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Associate Professor of Geomatics at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy), Department of Engineering ‘Enzo Ferrari’. My research activity is focused on integrated systems for deformation monitoring both for environmental and structural applications. I took a degree in Environmental Engineering in 2006 and gained my PhD in 2010 with a thesis about the development of integrated systems for land-based navigation in precision farming applications. I was visiting scholar at the Ohio State University in 2009. Since 2008 I participated in several archaeological missions in Italy, Croatia, Peru and Argentina funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. I'm interested in multidisciplinary applied research addressed to geomatics engineering problem solving by means of innovative techniques. I like team working, especially when scientists with different expertise are involved because I have the opportunty to improve my knowledge.
Underwater photogrammetry is increasingly being used by marine ecologists because of its ability to produce accurate, spatially detailed, non-destructive measurements of benthic communities, coupled with affordability and ease of use. However, independent quality control, rigorous imaging system set-up, optimal geometry design and a strict modeling of the imaging process are essential to achieving a high degree of measurable accuracy and resolution. If a proper photogrammetric approach that enables the formal description of the propagation of measurement error and modeling uncertainties is not undertaken, statements regarding the statistical significance of the results are limited. In this paper, we tackle these critical topics, based on the experience gained in the Moorea Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar (IDEA) project, where we have developed a rigorous underwater photogrammetric pipeline for coral reef monitoring and change detection. Here, we discuss the need for a permanent, underwater geodetic network, which serves to define a temporally stable reference datum and a check for the time series of photogrammetrically derived three-dimensional (3D) models of the reef structure. We present a methodology to evaluate the suitability of several underwater camera systems for photogrammetric and multi-temporal monitoring purposes and stress the importance of camera network geometry to minimize the deformations of photogrammetrically derived 3D reef models. Finally, we incorporate the measurement and modeling uncertainties of the full photogrammetric process into a simple and flexible framework for detecting statistically significant changes among a time series of models.
Erica Nocerino; Fabio Menna; Armin Gruen; Matthias Troyer; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Paolo Rossi; Andrew Brooks; Russell Schmitt; Sally Holbrook. Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3036 .
AMA StyleErica Nocerino, Fabio Menna, Armin Gruen, Matthias Troyer, Alessandro Capra, Cristina Castagnetti, Paolo Rossi, Andrew Brooks, Russell Schmitt, Sally Holbrook. Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (18):3036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErica Nocerino; Fabio Menna; Armin Gruen; Matthias Troyer; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Paolo Rossi; Andrew Brooks; Russell Schmitt; Sally Holbrook. 2020. "Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18: 3036.
The paper presents a rational procedure for the structural assessment of bell towers with respect to the dynamic actions induced by the bell ringing, based on structural monitoring and data processing. This methodology is tested on the bell tower of Saint Prospero (Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy), a masonry tower of great historical interest. The procedure includes an accurate geometrical survey for a deep knowledge of the structural geometry, which is the base for the structural modelling. A finite element model of the tower is calibrated with respect to the modal properties evaluated from the structural response measured in operational conditions. The structural response of the tower was also measured during a famous cultural event held in the city centre of Reggio Emilia, when skilled bell ringers played traditional melodies. The tower displacements are evaluated applying a double integration technique and a detrending procedure based on the empirical mode decomposition to the acquired accelerations. To simulate the structural response to the bell ringing, the tower and the bell are modelled as a single degree of freedom system and an unforced and undamped simple pendulum, respectively. For safety assessment purposes, the structural response of the tower is evaluated considering different oscillation angles in order to identify the one causing the maximum displacement. Finally, the stress pattern of the masonry caused by the bell-induced displacement is estimated thanks to the calibrated finite element model of the tower. Results show that the bell ringing causes a stress pattern lower than the allowable masonry strength for the serviceability conditions.
Loris Vincenzi; Elisa Bassoli; Federico Ponsi; Cristina Castagnetti; Francesco Mancini. Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of bell ringing effects for the structural assessment of a masonry bell tower. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 2019, 9, 439 -458.
AMA StyleLoris Vincenzi, Elisa Bassoli, Federico Ponsi, Cristina Castagnetti, Francesco Mancini. Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of bell ringing effects for the structural assessment of a masonry bell tower. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring. 2019; 9 (4):439-458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoris Vincenzi; Elisa Bassoli; Federico Ponsi; Cristina Castagnetti; Francesco Mancini. 2019. "Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of bell ringing effects for the structural assessment of a masonry bell tower." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 9, no. 4: 439-458.
