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Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira. Coordinator and Researcher of ISOPlexis, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology
The use of plant elicitors for controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the etiological agent of the kiwifruit bacterial canker (KBC), has been analysed in the past and, while salicylic acid (SA) seems to decrease disease susceptibility, methyl jasmonate (MJ) shows an opposite effect. However, the metabolic and genomic responses of Psa-infected plants following elicitation with these two compounds, as compared with non-elicited Psa-inoculated plants, are poorly understood, being the focus of this study. Micropropagated A. chinensis ‘Hayward’ plants were elicited with MJ or SA, and further inoculated with Psa. Fifteen days post-inoculation, Psa population in MJ-treated plants was increased by 7.4-fold, whereas SA elicitation led to decreased Psa colonization (0.5-fold), as compared with non-elicited inoculated plants. Additionally, elicitation with MJ or SA generally decreased polyphenols and lignin concentrations (by at least 20%) and increased total proteins (by at least 50%). MJ led to the upregulation of SOD, involved in plant antioxidant system, and reporter genes for the jasmonic acid (JA) (JIH and LOX1), abscisic acid (SnRK), SA (ICS1), and ethylene (ACAS1, ETR1 and SAM) pathways. Moreover, it increased ABA (40%) and decreased carotenoids (30%) concentrations. Contrastingly, comparing with non-elicited Psa-inoculated plants, SA application resulted in the downregulation of antioxidant system-related genes (SOD and APX) and of reporter genes for ethylene (ETR1) and JA (JIH and ETR1). This study contributes to the understanding of potential mechanisms involved in kiwifruit plant defences against Psa, highlighting the role of the JA, ABA and ethylene in plant susceptibility to the pathogen.
M. Nunes da Silva; M.W. Vasconcelos; V. Pinto; G.M. Balestra; A. Mazzaglia; A. Gomez-Cadenas; S.M.P. Carvalho. Role of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in kiwifruit plants further subjected to Psa infection: biochemical and genetic responses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 162, 258 -266.
AMA StyleM. Nunes da Silva, M.W. Vasconcelos, V. Pinto, G.M. Balestra, A. Mazzaglia, A. Gomez-Cadenas, S.M.P. Carvalho. Role of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in kiwifruit plants further subjected to Psa infection: biochemical and genetic responses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 162 ():258-266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Nunes da Silva; M.W. Vasconcelos; V. Pinto; G.M. Balestra; A. Mazzaglia; A. Gomez-Cadenas; S.M.P. Carvalho. 2021. "Role of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in kiwifruit plants further subjected to Psa infection: biochemical and genetic responses." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 162, no. : 258-266.
Overexploitation of resources makes the reutilization of waste a focal topic of modern society, and the question of the kind of wastes that can be used is continuously raised. Sewage sludge (SS) is derived from the wastewater treatment plants, considered important underused biomass, and can be used as a biofertilizer when properly stabilized due to the high content of inorganic matter, nitrate, and phosphorus. However, a wide range of pollutants can be present in these biosolids, limiting or prohibiting their use as biofertilizer, depending on the type and origin of industrial waste and household products. Long-term applications of these biosolids could substantially increase the concentration of contaminants, causing detrimental effects on the environment and induce hyperaccumulation or phytotoxicity in the produced crops. In this work, some critical parameters for soils and SS agronomic use, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), and heavy metals concentration have been reviewed. Several cases of food crop production and the accumulation of heavy metals after SS application are also discussed. SS production, usage, and legislation in EU are assessed to determine the possibility of sustainable management of this bioresource. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines are addressed. The opportunity to produce bioenergy crops, employing sewage sludge to enhance degraded land, is also considered, due to energy security. Although there are numerous advantages of sewage sludge, proper screening for heavy metals in all the variants (biosolids, soil, food products) is a must. SS application requires appropriate strict guidelines with appropriate regulatory oversight to control contamination of agricultural soils.
Nuno Nunes; Carla Ragonezi; Carla Gouveia; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2317 .
AMA StyleNuno Nunes, Carla Ragonezi, Carla Gouveia, Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Nunes; Carla Ragonezi; Carla Gouveia; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2021. "Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2317.
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) are important food crops worldwide, whose productivity is threatened by climatic constraints, namely drought. Data calibration, validation, and model development of high-precision near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) involving multivariate analyses are needed for the fast prediction of the quality of tubers and shoots impacted by drought stress. The main objective of this study was to generate accurate NIRS models for quality assessment of taro and sweet potato accessions (acc.) subjected to water scarcity conditions. Seven taro and eight sweet potato acc. from diverse geographical origins were evaluated for nitrogen (N), protein (Pt), starch (St), total mineral (M), calcium oxalate (CaOx), carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C), and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N). Models were developed separately for both crops underground and aboveground organs. N, Pt, St, and M models could be used as quality control constituents, with a determination coefficient of prediction (r2pred) between 0.856 and 0.995. δ13C, δ15N, and CaOx, with r2pred between 0.178 and 0.788, could be used as an informative germplasm screening tool. The approach used in the present study demonstrates NIRS’s potential for further research on crop quality under drought.
