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Background Although observational studies have shown an association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone (T) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), controversy remains. In this study, we aim to explore the causal effects of SHBG and T on Coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods We used univariable, network and multivariable mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effect of SHBG and T on CHD. We performed inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR as the primary analysis, with the robustness of this approach further tested by other methods in sensitivity analysis. The SHBG and T were collected from the UK Biobank data, about 180,000 men aged 40 to 69 years. CHD was collected from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes-based GWAS, which was a meta-analysis including 48 studies and involving 60,801 CHD cases and 123,504 controls. Results Using univariable MR-IVW, the results suggested that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in SHBG, the risk of CHD decreased by approximately 14% (OR (95% CI): 0.86(0.76,0.97)), and that a SD increase in total testosterone (TT), the risk also decreased, approximately 8% (OR (95% CI): 0.92(0.85,0.99)). Multivariable MR showed that both SHBG and TT had no direct causal effect with CHD (a SD increase in SHBG: OR (95% CI):0.75(0.57,1.00), P = 0.053; a SD increase in TT: OR (95% CI): 1.05(0.90,1.22), P = 0.53). In the network MR analysis, the results suggested that TT might act as mediator in the causal pathway from SHBG to CHD and account for 93% of the total effect of SHBG on CHD, and that SHBG might be a mediator in the causal pathway from TT to CHD and account for 67% of the total effect of TT on CHD. Conclusions Genetically predicted SHBG and TT were negatively correlated with CHD in both univariable and network MR, which may provide a causal explanation behind the observed conclusion. In addition, TT and SHBG had a bidirectional causal effect. Further work is required to disentangle the downstream effects of SHBG/TT on CHD and the molecular pathways involved, as the simultaneous regulation of SHBG and TT may make it a viable strategy for the prevention or treatment of CHD.
Yunxia Li; Shucheng Si; Lei Hou; Tonghui Yuan; Xiaolu Chen; Congcong Liu; Wenchao Li; Hongkai Li; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. Causal effect of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone on coronary heart disease: A multivariable and network Mendelian randomization analysis. International Journal of Cardiology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleYunxia Li, Shucheng Si, Lei Hou, Tonghui Yuan, Xiaolu Chen, Congcong Liu, Wenchao Li, Hongkai Li, Yanxun Liu, Fuzhong Xue. Causal effect of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone on coronary heart disease: A multivariable and network Mendelian randomization analysis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunxia Li; Shucheng Si; Lei Hou; Tonghui Yuan; Xiaolu Chen; Congcong Liu; Wenchao Li; Hongkai Li; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. 2021. "Causal effect of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone on coronary heart disease: A multivariable and network Mendelian randomization analysis." International Journal of Cardiology , no. : 1.
Available data about the effects of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on ischemic stroke (IS) and its main risk factors remains limited and conflicting. Therefore, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess whether genetically predicted PUFA affected IS, lipids and blood pressure (BP). Genetic instruments associated with IS were derived from ISGC Consortium (n = 29,633), with lipids were derived from GLGC(n = 188,577), with BP were derived from Neale Lab(n = 337,000). The inverse-variance weighted method was the main analysis to estimate the effect of exposure on outcome. Sensitivity analyses included principal components analysis, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Per SD increases in serum α-linolenic acid (ALA) were associated with lower IS risk, with odd ratio (OR) of 0.867(0.782,0.961), arachidonic acid (AA) were associated with higher IS risk (OR: 1.053(1.014,1.094)). Likewise, Per SD increases in ALA were associated with the lower-level low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) (β:-0.122(− 0.144, − 0.101), − 0.159(− 0.182, − 0.135), − 0.148(− 0.171, − 0.126), respectively), AA were associated with the higher-level of LDL-C, HDL-C and TC (β:0.045(0.034,0.056), 0.059(0.050,0.067), 0.055(0.046,0.063), respectively). Linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had little or no association with IS, lipids or BP at Bonferroni-corrected significance. Different analytic methods supported these findings. The intercept test of MR-Egger implied no pleiotropy. High-level plasma ALA was protective for IS but AA was the opposite. LA, EPA, DHA, and DPA had no effects on IS.