This paper aims to present a new methodological approach for the stability assessment of coastal cliffs constituted of discontinuous rock masses. The method entails in situ specific geostructural and geomechanical surveys, three-dimensional UAV-based Photogrammetric structural models, laboratory geotechnical tests and, two- and three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEM). The application of the method to a case study is then presented and discussed; it regards a 600 m long sea rocky cliff located at Sant'Andrea (Melendugno, South of Apulia, SE Italy) and faced to the southern Adriatic Sea. Here the cliff is made up of an about 15 m-thick sequence of laminate calcisiltites alternate with bioturbated calcarenites belonging to the Uggiano la Chiesa Fm. (Middle-Upper Pliocene). The structural discontinuities detected with photogrammetry techniques were compared and validated with those derived from conventional in situ survey methods. Later on, the paper discusses assumptions and results of two- and three-dimensional finite element models developed to investigate the potential failure mechanisms of the sea cliff accounting for pre-existing weak planes or discontinuities with unfavourable orientation. The failure mechanisms obtained by both FEM analysis agree well with those typically observed in the study area.
N.L. Fazio; M. Perrotti; Gioacchino Francesco Andriani; Francesco Mancini; P. Rossi; C. Castagnetti; P. Lollino. A new methodological approach to assess the stability of discontinuous rocky cliffs using in-situ surveys supported by UAV-based techniques and 3-D finite element model: a case study. Engineering Geology 2019, 260, 105205 .
AMA StyleN.L. Fazio, M. Perrotti, Gioacchino Francesco Andriani, Francesco Mancini, P. Rossi, C. Castagnetti, P. Lollino. A new methodological approach to assess the stability of discontinuous rocky cliffs using in-situ surveys supported by UAV-based techniques and 3-D finite element model: a case study. Engineering Geology. 2019; 260 ():105205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN.L. Fazio; M. Perrotti; Gioacchino Francesco Andriani; Francesco Mancini; P. Rossi; C. Castagnetti; P. Lollino. 2019. "A new methodological approach to assess the stability of discontinuous rocky cliffs using in-situ surveys supported by UAV-based techniques and 3-D finite element model: a case study." Engineering Geology 260, no. : 105205.
This paper presents a multi-temporal underwater photogrammetric survey of a reef patch located in Moorea, French Polynesia, designed to detect a coral growth of 10–15 mm/year. Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry and underwater imagery allows the three-dimensional quantification of reef structural complexity and ecologically relevant characteristics at the patch scale. A high degree of accuracy and fine resolution are required in order to guarantee the repeatability of surveys over time within the same reference system, meaning a proper geodetic network and acquisition scheme are mandatory. Measuring tools and reference points were properly designed in order to constrain the photogrammetric reconstruction. The network adjustment, performed with distance and height difference observations, provided an average accuracy of ± 1.2 mm and ± 2.9 mm in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. The final accuracies of photogrammetric reconstructions are on the order of 1 cm and few millimeters for the 2017 and 2018 monitoring campaigns, respectively. This results in realized errors in the comparison of about ± 1 cm. Coordinate variations larger than this magnitude can be reasonably interpreted as coral growth or dissolution. The direct comparison of the two subsequent point clouds is effective in order to evaluate trends in growth and perform morphometric analyses. For highly accurate quantitative assessment of local changes, an expert operator can create and analyze specific 2D profiles that are easily produced from the point clouds.
P. Rossi; Cristina Castagnetti; A. Capra; A. J. Brooks; Francesco Mancini. Detecting change in coral reef 3D structure using underwater photogrammetry: critical issues and performance metrics. Applied Geomatics 2019, 12, 3 -17.
AMA StyleP. Rossi, Cristina Castagnetti, A. Capra, A. J. Brooks, Francesco Mancini. Detecting change in coral reef 3D structure using underwater photogrammetry: critical issues and performance metrics. Applied Geomatics. 2019; 12 (S1):3-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Rossi; Cristina Castagnetti; A. Capra; A. J. Brooks; Francesco Mancini. 2019. "Detecting change in coral reef 3D structure using underwater photogrammetry: critical issues and performance metrics." Applied Geomatics 12, no. S1: 3-17.
Underwater photogrammetry is a well-established technique for measuring and modelling the subaquatic environment in fields ranging from archaeology to marine ecology. While for simple tasks the acquisition and processing of images have become straightforward, applications requiring relative accuracy better then 1:1000 are still considered challenging. This study focuses on the metric evaluation of different off-the-shelf camera systems for making high resolution and high accuracy measurements of coral reefs monitoring through time, where the variations to be measured are in the range of a few centimeters per year. High quality and low-cost systems (reflex and mirrorless vs action cameras, i.e. GoPro) with multiple lenses (prime and zoom), different fields of views (from fisheye to moderate wide angle), pressure housing materials and lens ports (dome and flat) are compared. Tests are repeated at different camera to object distances to investigate distance dependent induced errors and assess the accuracy of the photogrammetrically derived models. An extensive statistical analysis of the different systems is performed and comparisons against reference control point measured through a high precision underwater geodetic network are reported.