Carla S. S. Gouveia; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Pinheiro De Carvalho. NIRS Estimation of Drought Stress on Chemical Quality Constituents of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Flours. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8724 .
AMA StyleCarla S. S. Gouveia, Vincent Lebot, Miguel Pinheiro De Carvalho. NIRS Estimation of Drought Stress on Chemical Quality Constituents of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Flours. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla S. S. Gouveia; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Pinheiro De Carvalho. 2020. "NIRS Estimation of Drought Stress on Chemical Quality Constituents of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Flours." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8724.
Iron deficiency results in severe yield losses, particularly in calcareous soils. Recent evidences suggest that biofertilizers with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may be an efficient strategy for enhancing iron (Fe) nutrition in legumes. This work aimed at evaluating the capacity of PGPR strains to enhance Fe uptake-related processes in soybean grown in calcareous soil. From the studied 24 PGPR, Sphingobium fuliginis ZR 1–6 and Pseudomonas jessenni ZR 3–8 strains were selected for the inoculation experiment based on their in vitro ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, siderophores, and organic acids, to tolerate high pH, and to reduce Fe3+. The effect of bacterial inoculation on improving Fe uptake was tested using each isolate alone or combined and through the evaluation of several morphological, physiological, and molecular parameters. Inoculation with S. fuliginis showed beneficial effects particularly at the root level by the improvement of ferric chelate activity (111%) and FRO2 expression (646%), resulting in increased Fe root content (62%). Inoculation with P. jessenii increased Zn and Mn concentrations in the trifoliates (463% and 51%, respectively), decreased Zn concentration in the roots (88%), and increased the expression of FER4 in the trifoliates (5260%). Combined inoculation of both strains fostered Fe accumulation in the trifoliates and increased the expression of IRT1 and FER4 genes, indicating an improved capacity of Fe translocation to the shoots. These results suggest that inoculation with selected PGPR strains could be effective in improving Fe uptake and accumulation in soybean grown under Fe-deficient conditions.
Mariana Roriz; Sofia I.A. Pereira; Paula M.L. Castro; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Marta W. Vasconcelos. Iron metabolism in soybean grown in calcareous soil is influenced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria – A functional analysis. Rhizosphere 2020, 17, 100274 .
AMA StyleMariana Roriz, Sofia I.A. Pereira, Paula M.L. Castro, Susana M.P. Carvalho, Marta W. Vasconcelos. Iron metabolism in soybean grown in calcareous soil is influenced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria – A functional analysis. Rhizosphere. 2020; 17 ():100274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariana Roriz; Sofia I.A. Pereira; Paula M.L. Castro; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Marta W. Vasconcelos. 2020. "Iron metabolism in soybean grown in calcareous soil is influenced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria – A functional analysis." Rhizosphere 17, no. : 100274.
Seaweed beach-casts are a seasonal phenomenon that regularly deposits tons of algae biomass on beaches, which are usually disposed of in landfills. The present work aimed to contribute to the valorization of this biomass by studying bioactivities that reveal its potential in the pharmaceutical and/or cosmeceutical industries. Methanol and ethanol extracts and fractions from 15 beach-casts biomass were tested for a range of bioactivities. Eight of the most active samples exhibit IC50 values between 11.38 µg/mL and 19.28 µg/mL and selectivity indexes higher than 3.8, against NCI-H1299 (lung cancer) and T47D (breast cancer). Concerning antiaging potential, all the extracts tested presented UV protection, with SPF values above 30, like the standard sunscreen. Regarding aging-related enzymes, 24 samples were tyrosinase inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values from 9.01 µg/mL to 200.09 µg/mL. Eight extracts inhibited collagenase (IC50 < 248.76 µg/mL), two of them more actively than positive control EDTA (IC50 = 59.26 µg/mL). In addition to UV protection, the cumulative effect of antityrosinase and anticollagenase activities shown by the samples suggest that they may play a significant role in preventing skin photoaging. The results obtained demonstrate the high potential of beach-cast seaweed biomass as sources of cosmetic bioproducts with antiaging effects, and of selective cytotoxic metabolites.
Rafael Zárate; Eduardo Portillo; Sílvia Teixidó; Miguel A. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho; Nuno Nunes; Sónia Ferraz; Ana M. L. Seca; Gonçalo P. Rosa; Maria Carmo Barreto. Pharmacological and Cosmeceutical Potential of Seaweed Beach-Casts of Macaronesia. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5831 .