Tonghui Yuan; Shucheng Si; Yunxia Li; Wenchao Li; Xiaolu Chen; Congcong Liu; Jiqing Li; Bojie Wang; Lei Hou; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. Roles for circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke and modifiable factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutrition Journal 2020, 19, 1 -11.
AMA StyleTonghui Yuan, Shucheng Si, Yunxia Li, Wenchao Li, Xiaolu Chen, Congcong Liu, Jiqing Li, Bojie Wang, Lei Hou, Yanxun Liu, Fuzhong Xue. Roles for circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke and modifiable factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutrition Journal. 2020; 19 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTonghui Yuan; Shucheng Si; Yunxia Li; Wenchao Li; Xiaolu Chen; Congcong Liu; Jiqing Li; Bojie Wang; Lei Hou; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. 2020. "Roles for circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke and modifiable factors: a Mendelian randomization study." Nutrition Journal 19, no. 1: 1-11.
Confounders can produce spurious associations between exposure and outcome in observational studies. For majority of epidemiologists, adjusting for confounders using logistic regression model is their habitual method, though it has some problems in accuracy and precision. It is, therefore, important to highlight the problems of logistic regression and search the alternative method. Four causal diagram models were defined to summarize confounding equivalence. Both theoretical proofs and simulation studies were performed to verify whether conditioning on different confounding equivalence sets had the same bias-reducing potential and then to select the optimum adjusting strategy, in which logistic regression model and inverse probability weighting based marginal structural model (IPW-based-MSM) were compared. The “do-calculus” was used to calculate the true causal effect of exposure on outcome, then the bias and standard error were used to evaluate the performances of different strategies. Adjusting for different sets of confounding equivalence, as judged by identical Markov boundaries, produced different bias-reducing potential in the logistic regression model. For the sets satisfied G-admissibility, adjusting for the set including all the confounders reduced the equivalent bias to the one containing the parent nodes of the outcome, while the bias after adjusting for the parent nodes of exposure was not equivalent to them. In addition, all causal effect estimations through logistic regression were biased, although the estimation after adjusting for the parent nodes of exposure was nearest to the true causal effect. However, conditioning on different confounding equivalence sets had the same bias-reducing potential under IPW-based-MSM. Compared with logistic regression, the IPW-based-MSM could obtain unbiased causal effect estimation when the adjusted confounders satisfied G-admissibility and the optimal strategy was to adjust for the parent nodes of outcome, which obtained the highest precision. All adjustment strategies through logistic regression were biased for causal effect estimation, while IPW-based-MSM could always obtain unbiased estimation when the adjusted set satisfied G-admissibility. Thus, IPW-based-MSM was recommended to adjust for confounders set.
Yuanyuan Yu; Hongkai Li; Xiaoru Sun; Ping Su; Tingting Wang; Yi Liu; Zhongshang Yuan; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. The alarming problems of confounding equivalence using logistic regression models in the perspective of causal diagrams. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2017, 17, 177 .
AMA StyleYuanyuan Yu, Hongkai Li, Xiaoru Sun, Ping Su, Tingting Wang, Yi Liu, Zhongshang Yuan, Yanxun Liu, Fuzhong Xue. The alarming problems of confounding equivalence using logistic regression models in the perspective of causal diagrams. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2017; 17 (1):177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanyuan Yu; Hongkai Li; Xiaoru Sun; Ping Su; Tingting Wang; Yi Liu; Zhongshang Yuan; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. 2017. "The alarming problems of confounding equivalence using logistic regression models in the perspective of causal diagrams." BMC Medical Research Methodology 17, no. 1: 177.
Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) contributes to gout and many other diseases. Many hyperuricemia-related risk factors have been discovered, which provided the possibility for building the hyperuricemia prediction model. In this study we aimed to explore the incidence of hyperuricemia and develop hyperuricemia prediction models based on the routine biomarkers for both males and females in urban Han Chinese adults. Methods: A cohort of 58,542 members of the urban population (34,980 males and 23,562 females) aged 20–80 years old, free of hyperuricemia at baseline examination, was followed up for a median 2.5 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to develop gender-specific prediction models. Harrell’s C-statistics was used to evaluate the discrimination ability of the models, and the 10-fold cross-validation was used to validate the models. Results: In 7139 subjects (5585 males and 1554 females), hyperuricemia occurred during a median of 2.5 years of follow-up, leading to a total incidence density of 49.63/1000 person years (64.62/1000 person years for males and 27.12/1000 person years for females). The predictors of hyperuricemia were age, body mass index (BMI) systolic blood pressure, serum uric acid for males, and BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum uric acid, triglycerides for females. The models’ C statistics were 0.783 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.779–0.786) for males and 0.784 (95% CI, 0.778–0.789) for females. After 10-fold cross-validation, the C statistics were still steady, with 0.782 for males and 0.783 for females. Conclusions: In this study, gender-specific prediction models for hyperuricemia for urban Han Chinese adults were developed and performed well.
Jin Cao; Chunxia Wang; Guang Zhang; Xiang Ji; Yanxun Liu; Xiubin Sun; Zhongshang Yuan; Zheng Jiang; Fuzhong Xue. Incidence and Simple Prediction Model of Hyperuricemia for Urban Han Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 67 .
AMA StyleJin Cao, Chunxia Wang, Guang Zhang, Xiang Ji, Yanxun Liu, Xiubin Sun, Zhongshang Yuan, Zheng Jiang, Fuzhong Xue. Incidence and Simple Prediction Model of Hyperuricemia for Urban Han Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (1):67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Cao; Chunxia Wang; Guang Zhang; Xiang Ji; Yanxun Liu; Xiubin Sun; Zhongshang Yuan; Zheng Jiang; Fuzhong Xue. 2017. "Incidence and Simple Prediction Model of Hyperuricemia for Urban Han Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 1: 67.
Previous studies examining temperature–disease associations of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly focused on a single city. The results demonstrated great heterogeneity. A multi-city study is necessary to better understand temperature risk on the childhood incidence of HFMD and the associated modified factors. To assess the effect of ambient temperature on childhood HFMD incidence and explore the potential associated effect modifiers in the study area. Daily morbidity data and meteorological variables of the 17 cities were collected for the period from 2007 to 2012. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate city-specific effects of temperature on HFMD incidence. A multivariate meta-analysis was then applied to pool the estimated city-specific effect. Potential effect modifiers were included in the multivariate meta-regression as meta-predictors. A total of 504,017 childhood HFMD cases were included in the study. The high-incidence period of HFMD was detected in late spring and early summer (April to June). The temperature–disease associations of the 17 cities demonstrated great heterogeneity and the pooled exposure–response curve was an approximately inverted V-shape. Regional indicator, numbers of healthcare institution and annual household income were considered as associated modifiers. Our findings can provide a practical reference for the early warning and intervention strategies of HFMD. Different temperature–disease associations among different regions should be considered when formulating and optimizing public health policy.
Lin Zhu; Xianjun Wang; Yuming Guo; Jing Xu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. Assessment of temperature effect on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease incidence (0–5 years) and associated effect modifiers: A 17 cities study in Shandong Province, China, 2007–2012. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 551-552, 452 -459.
AMA StyleLin Zhu, Xianjun Wang, Yuming Guo, Jing Xu, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. Assessment of temperature effect on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease incidence (0–5 years) and associated effect modifiers: A 17 cities study in Shandong Province, China, 2007–2012. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 551-552 ():452-459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin Zhu; Xianjun Wang; Yuming Guo; Jing Xu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2016. "Assessment of temperature effect on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease incidence (0–5 years) and associated effect modifiers: A 17 cities study in Shandong Province, China, 2007–2012." Science of The Total Environment 551-552, no. : 452-459.
