Water pollution is a global issue because of potentially lethal toxins. Polymeric nanomaterials are making their way into water treatment processes and are being utilized to efficiently remove a variety of pollutants. Polymeric nanomaterials are a popular option for a solution because they have a high adsorption capacity and a high surface charge. Nanocomposites have recently come to the attention of those working in the field of water treatment in order to more effectively remove contaminants. Polymeric composites are based on biopolymers and are being developed. These all quickly reached the industrial standards because of their low impact on the natural world. Chitosan is one of the biopolymers that are used extensively. Moreover, it is one of the most highly preferred biopolymers. It is simple to scale up and is readily available. The incorporation of nanomaterials into the biopolymer enables better control over the shape, size, and morphology of the particle, as well as an increase in the efficiency with which contaminants are removed. This is an excellent review that examines recent developments in the formation of chitosan-based polymeric nanocomposites and their performance in removing various contaminants including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceutical waste, and radionuclides from water.

Scaffolds are important to tissue regeneration and engineering because they can sustain the continuous release of various cell types and provide a location where new bone-forming cells can attach and propagate. Scaffolds produced from diverse processes have been studied and analyzed in recent decades. They are structurally efficient for improving cell affinity and synthetic and mechanical strength. Carbon nanotubes are spongy nanoparticles with high strength and thermal inertness, and they have been used as filler particles in the manufacturing industry to increase the performance of scaffold particles. The regeneration of tissue and organs requires a significant level of spatial and temporal control over physiological processes, as well as experiments in actual environments. This has led to an upsurge in the use of nanoparticle-based tissue scaffolds with numerous cell types for contrast imaging and managing scaffold characteristics. In this review, we emphasize the usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT–polymer composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and also summarize challenges and prospects for their potential applications in different areas.

Every industry now takes clean technology very seriously. Particularly in textile dying facilities, a lot of water, energy, dyeing colours, and chemicals are used. Significant issues with air and water pollution may result from this. The wastewater is quite colourful and smells poisonous. It also has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels. Reactive dyes found in wastewater include orange OGR, red DB-8, black DN, and turquoise DG. It has been demonstrated that the type of dye, the dosage of coagulant, and the pH of the sample all affect how effectively dye is removed. Also, the effectiveness of COD and colour elimination in single-stage and multi-stage ozonation-biological process methods were studied. The functional groups of azo dye are changed by ozonation to produce more readily removable biodegradable byproducts. Ozonation changes the functional groups in azo dye, resulting in more biologically degradable byproducts that are simply eliminated through biological treatment. Activated sludge treatment as well as the coagulation-flocculation technique with 80% waste water removal efficiency. Sequencing batch reactor is a fill-and- draw activated sludge-based system for wastewater treatment and has been proposed as an alternative technique for treating industrial effluents. We briefed a promising novel technology for textile effluent de-colorisation in this chapter.