Laser-processing technology has been widely used in the ultra-precision machining of diamond materials. It has the advantages of high precision and high efficiency, especially in the field of super-hard materials and high-precision parts manufacturing. This paper explains the fundamental principles of diamond laser processing, introduces the interaction mechanisms between various types of lasers and diamond materials, focuses on analyzing the current development status of various modes of laser processing of diamond, briefly discusses the relevant applications in diamond cutting, micro-hole forming, and micro-groove machining, etc., and finally discusses the issues, challenges, and potential future advancements of laser technology in the field of diamond processing at this point.

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have been proven to be effective for improving the performance of recommender systems. KGs can store rich side information and relieve the data sparsity problem. There are many linked attributes between entity pairs (e.g., items and users) in KGs, which can be called multiple-step relation paths. Existing methods do not sufficiently exploit the information encoded in KGs. In this paper, we propose MRP2Rec to explore various semantic relations in multiple-step relation paths to improve recommendation performance. The knowledge representation learning approach is used in our method to learn and represent multiple-step relation paths, and they are further utilized to generate prediction lists by inner products in top-K recommendations. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves higher performance compared with many state-of-the-art baselines.

Micro-optics based on the artificial adjustment of physical dimensions, such as the phase, polarization, and wavelength of light, constitute the basis of contemporary information optoelectronic technology. As the main means of optical integration, it has become one of the important ways to break through the future bottleneck of microelectronic technology. Geometric phase optical components can precisely control the polarization, phase, amplitude and other properties of the light field at the sub-wavelength scale by periodically arranging nanometer-sized unit structures. It has received extensive attention in the fields of holographic imaging and polarization optics. This paper reviews the physical mechanism of micro-nano structure modification, research progress of femtosecond laser direct-writing photoresist, femtosecond laser ablation of metal thin films, femtosecond laser-induced nanograting, and other methods for preparing polarization converters and geometric phase optics. The challenges of fabricating ultrafast optical devices using femtosecond laser technology are discussed.

The nanoresolution of geometric phase elements for visible wavelengths calls for a flexible technology with high throughout and free from vacuum. In this article, we propose a high-efficiency and simple manufacturing method for the fabrication of geometric phase elements with femtosecond–laser direct writing (FsLDW) and thermal annealing by combining the advantages of high-efficiency processing and thermal smoothing effect. By using a femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 343 nm and a circular polarization, free-form nanogratings with a period of 300 nm and 170-nm-wide grooves were obtained in 50 s by laser direct ablation at a speed of 5 mm/s in a non-vacuum environment. After fine-tuning through a hot-annealing process, the surface morphology of the geometric phase element was clearly improved. With this technology, we fabricated blazed gratings, metasurface lens, vortex Q-plates and “M” holograms and confirmed the design performance by analyzing their phases at the wavelength of 808 nm. The efficiency and capabilities of our proposed method can pave the possible way to fabricate geometric phase elements with essentially low loss, high-temperature resistance, high phase gradients and novel polarization functionality for potentially wide applications.

Functional and safety requirements for medical devices are increasing with the continuous advancement of medical technology. To improve the therapeutic effect and safety of medical devices and patients, researchers are constantly exploring new materials and processes. Among them, the preparation of functional surfaces has become an important means to improve the performance of medical devices. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of recent advancements in laser processing technologies for the fabrication of functional surfaces in medical devices. Leveraging the unique capabilities of laser-based techniques to precisely tailor micro- and nanoscale surface structures, these methods have demonstrated remarkable potential in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility, and overall safety of medical implants and surgical instruments. Such innovations are paving the way for the development of next-generation medical devices with multifunctional surface properties, meeting the increasing demands of modern clinical applications. The review focuses on the key applications, including cell function regulation, antibacterial properties, corrosion resistance, friction characteristics, and anti-adhesion properties. It also explores the considerable potential of laser processing technology, while addressing the challenges associated with multifunctional surface design and material selection. Looking ahead, the paper discusses future directions for the application of laser processing in novel materials and complex biomimetic structures.