The genetic variants identified by Genome-wide association study (GWAS) can only account for a small proportion of the total heritability for complex disease. The existence of gene-gene joint effects which contains the main effects and their co-association is one of the possible explanations for the "missing heritability" problems. Gene-gene co-association refers to the extent to which the joint effects of two genes differ from the main effects, not only due to the traditional interaction under nearly independent condition but the correlation between genes. Generally, genes tend to work collaboratively within specific pathway or network contributing to the disease and the specific disease-associated locus will often be highly correlated (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in linkage disequilibrium). Therefore, we proposed a novel score-based statistic (SBS) as a gene-based method for detecting gene-gene co-association. Various simulations illustrate that, under different sample sizes, marginal effects of causal SNPs and co-association levels, the proposed SBS has the better performance than other existed methods including single SNP-based and principle component analysis (PCA)-based logistic regression model, the statistics based on canonical correlations (CCU), kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCU), partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) and delta-square (δ (2)) statistic. The real data analysis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) further confirmed its advantages in practice. SBS is a powerful and efficient gene-based method for detecting gene-gene co-association.
Jing Xu; Zhongshang Yuan; Jiadong Ji; Xiaoshuai Zhang; Hongkai Li; Xuesen Wu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. A powerful score-based test statistic for detecting gene-gene co-association. BMC Genetics 2016, 17, 31 .
AMA StyleJing Xu, Zhongshang Yuan, Jiadong Ji, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Hongkai Li, Xuesen Wu, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. A powerful score-based test statistic for detecting gene-gene co-association. BMC Genetics. 2016; 17 (1):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Xu; Zhongshang Yuan; Jiadong Ji; Xiaoshuai Zhang; Hongkai Li; Xuesen Wu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2016. "A powerful score-based test statistic for detecting gene-gene co-association." BMC Genetics 17, no. 1: 31.
This study aimed to estimate the adverse events (AE) rate during anti-tuberculosis treatment and to explore AE-related risk factors. New and previously treated smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases were enrolled from eight regions in China between April 2009 and October 2010. The AE rate was estimated, and AE risk factors during anti-TB treatment were assessed using Cox proportional models. Among 2091 Chinese subjects with anti-TB treatment, 462 (22.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 20.3–23.9) patients developed AE, with liver injury and gastrointestinal reactions constituting the most common AE. Specifically, 9.8% (95% CI, 8.5–11.1) and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.3–7.4) developed liver injuries and gastrointestinal reactions, respectively. We found that AE rate differed by regions, TB knowledge score, symptoms score and smoking status. Liver injuries were associated with age, sex and smoking status; gastrointestinal reactions were associated with education level and symptom score. Improving patients’ knowledge on TB could reduce AE rate.
Tao Zhang; Jian Du; Xiaoyan Yin; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu; Runzi Li; Cheng Luo; Liang Li; Xiujun Li. Adverse Events in Treating Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Patients in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, 13, 86 .
AMA StyleTao Zhang, Jian Du, Xiaoyan Yin, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu, Runzi Li, Cheng Luo, Liang Li, Xiujun Li. Adverse Events in Treating Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Patients in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 13 (1):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Zhang; Jian Du; Xiaoyan Yin; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu; Runzi Li; Cheng Luo; Liang Li; Xiujun Li. 2015. "Adverse Events in Treating Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Patients in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 1: 86.
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has been a substantial burden throughout the Asia-Pacific countries over the past decades. For the purposes of disease prevention and climate change health impact assessment, it is important to understand the temperature–disease association for HFMD in different geographical locations. This study aims to assess the impact of temperature on HFMD incidence in an inland city and a coastal city and investigate the heterogeneity of temperature–disease associations. Daily morbidity data and meteorological variables of the study areas were collected for the period from 2007 to 2012. A total of 108,377 HFMD cases were included in this study. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with Poisson distribution was used to examine the nonlinear lagged effects of daily mean temperature on HFMD incidence. After controlling potential confounders, temperature showed significant association with HFMD incidence and the two cities demonstrated different impact modes ( I2= 96.1%; p < 0.01). The results highlight the effect of temperature on HFMD incidence and the impact pattern may be modified by geographical localities. Our findings can be a practical reference for the early warning and intervention strategies of HFMD.
Lin Zhu; Zhongshang Yuan; Xianjun Wang; Jie Li; Lu Wang; Yunxia Liu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. The Impact of Ambient Temperature on Childhood HFMD Incidence in Inland and Coastal Area: A Two-City Study in Shandong Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, 12, 8691 -8704.