AMA StyleRafael Zárate, Eduardo Portillo, Sílvia Teixidó, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho, Nuno Nunes, Sónia Ferraz, Ana M. L. Seca, Gonçalo P. Rosa, Maria Carmo Barreto. Pharmacological and Cosmeceutical Potential of Seaweed Beach-Casts of Macaronesia. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):5831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Zárate; Eduardo Portillo; Sílvia Teixidó; Miguel A. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho; Nuno Nunes; Sónia Ferraz; Ana M. L. Seca; Gonçalo P. Rosa; Maria Carmo Barreto. 2020. "Pharmacological and Cosmeceutical Potential of Seaweed Beach-Casts of Macaronesia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5831.
Actinidia chinensis and A. arguta have distinct tolerances to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), but the reasons underlying the inter-specific variation remain unclear. This study aimed to integrate the metabolic and molecular responses of these two kiwifruit species against the highly pathogenic Psa and the less pathogenic P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) bacterial strains. Disease development was monitored weekly till 21 days post inoculation (dpi), analysing a broad number and variety of parameters including: colony forming units (CFU), foliar symptoms, total chlorophylls, lipid peroxidation, soluble polyphenols, lignin and defense-related gene expression. At the end of the experimental period A. chinensis inoculated with Psa presented the highest endophytic bacterial population, whereas A. arguta inoculated with Pfm showed the lowest values, also resulting in a lower extent of leaf symptoms. Metabolic responses to infection were also more pronounced in A. chinensis with decreased total chlorophylls (up to 55%) and increased lipid peroxidation (up to 53%), compared with non-inoculated plants. Moreover, at 14 dpi soluble polyphenols and lignin concentrations were significantly higher (112 and 26%, respectively) in Psa-inoculated plants than in controls, while in A. arguta no significant changes were observed in those metabolic responses, except for lignin concentration which was, in general, significantly higher in Psa-inoculated plants (by at least 22%), comparing with control and Pfm-inoculated plants. Genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX and CAT) were upregulated at an earlier stage in Psa-inoculated A. arguta than in A. chinensis. In contrast, genes related with phenylpropanoids (LOX1) and ethylene (SAM) pathways were downregulated in A. arguta, but upregulated in A. chinensis in the later phases of infection. Expression of Pto3, responsible for pathogen recognition, occurred 2 dpi in A. arguta, but only 14 dpi in A. chinensis. In conclusion, we found that A. arguta is more tolerant to Psa and Pfm infection than A. chinensis and its primary and secondary metabolism is less impacted. A. arguta higher tolerance seems to be related with early pathogen recognition, the activation of plant antioxidant system, and to the suppression of ET and JA pathways from an earlier moment after infection.
M. Nunes Da Silva; M. W. Vasconcelos; M. Gaspar; G. M. Balestra; A. Mazzaglia; Susana M. P. Carvalho. Early Pathogen Recognition and Antioxidant System Activation Contributes to Actinidia arguta Tolerance Against Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars actinidiae and actinidifoliorum. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1022 .
AMA StyleM. Nunes Da Silva, M. W. Vasconcelos, M. Gaspar, G. M. Balestra, A. Mazzaglia, Susana M. P. Carvalho. Early Pathogen Recognition and Antioxidant System Activation Contributes to Actinidia arguta Tolerance Against Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars actinidiae and actinidifoliorum. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Nunes Da Silva; M. W. Vasconcelos; M. Gaspar; G. M. Balestra; A. Mazzaglia; Susana M. P. Carvalho. 2020. "Early Pathogen Recognition and Antioxidant System Activation Contributes to Actinidia arguta Tolerance Against Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars actinidiae and actinidifoliorum." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1022.
Fifteen attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago, comprising three green, three red and nine brown algal species, as well as two beach-cast macroalgal samples, collected along the north shore of Gran Canaria, were assessed for their biochemical properties. The analysis included the determination of total minerals, total carbohydrates, protein, lipids, chlorophylla, total carotenoids, total phenolic content, fucoxanthin and phycobilins (allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). The results showed a high variability of biochemical composition, allowing for the targetting of specific bioresources for particular purposes, including functional foods. This work provides the foundation for a biorefinery strategy implementation plan, for which specific macroalgae may be targeted for valuable and beneficial compounds.
Nuno Nunes; Sofia Valente; Sónia Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Biochemical study of attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago and beach-cast macroalgae from the Canary Islands: multivariate analysis to determine bioresource potential. Botanica Marina 2020, 63, 283 -298.
