Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of fear and anxiety on nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design: Participants were recruited by an online survey in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included general demographic characteristics, level of fear and anxiety, and nutritional habits. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test (GAD-7) were used to determine fear and anxiety.Setting: Turkey.Participants: A total sample consisted of 1012 adults.Results: In pandemic, fear and anxiety caused individuals to skip breakfast and snacks less, but more at lunch. A positive significant correlation was observed between the increased consumption of yoghurt, cheese and water and FCV-19S scores. There was a positive significant correlation between cheese, legume, nuts-seeds, cake-cookies, dessert and tea consumption and GAD-7 scores. A 1-unit increase in FCV-19S scores affected 1·04 times of increased consumption of yoghurt, kefir, cheese, nuts-seeds, fruit (dry) and rice-pasta. A 1-unit increase in GAD-7 scores affected 1·03 times of increased consumption of egg and fruit (fresh); 1·04 times of increased consumption of cheese and other vegetables; 1·05 times of increased consumption of milk, meat, poultry, fish, legume, nuts-seeds, fruit (dry), cake-cookies and tea; 1·07 times of increased consumption of rice-pasta and coffee and 1·08 times of increased consumption of bread and dessert.Conclusions: In pandemic, anxiety and fear led to changes in individuals’ nutritional habits and food preferences. Continuous surveillance of psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide. In addition, the effects of these psychological problems on nutrition should be evaluated.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between caffeine use disorder (CUD), caffeine withdrawal symptoms and the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) in adults. Design: The study utilised a cross-sectional design to assess the relationships between CUD, caffeine withdrawal symptoms and DASS. Setting: Participants’ CUD was evaluated through the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), while the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) measured DASS levels. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms and total caffeine intake were calculated based on self-reported consumption of caffeine-rich products. Participants: The study involved 618 participants with an average age of 27·8 (sd 7·8) years. Results: Participants consumed an average of 461·21 (sd 11·09) mg/d of caffeine, showing a positive correlation between CUD and total caffeine intake. The risk of CUD increased alongside levels of DASS. Individuals with caffeine withdrawal symptoms had higher CUDQ and DASS scores. A multiple linear regression model revealed significant associations between total caffeine intake (P < 0·001) and DASS-21 score (P < 0·001) with CUDQ score. Conclusions: The study concluded that caffeine, while recognised for its potential health benefits, also exhibits properties that may lead to addiction. The development of caffeine use disorder and cessation of caffeine intake can increase DASS levels in adults, indicating the need for awareness and appropriate interventions in public health nutrition.

Objective To adapt the abbreviated version of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire to Turkish for the Turkish adult population. Methods This cross-sectional study includes 709 participants aged between 18-65 years living in the province of Elazig. The data was collected through a voluntary face-to-face survey. The questionnaire was included their general characteristics and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire -18 and Eating Attitude Test-26. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire -18. Statistical analyzes were conducted using the R-Project program and IBM®SPSS® version 26.0. Results The overall content validity index was 0.93. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the two sub-scales and reduced the abbreviated of Mindful Eating Questionnaire to 18 items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.718 for the Mindful Eating Questionnaire-18 total factor scores and Cronbach alpha values for awareness, and disinhibition were found to be 0,843 and 0,789, respectively. The minimum discrepancy per degree of freedom=4.914 and the fit indices were at an acceptable level (RMSEA=0.074, CFI=0.934, SRMR=0.079, TLI=0.925, GFI=0.968, AGFI=0.959). Conclusion The findings of study showed that the psychometric properties of the abbreviated Mindful Eating Questionnaire adapted into Turkish were acceptable through construct and internal consistency reliability for adults.