AMA StyleLin Zhu, Zhongshang Yuan, Xianjun Wang, Jie Li, Lu Wang, Yunxia Liu, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. The Impact of Ambient Temperature on Childhood HFMD Incidence in Inland and Coastal Area: A Two-City Study in Shandong Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12 (8):8691-8704.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin Zhu; Zhongshang Yuan; Xianjun Wang; Jie Li; Lu Wang; Yunxia Liu; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2015. "The Impact of Ambient Temperature on Childhood HFMD Incidence in Inland and Coastal Area: A Two-City Study in Shandong Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 8: 8691-8704.
The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between meteorological factors and the occurrence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among children in Shandong Province, China, at a county level, using spatial panel data models.Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the epidemic characteristics of HFMD from January 2008 to December 2012, and then a global autocorrelation statistic (Moran's I) was used to detect the spatial autocorrelation of HFMD in each year. Finally, spatial panel data models were performed to explore the association between the incidence of HFMD and meteorological factors.Moran's I at the county level were high, from 0.30 to 0.45 (p < 0.001), indicating the existence of a high spatial autocorrelation on HFMD. Spatial panel data models are more appropriate to describe the data. Results showed that the incidences of HFMD in Shandong Province, China were significantly associated with average temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and wind speed.Spatial panel data models are useful when longitudinal data with multiple units are available and spatial autocorrelation exists. The association found between HFMD and meteorological factors makes a contribution towards advancing knowledge with respect to the causality of HFMD and has policy implications for HFMD prevention and control.
Hao Wang; Zhaohui Du; Xianjun Wang; Yunxia Liu; Zhongshang Yuan; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. Detecting the association between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease using spatial panel data models. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2015, 34, 66 -70.
AMA StyleHao Wang, Zhaohui Du, Xianjun Wang, Yunxia Liu, Zhongshang Yuan, Yanxun Liu, Fuzhong Xue. Detecting the association between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease using spatial panel data models. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2015; 34 ():66-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Wang; Zhaohui Du; Xianjun Wang; Yunxia Liu; Zhongshang Yuan; Yanxun Liu; Fuzhong Xue. 2015. "Detecting the association between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease using spatial panel data models." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 34, no. : 66-70.
Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary diseases, it might not be only related to the amount of body fat but its distribution. The single body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) or waist to stature ratio (WSR) provides limited information on fat distribution, and the debate about which one is the best remained. On the other hand, the current classification of body shape is qualitative rather than quantitative, and only crudely measure fat distribution. Therefore, a synthetical index is highly desirable to quantify body shape. Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, using Lohmäller PLSPM algorithm, six Partial Least Squares Path Models (PLSPMs) between the different obesity measurements and hypertension as well as two synthetical body shape scores (BSS1 by BMI/WC/Hip circumference, BSS2 by BMI/WC/WHR/WSR) were created. Simulation and real data analysis were conducted to assess their performance. Statistical simulation showed the proposed model was stable and powerful. Totally 15,172 (6,939 male and 8,233 female) participants aged from 18 to 87 years old were included. It indicated that age, height, weight, WC, WHR, WSR, SBP, DBP, the prevalence of hypertension and obesity were significantly sex-different. BMI, WC, WHR, WSR, Hip, BSS1 and BSS2 between hypertension and normotensive group are significantly different (p < 0.05). PLSPM method illustrated the biggest path coefficients (95% confidence interval, CI) were 0.220(0.196, 0.244) for male and 0.205(0.182, 0.228) for female in model of BSS1. The area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC(95% CI)) of BSS1(0.839(0.831,0.847)) was significantly larger than that of BSS2(0.834(0.825,0.842)) as well as the four single indices for female, and similar trend can be found for male. BSS1 was an excellent measurement for quantifying body shape and detecting the association between body shape and hypertension.
Shukang Wang; Yanxun Liu; Fangyu Li; Hongying Jia; Longjian Liu; Fuzhong Xue. A novel quantitative body shape score for detecting association between obesity and hypertension in China. BMC Public Health 2015, 15, 7 .