AMA StyleNuno Nunes, Sofia Valente, Sónia Ferraz, Maria Do Carmo Barreto, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Biochemical study of attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago and beach-cast macroalgae from the Canary Islands: multivariate analysis to determine bioresource potential. Botanica Marina. 2020; 63 (3):283-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Nunes; Sofia Valente; Sónia Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2020. "Biochemical study of attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago and beach-cast macroalgae from the Canary Islands: multivariate analysis to determine bioresource potential." Botanica Marina 63, no. 3: 283-298.
The continuous increase of the human population worldwide has led to an increase of pharmaceuticals’ consumption, such as diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), that is not removed by wastewater treatment processes. Although there is some research regarding the effects of DCF on animals and aquatic invertebrates, information concerning its influence on plants’ metabolism is still scarce. Through an integrated approach, using combined biochemical and molecular biology techniques, this work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of DCF in Solanum lycopersicum L., focusing on the primary plant processes: nitrogen (N) assimilation and photosynthesis. The exposure of tomato plants to increasing concentrations of DCF (0, 0.5, and 5 mg L−1) revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS) was differentially affected, in an organ-dependent manner, by this contaminant at the gene expression, protein, and activity levels, with an increased activity of 0.2-fold in shoots of plants treated with the lowest concentration of DCF although a general decrease was registered for the SlGS gene family expression, revealing that post-translational regulation was in order, since GS2 polypeptide content did not change. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was generally enhanced, accompanied by increases of 0.4- to 1.9-fold in proline levels, revealing GDH as an important compensatory route for both N assimilation and proline production under stressful conditions. No alterations in most photosynthetic endpoints were noticed after DCF treatments, but small decreases of 0.1- to 0.8-fold in the accumulation of RuBisCO-encoding transcripts were observed, along with a reduction in starch content. Some alterations in the soluble polypeptide profile were also detected in response to DCF, evidencing the participation of some stress-related proteins in the plant’s response to DCF.
Maria Martins; Bruno Sousa; Jorge Lopes; Cristiano Soares; Joana Machado; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Fernanda Fidalgo; Jorge Teixeira. Diclofenac shifts the role of root glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase for maintaining nitrogen assimilation and proline production at the expense of shoot carbon reserves in Solanum lycopersicum L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 29130 -29142.
AMA StyleMaria Martins, Bruno Sousa, Jorge Lopes, Cristiano Soares, Joana Machado, Susana M.P. Carvalho, Fernanda Fidalgo, Jorge Teixeira. Diclofenac shifts the role of root glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase for maintaining nitrogen assimilation and proline production at the expense of shoot carbon reserves in Solanum lycopersicum L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (23):29130-29142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Martins; Bruno Sousa; Jorge Lopes; Cristiano Soares; Joana Machado; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Fernanda Fidalgo; Jorge Teixeira. 2020. "Diclofenac shifts the role of root glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase for maintaining nitrogen assimilation and proline production at the expense of shoot carbon reserves in Solanum lycopersicum L." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 23: 29130-29142.
World population growth, together with climate changes and increased hidden hunger, bring an urgent need for finding sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural approaches to improve crop yield and nutritional value. The existing methodologies for enhancing the concentration of bioavailable micronutrients in edible crop tissues (i.e., biofortification), including some agronomic strategies, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering, have not always been successful. In recent years, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been suggested as a promising approach for the biofortification of important crops, including legumes. Legumes have many beneficial health effects, namely, improved immunological, metabolic and hormonal regulation, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, and decreased risk of cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases. These crops also play a key role in the environment through symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, reducing the need for N fertilizers, reducing CO2 emissions, improving soil composition, and increasing plant resistance to pests and diseases. PGPB act by a series of direct and indirect mechanisms to potentially improve crop yields and nutrition. This review will focus on the: (i) importance of legumes in the accomplishment of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for production systems; (ii) understanding the role of PGPB in plant nutrition; (iii) iron biofortification of legumes with PGPB, which is an interesting case study of a green technology for sustainable plant-food production improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Mariana Roriz; Susana M. P. Carvalho; Paula M. L. Castro; Marta W. Vasconcelos. Legume Biofortification and the Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in a Sustainable Agricultural Era. Agronomy 2020, 10, 435 .
AMA StyleMariana Roriz, Susana M. P. Carvalho, Paula M. L. Castro, Marta W. Vasconcelos. Legume Biofortification and the Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in a Sustainable Agricultural Era. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariana Roriz; Susana M. P. Carvalho; Paula M. L. Castro; Marta W. Vasconcelos. 2020. "Legume Biofortification and the Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in a Sustainable Agricultural Era." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 435.
