance. The genotypes Gamoji, ICMP 177001, ICMP 177002, ICMV 177003, ICMV IS 90311, LCIC9702, Souna 3, ICMV IS 94206 and PE08043 exhibited antibiosis resistance mechanism to Heliocheilus albipunctella with appreciable agronomy and grain yield when compared with the susceptible check ICMV IS 92222. The genotypes Faringuero, ICMV 167005, ICMV IS 99001, Sadore local, SOSAT-C88, and ICMP 177004 exhibited tolerance to head miner damage with good per se performance. The genotypes ICMP 177001, ICMP 177002, ICMV 177003, and Moro exhibited resistance to millet head miner and had consistent grain Fe content across seasons (ranging from 44 to 70 ppm). Association between the head miner resistance and morphological traits showed a positive and significant correlation of larval production index (%) with head miner damage (r = 0.59**). Grain Fe and Zn contents exhibited negative association with panicle length and grain yield indicating proper care should be taken in breeding for these traits. Hence, the identified resistance sources can be effectively utilized in breeding head miner resistant pearl millet OPV’s/hybrids, with high grain yield including Fe and Zn concentrations, to overcome the hunger and malnutrition seen in populations living in the semi-arid tropics.

ACS Style

Riyazaddin Mohammed; Prakash I. Gangashetty; Laouali Karimoune; Niango Malick Ba. Genetic variation and diversity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] genotypes assessed for millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella resistance, in West Africa. Euphytica 2020, 216, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Riyazaddin Mohammed, Prakash I. Gangashetty, Laouali Karimoune, Niango Malick Ba. Genetic variation and diversity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] genotypes assessed for millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella resistance, in West Africa. Euphytica. 2020; 216 (10):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riyazaddin Mohammed; Prakash I. Gangashetty; Laouali Karimoune; Niango Malick Ba. 2020. "Genetic variation and diversity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] genotypes assessed for millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella resistance, in West Africa." Euphytica 216, no. 10: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Journal of Cereal Science
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Pearl millet is the most important staple food crop for millions of people across the world. Micronutrient malnutrition is the major problem for the people living in the semi-arid regions of Africa. Identification of the gene effects controlling the inheritance of grain Fe and Zn will be helpful in formulating the suitable breeding strategies for biofortified pearl millet development. Hence, generation mean analysis was used to study epistasis and estimate gene effects for grain iron and zinc contents along with the agronomic and morphological traits. Six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 were generated and were evaluated during the 2018–19 off season. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the traits in both generations. Six parameter model revealed predominant additive gene effects for the inheritance of grain iron concentration, and additive × additive gene effects type of non-allelic gene effects was the most important. For grain zinc concentration additive gene effects were preponderant compared to non-additive gene effects, and only additive × dominance gene effects were significant among the three types of epistasis. Grain weight per plant was predominantly under non-additive gene effects and additive × additive and additive × dominance gene effects type of epistasis was detected in each cross. Likewise, for flowering non-additive gene effects were most important with the presence of dominance × dominance type of epistasis. For plant height, panicle circumference and length, additive × additive genes effects were the most important among the three type of non-allelic gene action.

ACS Style

Bassirou Sani Boubacar Gaoh; Prakash I. Gangashetty; Riyazaddin Mohammed; Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo; Pangirayi Tongoona. Generation mean analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grain iron and zinc contents and agronomic traits in West Africa. Journal of Cereal Science 2020, 96, 103066 .

AMA Style

Bassirou Sani Boubacar Gaoh, Prakash I. Gangashetty, Riyazaddin Mohammed, Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo, Pangirayi Tongoona. Generation mean analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grain iron and zinc contents and agronomic traits in West Africa. Journal of Cereal Science. 2020; 96 ():103066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bassirou Sani Boubacar Gaoh; Prakash I. Gangashetty; Riyazaddin Mohammed; Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo; Pangirayi Tongoona. 2020. "Generation mean analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grain iron and zinc contents and agronomic traits in West Africa." Journal of Cereal Science 96, no. : 103066.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in BMC Genomics
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Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

ACS Style

Ghislain Kanfany; Desalegn D. Serba; Davina Rhodes; Paul St. Amand; Amy Bernardo; Prakash Gangashetty; Ndjido Ardo Kane; Guihua Bai. Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties. BMC Genomics 2020, 21, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Ghislain Kanfany, Desalegn D. Serba, Davina Rhodes, Paul St. Amand, Amy Bernardo, Prakash Gangashetty, Ndjido Ardo Kane, Guihua Bai. Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties. BMC Genomics. 2020; 21 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghislain Kanfany; Desalegn D. Serba; Davina Rhodes; Paul St. Amand; Amy Bernardo; Prakash Gangashetty; Ndjido Ardo Kane; Guihua Bai. 2020. "Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties." BMC Genomics 21, no. 1: 1-12.