AMA StyleShukang Wang, Yanxun Liu, Fangyu Li, Hongying Jia, Longjian Liu, Fuzhong Xue. A novel quantitative body shape score for detecting association between obesity and hypertension in China. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShukang Wang; Yanxun Liu; Fangyu Li; Hongying Jia; Longjian Liu; Fuzhong Xue. 2015. "A novel quantitative body shape score for detecting association between obesity and hypertension in China." BMC Public Health 15, no. 1: 7.
Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for gallstones remains uncertain. Few longitudinal or cohort studies have been used to identify this relationship. The aim of this study was to confirm the association between NAFLD and gallstones in a longitudinal cohort of urban dwellers in China. To elucidate the association between NAFLD and gallstones, we fitted a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model in a large-scale longitudinal cohort over 6 years, which included 11,200 participants with at least three regular health check-ups. A total of 498 cases of gallstones occurred during the 6-year follow-up, which resulted in a total incidence density of 12.73 per 1000 person-years (498/39, 135.5 person-years). The GEE analyses confirmed and clarified the association between NAFLD and gallstones (relative risk (RR) = 1.2381, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.003–1.528, P = 0.047) after adjusting for other potential confounding factors, especially in females (RR = 1.707, 95% CI = 1.245–2.341, P = 0.001). NAFLD is associated with gallstones in an urban Chinese population from the middle to upper socioeconomic strata. Moreover, this association is more strongly apparent in females than in males. Further cohort studies must be conducted to confirm this association in the general population.
Jia Liu; Haiyan Lin; Chengqi Zhang; Lu Wang; Shuo Wu; Dongzhi Zhang; Fang Tang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with gallstones in females rather than males: a longitudinal cohort study in Chinese urban population. BMC Gastroenterology 2014, 14, 1 -7.
AMA StyleJia Liu, Haiyan Lin, Chengqi Zhang, Lu Wang, Shuo Wu, Dongzhi Zhang, Fang Tang, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with gallstones in females rather than males: a longitudinal cohort study in Chinese urban population. BMC Gastroenterology. 2014; 14 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia Liu; Haiyan Lin; Chengqi Zhang; Lu Wang; Shuo Wu; Dongzhi Zhang; Fang Tang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2014. "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with gallstones in females rather than males: a longitudinal cohort study in Chinese urban population." BMC Gastroenterology 14, no. 1: 1-7.
Smoking prevalence is high in China and even higher among rural residents. The aims of this study were: 1) to gain insights into the motivations of tobacco use and barriers to smoking cessation among rural village residents; 2) to understand the current tobacco control measures in the rural villages and barriers encountered or perceived for implementation. Qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were conducted of 59 rural villagers including 37 village residents, 10 village leaders and 12 village doctors in three counties in Shandong Province, China. Smoking initiation was most often out of curiosity when seeing others smoke, but pressure from cigarette sharing and gifting custom was the major barrier to smoking cessation. The most important reason for quitting successfully was a detrimental health problem. Although many attempted to quit at the advice of other family members, relapses were common and few were able to quit completely and for long-term unless accompanied by significant health issues. Although doctor’s advice to quit is effective, many doctors do not offer advice to all patients. There is a lack of true understanding of the harm of smoking and second-hand smoking among the villagers and a lack of access to and knowledge of effective smoking cessation tools among both smokers and village doctors. Tobacco control activities at villages were rare and infrequent. This study highlighted the need to develop tobacco control measures that reflect the unique culture in rural China. Smoking cessation measures are not likely to achieve large scale effect unless the prevailing cigarette sharing and gifting custom is drastically changed. More educations of the hazards of smoking and second-hand smoking to village residents and educations of effective smoking cessation treatment to both village residents and healthcare providers are needed.
Jian Wang; Chenghui Li; Chongqi Jia; Yanxun Liu; Junjie Liu; Xiaona Yan; Yufeng Fang. Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province. BMC Public Health 2014, 14, 916 .
AMA StyleJian Wang, Chenghui Li, Chongqi Jia, Yanxun Liu, Junjie Liu, Xiaona Yan, Yufeng Fang. Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14 (1):916.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Wang; Chenghui Li; Chongqi Jia; Yanxun Liu; Junjie Liu; Xiaona Yan; Yufeng Fang. 2014. "Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province." BMC Public Health 14, no. 1: 916.
SummaryBackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus. The spatial distribution has continued to expand, while the areas at potential high risk of SFTS have, to date, remained unclear.MethodsUsing ecological factors as predictors, the MaxEnt model was first trained based on the locations of human SFTS occurrence in Shandong Province. The risk prediction map of China was then created by projecting the training model onto the whole country. The performance of the model was assessed using the known locations of disease occurrence in China.ResultsThe key environmental factors affecting SFTS occurrence were temperature, precipitation, land cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and duration of sunshine. The risk prediction maps suggested that central, southwestern, northeastern, and the eastern coast of China are potential areas at high risk of SFTS.ConclusionsThe potential high risk SFTS areas are distributed widely in China. The epidemiological surveillance system should be enhanced in these high risk regions
Zhaohui Du; Zhiqiang Wang; Yunxia Liu; Hao Wang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. Ecological niche modeling for predicting the potential risk areas of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014, 26, 1 -8.
AMA StyleZhaohui Du, Zhiqiang Wang, Yunxia Liu, Hao Wang, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. Ecological niche modeling for predicting the potential risk areas of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014; 26 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaohui Du; Zhiqiang Wang; Yunxia Liu; Hao Wang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2014. "Ecological niche modeling for predicting the potential risk areas of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 26, no. : 1-8.
Although various cross-sectional studies have shown that erythrocyte parameters, including red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT), were linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS), few longitudinal studies have been used to confirm their relationship. The study, therefore, constructed a large-scale longitudinal cohort in urban Chinese population to highlight and confirm the association between erythrocyte parameters and MetS/its components.
Shuo Wu; Haiyan Lin; Chengqi Zhang; Qian Zhang; Dongzhi Zhang; Yongyuan Zhang; Wenjia Meng; Zhenxin Zhu; Fang Tang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. Association between erythrocyte parameters and metabolic syndrome in urban Han Chinese: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2013, 13, 989 -989.
AMA StyleShuo Wu, Haiyan Lin, Chengqi Zhang, Qian Zhang, Dongzhi Zhang, Yongyuan Zhang, Wenjia Meng, Zhenxin Zhu, Fang Tang, Fuzhong Xue, Yanxun Liu. Association between erythrocyte parameters and metabolic syndrome in urban Han Chinese: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13 (1):989-989.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuo Wu; Haiyan Lin; Chengqi Zhang; Qian Zhang; Dongzhi Zhang; Yongyuan Zhang; Wenjia Meng; Zhenxin Zhu; Fang Tang; Fuzhong Xue; Yanxun Liu. 2013. "Association between erythrocyte parameters and metabolic syndrome in urban Han Chinese: a longitudinal cohort study." BMC Public Health 13, no. 1: 989-989.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major public health problem caused by various factors. It is essential to systematically investigate the epidemiological and, in particular, the ecological factors of DR-TB for its prevention and control. Studies of the ecological factors can provide information on etiology, and assist in the effective prevention and control of disease. So it is of great significance for public health to explore the ecological factors of DR-TB, which can provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies.
Yunxia Liu; Shiwen Jiang; Yanxun Liu; Rui Wang; Xiao Li; Zhongshang Yuan; Lixia Wang; Fuzhong Xue. Spatial epidemiology and spatial ecology study of worldwide drug-resistant tuberculosis. International Journal of Health Geographics 2011, 10, 50 -50.
AMA StyleYunxia Liu, Shiwen Jiang, Yanxun Liu, Rui Wang, Xiao Li, Zhongshang Yuan, Lixia Wang, Fuzhong Xue. Spatial epidemiology and spatial ecology study of worldwide drug-resistant tuberculosis. International Journal of Health Geographics. 2011; 10 (1):50-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunxia Liu; Shiwen Jiang; Yanxun Liu; Rui Wang; Xiao Li; Zhongshang Yuan; Lixia Wang; Fuzhong Xue. 2011. "Spatial epidemiology and spatial ecology study of worldwide drug-resistant tuberculosis." International Journal of Health Geographics 10, no. 1: 50-50.