A cultura da vinha possuiu uma elevada importância na produção de vinhos de qualidade na Ilha da Madeira. No entanto para que a produção da cultura venha a produzir de maneira mais satisfatória é extremamente necessário o conhecimento dos locais mais propícios para o desenvolvimento da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um Zoneamento Agroclimático para a cultura da videira na Ilha da Madeira, visando fornecer dados para a tomada de decisão de produtores e técnicos na seleção de novos locais para implementação da cultura. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de 11 estações meteorológicas convencionais localizadas em toda a Ilha da Madeira com períodos de observação de 1961 a 1990. A obtenção do deficit hídrico foi obtida por meio do balanço hídrico proposto por Thornthwaite & Mather. Para o cultivo da videira na Ilha da Madeira, todo litoral Sul da Ilha, assim como boa parte do Norte, são áreas propicias para o desenvolvimento da cultura; no entanto no litoral sul, irrigação complementar é necessária para satisfazer as necessidades hídricas da cultura. Já no litoral Norte é necessário ter alguns cuidados com possível aparecimento de doenças fúngicas, devido aos grandes volumes de precipitação presentes na área.
Fabrício Lopes de Macedo; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL. Caminhos de Geografia 2020, 21, 296–306 -296–306.
AMA StyleFabrício Lopes de Macedo, Carla Ragonezi, Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL. Caminhos de Geografia. 2020; 21 (73):296–306-296–306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrício Lopes de Macedo; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. 2020. "ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL." Caminhos de Geografia 21, no. 73: 296–306-296–306.
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a substantial staple food in most of the tropical regions. Prolonged exposure to drought impairs crop production worldwide. Tolerant crops have the best capability to cope and avoid drought, through phenotypic flexibility mechanisms. The water use efficiency (WUE) is well known in taro crops, but very scarce information is available relating to their nutrient efficiency (NER) in drought conditions. Our work provided pertinent information about the physiological variation of seven taro accessions subjected to seven months of drought, by recording the differences for nutrient allocation, chlorophyll canopy, biomass loss, and stress intensity. Significant relationships between control and drought treatments on WUE (+85%), total plant biomass (TPB, -26.8%), chlorophyll content index (CCI, +1.8%), and nutrient harvest index (NHI, +0.2%) were detected. Drought led to a generalized loss of TPB as drought avoidance strategy, although distinct phenotypic flexibility was observed through the root:shoot ratio (R:S) and stress index (SI) from the corm and shoot organs. The nutrient allocation from the corms to shoots, with NER increase registered in drought conditions, can be a valuable tool to complement the TPB and WUE productivity traits, to be used in taro breeding programs.
Carla Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega; José G. R. De Freitas; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Phenotypic flexibility and drought avoidance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 2020, 150 -159.
AMA StyleCarla Gouveia, José F. T. Ganança, Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega, José G. R. De Freitas, Vincent Lebot, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Phenotypic flexibility and drought avoidance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2020; ():150-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega; José G. R. De Freitas; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2020. "Phenotypic flexibility and drought avoidance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture , no. : 150-159.
Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high‐quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post‐2020 CAP, we performed a European‐scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator‐friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake.A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources.EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early‐season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived.Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator‐friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen‐fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes. Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help protect pollination services, our expert elicitation highlights the need to create a variety of interconnected, well‐managed habitats that complement each other in the resources they offer. To achieve this the Common Agricultural Policy post‐2020 should take a holistic view to implementation that integrates the different delivery vehicles aimed at protecting biodiversity (e.g. enhanced conditionality, eco‐schemes and agri‐environment and climate measures). To improve habitat quality we recommend an effective monitoring framework with target‐orientated indicators and to facilitate the spatial targeting of options collaboration between land managers should be incentivised.
Lorna J. Cole; David Kleijn; Lynn Dicks; Jane C. Stout; Simon G. Potts; Matthias Albrecht; Mario V. Balzan; Ignasi Bartomeus; Penelope J. Bebeli; Danilo Bevk; Jacobus C. Biesmeijer; Róbert Chlebo; Anželika Dautartė; Nikolaos Emmanouil; Chris Hartfield; John M. Holland; Andrea Holzschuh; Nieke T. J. Knoben; Anikó Kovács‐Hostyánszki; Yael Mandelik; Heleni Panou; Robert J. Paxton; Theodora Petanidou; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho; Maj Rundlöf; Jean‐Pierre Sarthou; Menelaos C. Stavrinides; Maria Jose Suso; Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi; Bernard E. Vaissière; Androulla Varnava; Montserrat Vilà; Romualdas Zemeckis; Jeroen Scheper. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland. Journal of Applied Ecology 2020, 57, 681 -694.