Research article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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Background Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) has become increasingly attractive due to its health benefits. It's grown for food and fodder in Africa and Asia for human consumption and fodder for livestock. In this study, our work focused on five pearl millet populations from different agro‐ecological zones from Tunisia on characterization in morphological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and Fusarium occurrence. Results Variance analysis revealed highly significant differences between populations for the quantitative traits. The highest weights' values were achieved from the pearl millet cultivated in Zaafrana and Gergis of Tunisia. Moreover, early‐flowering and early maturing populations cultivated in the center (Zaafrana, Rejiche) and south (Gergis) of Tunisia tended to have a higher grain yield. Zaafrana population showed the highest value of green fodder potential followed by Gergis and Rejiche. Kelibia population showed the presence of the maximum amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Rejiche exhibited maximum antioxidant activity. Trans‐cinnamic, protocatechuic and hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic compound in all the extracts. Three Fusarium species were identified in Tunisian pearl millet populations based on morphologic and molecular characterization. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum had the most predominant frequencies. The average incidence of the three Fusarium species was relatively low (< 5%) in all populations, where the least infection rate (0.1%) was recorded in Zaafrana samples. Conclusion Chemometric analysis confirmed the usefulness of the above traits for discrimination of pearl millet populations, where a considerable structure according to geographical origin and bioclimatic conditions was observed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Aida Bouajila; Myriam Lamine; Fatma Zahra Rahali; Imen Melki; Gangashetty Prakash; Abdelwahed Ghorbel. Pearl millet populations characterized by Fusarium prevalence, morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2020, 100, 4172 -4181.

AMA Style

Aida Bouajila, Myriam Lamine, Fatma Zahra Rahali, Imen Melki, Gangashetty Prakash, Abdelwahed Ghorbel. Pearl millet populations characterized by Fusarium prevalence, morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020; 100 (11):4172-4181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aida Bouajila; Myriam Lamine; Fatma Zahra Rahali; Imen Melki; Gangashetty Prakash; Abdelwahed Ghorbel. 2020. "Pearl millet populations characterized by Fusarium prevalence, morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 11: 4172-4181.

Preprint
Published: 20 July 2018
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Pearl millet plays a major role in food security in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and India. However, it lags behind the other cereal crops in terms of genetic improvement. The recent sequencing of its genome opens the way to the use of modern genomic tools for breeding. Our study aimed at identifying genetic components involved in early drought stress tolerance as a first step toward the development of improved pearl millet varieties or hybrids. A panel of 188 inbred lines from West Africa was phenotyped under early drought stress and well-irrigated conditions. We found a strong impact of drought stress on yield components. This impact was variable between inbred lines. We then performed an association analysis with a total of 392,493 SNPs identified using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Correcting for genetic relatedness, genome wide association study identified QTLs for biomass production in early drought stress conditions and for stay-green trait. In particular, genes involved in the sirohaem and wax biosynthesis pathways were found to co-locate with association loci. Our results open the way to use genomic selection to breed pearl millet lines with improved yield under drought stress.

ACS Style

Marilyne Debieu; Bassirou Sine; Sixtine Passot; Alexandre Grondin; Ae Akata; Prakash Gangashetty; Vincent Vadez; Pascal Gantet; Daniel Fonceka; Laurent Cournac; Charles Tom Hash; Na Kane; Yves Vigouroux; Laurent Laplaze; Eyanawa Akata; Ndjido Kane. Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet. 2018, 373233 .

AMA Style

Marilyne Debieu, Bassirou Sine, Sixtine Passot, Alexandre Grondin, Ae Akata, Prakash Gangashetty, Vincent Vadez, Pascal Gantet, Daniel Fonceka, Laurent Cournac, Charles Tom Hash, Na Kane, Yves Vigouroux, Laurent Laplaze, Eyanawa Akata, Ndjido Kane. Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet. . 2018; ():373233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marilyne Debieu; Bassirou Sine; Sixtine Passot; Alexandre Grondin; Ae Akata; Prakash Gangashetty; Vincent Vadez; Pascal Gantet; Daniel Fonceka; Laurent Cournac; Charles Tom Hash; Na Kane; Yves Vigouroux; Laurent Laplaze; Eyanawa Akata; Ndjido Kane. 2018. "Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet." , no. : 373233.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2016 in Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits
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Micronutrients are essential minerals and vitamins required by humans in tiny amounts which play a vital role in human health and development. Over three billion people in the world are malnourished, particularly in the developing countries. Current food systems cannot provide sufficiently balanced micronutrients required to meet daily needs and to sustain the wellbeing of people in developing countries. Heavy and monotonous consumption of cereal-based foods which contain limited amounts of micronutrients is one of the major reasons for the significantly high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in many of the developing countries. The development of crops with enhanced micronutrient concentration is one of the most sustainable and cost-effective approaches to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition globally. In this chapter we focus on the research to improve mineral element concentration in crops through plant breeding strategies, especially in major cereal crops and a legume which are most widely cultivated and preferred in Africa and Asia. Biofortification is an appropriate strategy to increase the bioavailable concentrations of an element in edible portions of crop plants through traditional breeding practices or modern biotechnology to overcome the problem of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, conventional breeding with modern genetic engineering approaches are important for developing crop cultivars with enhanced micronutrient concentrations to improve human health. This chapter reports on biofortification research on rice, pearl millet, sorghum, maize, wheat and common bean.

ACS Style

Prakash I. Gangashetty; Babu N. Motagi; Ramachandra Pavan; Mallikarjun B. Roodagi. Breeding Crop Plants for Improved Human Nutrition Through Biofortification: Progress and Prospects. Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits 2016, 35 -76.

AMA Style

Prakash I. Gangashetty, Babu N. Motagi, Ramachandra Pavan, Mallikarjun B. Roodagi. Breeding Crop Plants for Improved Human Nutrition Through Biofortification: Progress and Prospects. Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits. 2016; ():35-76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prakash I. Gangashetty; Babu N. Motagi; Ramachandra Pavan; Mallikarjun B. Roodagi. 2016. "Breeding Crop Plants for Improved Human Nutrition Through Biofortification: Progress and Prospects." Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits , no. : 35-76.