This study evaluated the effect of chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (75–85%) and three different molecular weights—low (50–190 kDa), medium (190–310 kDa), and high (310–375 kDa)—on the coating of vesicular systems. Chitosan solutions were characterized in acidulated aqueous medium by determining changes in pH, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, surface tension, viscosity, transmittance, particle size, and polydispersity index (PDI) with respect to polymer concentration. Subsequently, nanoliposomes were developed using an ethanol injection method assisted by ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) prior to coating. The characterization of the vesicular systems involved particle size analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential, which were evaluated at zero time and at the fourth week prior to storage at 4 °C and 40 °C. The physicochemical characterization of chitosan solutions displayed an inflection point at 1 × 10⁻³ M, which was taken as the coating concentration. In general, non-coated liposomes ranged between 150 and 200 nm, with low polydispersity (<0.3) and negative zeta potentials around ~−43 mV. Chitosan coating significantly increased particle size and PDI, while decreasing zeta potential values, but within the same negative value range, suggesting a slight interfacial coating effect. Finally, the systems subjected to UHPH and coated with high- and medium-molecular-weight chitosan showed interesting stabilization against storage conditions in the thermal stress tests.

Polyphenolic antioxidants are incorporated into pharmaceutical, dermopharmaceutical, and cosmetic products because of their capacity to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, microbial imbalance, skin aging, wound repair, and tumor-related processes. However, formulation is constrained by chemical instability, limited bioavailability, insufficient skin permeation, and degradation during processing or storage. This review integrates the chemical characteristics, natural sources, extraction approaches, antioxidant mechanisms, and evaluation of curcumin and chlorogenic acid, and critically examines their delivery through liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes. Curcumin is lipophilic and poorly water-soluble, whereas chlorogenic acid is hydrophilic but permeability-limited. Their antioxidant activity is discussed through hydrogen atom transfer, single-electron transfer, interruption of lipid peroxidation, metal chelation, and localization within lipid interfaces, together with chemical, biomimetic, and cellular assessment methods. Vesicular carriers can improve encapsulation, stability, release control, skin interaction, biological performance, and incorporation into semisolid dosage forms. However, these benefits are accompanied by formulation-dependent trade-offs involving manufacturing complexity and cost, long-term stability and reproducibility, excipient-related skin tolerability, scale-up, and an application scope that depends on the intended dermal-delivery endpoint. Therefore, efficacy depends on the interplay among antioxidant properties, vesicle architecture, excipient selection, and processing conditions. Curcumin-loaded vesicles are better documented than chlorogenic-acid-loaded systems, particularly for deformable carriers. Future progress requires quality-by-design strategies, standardized characterization, predictive skin models, long-term stability and safety studies, and scalable manufacturing. Overall, antioxidant-loaded vesicles represent multifunctional platforms for developing stable and effective pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.