AMA StyleLorna J. Cole, David Kleijn, Lynn Dicks, Jane C. Stout, Simon G. Potts, Matthias Albrecht, Mario V. Balzan, Ignasi Bartomeus, Penelope J. Bebeli, Danilo Bevk, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Róbert Chlebo, Anželika Dautartė, Nikolaos Emmanouil, Chris Hartfield, John M. Holland, Andrea Holzschuh, Nieke T. J. Knoben, Anikó Kovács‐Hostyánszki, Yael Mandelik, Heleni Panou, Robert J. Paxton, Theodora Petanidou, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho, Maj Rundlöf, Jean‐Pierre Sarthou, Menelaos C. Stavrinides, Maria Jose Suso, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Bernard E. Vaissière, Androulla Varnava, Montserrat Vilà, Romualdas Zemeckis, Jeroen Scheper. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2020; 57 (4):681-694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorna J. Cole; David Kleijn; Lynn Dicks; Jane C. Stout; Simon G. Potts; Matthias Albrecht; Mario V. Balzan; Ignasi Bartomeus; Penelope J. Bebeli; Danilo Bevk; Jacobus C. Biesmeijer; Róbert Chlebo; Anželika Dautartė; Nikolaos Emmanouil; Chris Hartfield; John M. Holland; Andrea Holzschuh; Nieke T. J. Knoben; Anikó Kovács‐Hostyánszki; Yael Mandelik; Heleni Panou; Robert J. Paxton; Theodora Petanidou; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho; Maj Rundlöf; Jean‐Pierre Sarthou; Menelaos C. Stavrinides; Maria Jose Suso; Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi; Bernard E. Vaissière; Androulla Varnava; Montserrat Vilà; Romualdas Zemeckis; Jeroen Scheper. 2020. "A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland." Journal of Applied Ecology 57, no. 4: 681-694.
Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho; Dora Aguin-Pombo. Madeira Archipelago. Encyclopedia of Islands 2019, 582 -585.
AMA StyleMiguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho, Dora Aguin-Pombo. Madeira Archipelago. Encyclopedia of Islands. 2019; ():582-585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho; Dora Aguin-Pombo. 2019. "Madeira Archipelago." Encyclopedia of Islands , no. : 582-585.
BACKGROUND The presence of insoluble calcium oxalate druse crystals (CaOx) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) can negatively affect its nutritional quality. Photosynthesis, starch and protein composition are linked with oxalate synthesis and tuber quality under water scarcity. Our main objective was the oxalate quantitation of sweet potato tubers and shoots and also to assess how drought changes their nutritional value. Eight sweet potato accessions from Madeira, Canaries and Guinea‐Bissau were analysed for their response to drought stress. Tubers and shoots were analysed for total (T‐Ox), soluble (S‐Ox) and insoluble (CaOx) oxalates, protein, chlorophyll content index (CCI), soluble starch, starch swelling power and starch solubility in water. RESULTS The S‐Ox and CaOx contents were higher in shoots. Six accessions were above maximum CaOx levels for raw consumption. Accessions with more favourable response to drought had decreased CaOx with S‐Ox increase content for osmoregulation. They also presented slightly decreased CCI and protein contents. Additionally, these accessions had an increased shoot starch content, for further tuber storage starch hydrolysis, and maintained the quality and functional properties of the tuber starch grain. Those with a less favourable response to drought had a higher T‐Ox and CaOx content in both organs, hindering water absorption. They also had decreased protein and CCI, with a slight increase of tuber starch hydrolysis. CONCLUSION Oxalate content was significantly related with carbohydrate metabolism, CCI and protein synthesis. This study significantly contributed to the screening of sweet potato stress response to drought, to adapt this crop to climatic change through breeding programs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Carla S. S. Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Changes in oxalate composition and other nutritive traits in root tubers and shoots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. [Lam.]) under water stress. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2019, 100, 1702 -1710.
AMA StyleCarla S. S. Gouveia, José F. T. Ganança, Vincent Lebot, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Changes in oxalate composition and other nutritive traits in root tubers and shoots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. [Lam.]) under water stress. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2019; 100 (4):1702-1710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla S. S. Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2019. "Changes in oxalate composition and other nutritive traits in root tubers and shoots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. [Lam.]) under water stress." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 4: 1702-1710.
“Flavescence dorée” (FD) is a quarantine disease associated with the presence of a phytoplasma transmitted by the insect vector Scaphoideus titanus. This disease affects grapevines and is of a great concern to the stability and sustainability of the wine industry, due to the harvest losses and death of infected plants. In Portugal, FD has seriously affected the “Vinhos Verdes” region, but so far the research on this topic is very limited. The current study confirmed that the FD phytoplasma strain involved in the outbreak in Vitis vinifera cv. Loureiro belongs to the 16SrV-D subgroup and shows very low RFLP variability in the tuf and secY genes. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of leaf midribs from infected grapevine plants revealed that the shape and structure of phloem cells were altered, presenting collapsed cells, callose accumulation in sieve plates and lipid accumulation in chloroplasts of phloem parenchyma cells. Moreover, data from two subsequent years showed that FD presence was associated with an average delay of 10 to 15 days on the time to visible inflorescences and to veraison, compared to healthy plants. At veraison, FD also lead to a significant decrease in the budburst percentage (7% to 12%), fertility index (35% in 2015), leaf area (56% to 63%), and chlorophyll content (18% to 35% lower SPAD values). Hence, infected plants showed a drastic reduction in the yield, corresponding to a decrease between 51% and 92% compared to healthy plants, which mostly resulted from a lower number of bunches (63% to 92% less), but also a decreased bunch weight (35% lower in 2015). Concerning berry quality, there were no significant differences in terms of total soluble solids and titrable acidity in both years. Here, this study concluded that the FD infection delays the grapevine development and leads to drastic production losses, which may be partly linked to the ultrastructural modifications observed in the phloem cells of infected plants.
Manuel João Rebelo Oliveira; Sandra Castro; Samanta Paltrinieri; Assunta Bertaccini; Mariana Sottomayor; Carla S. Santos; Marta W. Vasconcelos; Susana M.P. Carvalho. “Flavescence dorée” impacts growth, productivity and ultrastructure of Vitis vinifera plants in Portuguese “Vinhos Verdes” region. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 261, 108742 .
AMA StyleManuel João Rebelo Oliveira, Sandra Castro, Samanta Paltrinieri, Assunta Bertaccini, Mariana Sottomayor, Carla S. Santos, Marta W. Vasconcelos, Susana M.P. Carvalho. “Flavescence dorée” impacts growth, productivity and ultrastructure of Vitis vinifera plants in Portuguese “Vinhos Verdes” region. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 261 ():108742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel João Rebelo Oliveira; Sandra Castro; Samanta Paltrinieri; Assunta Bertaccini; Mariana Sottomayor; Carla S. Santos; Marta W. Vasconcelos; Susana M.P. Carvalho. 2019. "“Flavescence dorée” impacts growth, productivity and ultrastructure of Vitis vinifera plants in Portuguese “Vinhos Verdes” region." Scientia Horticulturae 261, no. : 108742.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important staple food in several regions of the world. Water scarcity is the most devastating abiotic stress, with a great impact on crop productivity, food security, and subsistence. Drought restricts the nutrient intake and transport into the plant. Tolerant crops have morphological mechanisms of drought avoidance and/or phenotypic flexibility, showing also good water and nutrient efficiency. However, that information is scarce for sweet potato, which is usually based on physiological traits of plant productivity. Here, we show the physiological responses of eight sweet potato accessions subjected to a 3 months’ drought period, by recording their differences for nutrient and leaf chlorophyll content, biomass and stress level. Our results showed that the differences in water use efficiency (WUE, +68.1%), chlorophyll content index (CCI, -5.3%), total plant biomass (TPB, -55.4%), nutrient efficiency (NER, +38.1%) and nutrient harvest index (NHI, +2.9%) where significantly correlated with the water regime. The water shortage led to a drought avoidance response, with TPB loss in all accessions. Distinct phenotypic flexibility responses were also recorded and explained by the root:shoot ratio (R:S) and stress index (SI) variation of the storage root and shoot growth. This information could be relevant for the development of sweet potato breeding programs, adapting this crop to climate change. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********
Carla Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega; José G. R. De Freitas; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho. Drought Avoidance and Phenotypic Flexibility of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Under Water Scarcity Conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2019, 47, 1037 -1046.
AMA StyleCarla Gouveia, José F. T. Ganança, Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega, José G. R. De Freitas, Vincent Lebot, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho. Drought Avoidance and Phenotypic Flexibility of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Under Water Scarcity Conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2019; 47 (4):1037-1046.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Gouveia; José F. T. Ganança; Humberto G. M. De Nóbrega; José G. R. De Freitas; Vincent Lebot; Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro De Carvalho. 2019. "Drought Avoidance and Phenotypic Flexibility of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Under Water Scarcity Conditions." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4: 1037-1046.
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress often experienced by soybean, owing to the low solubility of iron in alkaline soils. Here, soybean lines with contrasting Fe efficiencies were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the Fe efficiency trait is linked to antioxidative stress signaling via proper management of tissue Fe accumulation and transport, which in turn influences the regulation of heme and non heme containing enzymes involved in Fe uptake and ROS scavenging. Inefficient plants displayed higher oxidative stress and lower ferric reductase activity, whereas root and leaf catalase activity were nine-fold and three-fold higher, respectively. Efficient plants do not activate their antioxidant system because there is no formation of ROS under iron deficiency; while inefficient plants are not able to deal with ROS produced under iron deficiency because ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are not activated because of the lack of iron as a cofactor, and of heme as a constituent of those enzymes. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase isoenzymatic regulation may play a determinant role: 10 superoxide dismutase isoenzymes were observed in both cultivars, but iron superoxide dismutase activity was only detected in efficient plants; 15 peroxidase isoenzymes were observed in the roots and trifoliate leaves of efficient and inefficient cultivars and peroxidase activity levels were only increased in roots of efficient plants.
Carla S. Santos; Rengin Ozgur; Baris Uzilday; Ismail Turkan; Mariana Roriz; António O.S.S. Rangel; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Marta W. Vasconcelos. Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. Plants 2019, 8, 348 .
AMA StyleCarla S. Santos, Rengin Ozgur, Baris Uzilday, Ismail Turkan, Mariana Roriz, António O.S.S. Rangel, Susana M.P. Carvalho, Marta W. Vasconcelos. Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. Plants. 2019; 8 (9):348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla S. Santos; Rengin Ozgur; Baris Uzilday; Ismail Turkan; Mariana Roriz; António O.S.S. Rangel; Susana M.P. Carvalho; Marta W. Vasconcelos. 2019. "Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis." Plants 8, no. 9: 348.
Marta Nunes da Silva; Joana Filipa Félix Machado; G.M. Balestra; Angelo Mazzaglia; M.W. Vasconcelos; Susana M.P. Carvalho. Exploring the expression of defence-related genes in Actinidia spp. after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. actinidifoliorum: first steps. European Journal of Horticultural Science 2019, 84, 206 -212.
AMA StyleMarta Nunes da Silva, Joana Filipa Félix Machado, G.M. Balestra, Angelo Mazzaglia, M.W. Vasconcelos, Susana M.P. Carvalho. Exploring the expression of defence-related genes in Actinidia spp. after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. actinidifoliorum: first steps. European Journal of Horticultural Science. 2019; 84 (4):206-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Nunes da Silva; Joana Filipa Félix Machado; G.M. Balestra; Angelo Mazzaglia; M.W. Vasconcelos; Susana M.P. Carvalho. 2019. "Exploring the expression of defence-related genes in Actinidia spp. after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. actinidifoliorum: first steps." European Journal of Horticultural Science 84, no. 4: 206-212.
Nuno Nunes; S. Valente; S. Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Validation of a spectrophotometric methodology for a rapid iodine analysis in algae and seaweed casts. Algal Research 2019, 42, 1 .
AMA StyleNuno Nunes, S. Valente, S. Ferraz, Maria Do Carmo Barreto, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Validation of a spectrophotometric methodology for a rapid iodine analysis in algae and seaweed casts. Algal Research. 2019; 42 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Nunes; S. Valente; S. Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2019. "Validation of a spectrophotometric methodology for a rapid iodine analysis in algae and seaweed casts." Algal Research 42, no. : 1.
Fucoxanthin is considered an important marine bioactive compound with biological properties with promising effects, namely on health. A simple and efficient analytical methodology is proposed for its quantification in seaweed biomass by using vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction (VASLME) followed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) photodiode array detection (PDA) analysis. This microextraction uses reduced quantities of sample (25 mg) and solvent (300 μL of ethanol) to efficiently extract this high-valued xanthophyll, in a vortex time of 15 min. These extraction parameters were optimized performing a Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis, running 32 individual experiments. In turn, the method validation was assessed. The linearity of the method was confirmed (R2 = 0.99998) in a concentration range from 12 to 3600 μg·g−1 dw. Also, good sensitivity and accuracy results were observed through the LOD (3.33 μg·g−1), LOQ (10.09 μg·g−1) and recovery (varied from 95 to 97%) assessments. Good precision was also verified, with intra-day variation within 2.0–3.3%, and inter-day within 1.0–3.8%. Matrix effect was also evaluated and an acceptable variation of 3.4% was found. The method applicability was confirmed by the analysis of 22 seaweed biomass samples and fucoxanthin content was found to vary from about 10 to 853 μg·g−1 dw. This method demonstrated a good performance and can be successfully implemented for a rapid, reliable and accurate screening of fucoxanthin in seaweed biomass.
N. Nunes; João Micael Leça; Ana Cristina Pereira; Vanda Pereira; S. Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Jose C Marques; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Evaluation of fucoxanthin contents in seaweed biomass by vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Algal Research 2019, 42, 101603 .
AMA StyleN. Nunes, João Micael Leça, Ana Cristina Pereira, Vanda Pereira, S. Ferraz, Maria Do Carmo Barreto, Jose C Marques, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Evaluation of fucoxanthin contents in seaweed biomass by vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Algal Research. 2019; 42 ():101603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Nunes; João Micael Leça; Ana Cristina Pereira; Vanda Pereira; S. Ferraz; Maria Do Carmo Barreto; Jose C Marques; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2019. "Evaluation of fucoxanthin contents in seaweed biomass by vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection." Algal Research 42, no. : 101603.