E. Nocerino; F. Neyer; A. Gruen; M. Troyer; F. Menna; A. Brooks; A. Capra; C. Castagnetti; P. Rossi. COMPARISON OF DIVER-OPERATED UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS FOR CORAL REEF MONITORING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2019, XLII-2/W10, 143 -150.
AMA StyleE. Nocerino, F. Neyer, A. Gruen, M. Troyer, F. Menna, A. Brooks, A. Capra, C. Castagnetti, P. Rossi. COMPARISON OF DIVER-OPERATED UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS FOR CORAL REEF MONITORING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2019; XLII-2/W10 ():143-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Nocerino; F. Neyer; A. Gruen; M. Troyer; F. Menna; A. Brooks; A. Capra; C. Castagnetti; P. Rossi. 2019. "COMPARISON OF DIVER-OPERATED UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS FOR CORAL REEF MONITORING." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W10, no. : 143-150.
This paper discusses the performance of a terrestrial radar interferometer for the structural monitoring of ancient masonry towers. High-speed radar interferometry is an innovative and powerful remote sensing technique for the dynamic monitoring of large structures since it is contactless, non-destructive, and able to measure fast displacements on the order of tenths of millimeters. This methodology was tested on a masonry tower of great historical interest, the Saint Prospero bell tower (Northern Italy). To evaluate the quality of the results, data collected from the interferometer were compared and validated with those provided by two types of accelerometer-based measuring systems directly installed on the tower. Dynamic tests were conducted in operational conditions as well as during a bell concert. The first aimed at characterizing the dynamic behavior of the tower, while the second allowed to evaluate the bell swinging effects. Results showed a good agreement among the different measuring systems and demonstrated the potential of the radar interferometry for the dynamic monitoring of structures, with special focus on the need for an accurate design of the geometric aspects of the surveys.
Cristina Castagnetti; Elisa Bassoli; Loris Vincenzi; Francesco Mancini. Dynamic Assessment of Masonry Towers Based on Terrestrial Radar Interferometer and Accelerometers. Sensors 2019, 19, 1319 .
AMA StyleCristina Castagnetti, Elisa Bassoli, Loris Vincenzi, Francesco Mancini. Dynamic Assessment of Masonry Towers Based on Terrestrial Radar Interferometer and Accelerometers. Sensors. 2019; 19 (6):1319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Castagnetti; Elisa Bassoli; Loris Vincenzi; Francesco Mancini. 2019. "Dynamic Assessment of Masonry Towers Based on Terrestrial Radar Interferometer and Accelerometers." Sensors 19, no. 6: 1319.
The work describes a cost-effective methodology for the creation of 3D virtual models with both metric and photo-realistic content developed for archaeologists who need to rapidly map new findings during their field prospections. The potential of modern photogrammetry approach, based on Structure from Motion (SfM) and dense image matching algorithms, coupled with the use of low-cost cameras is evaluated for the creation of 3D models and orthophotos of rock paintings. The case study is located in Brealito valley, in the Calchaqui basin of the Province of Salta, Argentina. In these wide areas, actually known for the naturalistic value, a huge amount of archeological remains was found and surveyed for the first time in August 2013 within a research project funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A methodological approach to record the findings in a cost-effective and reliable way is defined, acquisitions are performed with common use instruments such as digital cameras (off-the-shelf and single lens reflex - SLR) and measuring tapes. The novelty of the work lies in defining, experiencing and transferring to operators a simple methodology for digitizing and mapping the archeological heritage in order to provide 2D orthophotos and 3D models. Such methodology allows anyone, archaeologists or unprofessional personnel, to be trained and easily perform a survey in order to document, survey and study the investigated site.
C Castagnetti; P Rossi; A Capra. 3D Reconstruction of rock paintings: a cost-effective approach based on modern photogrammetry for rapidly mapping archaeological findings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 364, 012020 .
AMA StyleC Castagnetti, P Rossi, A Capra. 3D Reconstruction of rock paintings: a cost-effective approach based on modern photogrammetry for rapidly mapping archaeological findings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 364 (1):012020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC Castagnetti; P Rossi; A Capra. 2018. "3D Reconstruction of rock paintings: a cost-effective approach based on modern photogrammetry for rapidly mapping archaeological findings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 364, no. 1: 012020.
The present paper explores the combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and three-dimensional geomechanical modeling in the investigation of instability processes of long sectors of coastal rocky cliffs. The need of a reliable and detailed reconstruction of the geometry of the cliff surfaces, beside the geomechanical characterization of the rock materials, could represent a very challenging requirement for sub-vertical coastal cliffs overlooking the sea. Very often, no information could be acquired by alternative surveying methodologies, due to the absence of vantage points, and the fieldwork could pose a risk for personnel. The case study is represented by a 600 m long sea cliff located at Sant’Andrea (Melendugno, Apulia, Italy). The cliff is characterized by a very complex geometrical setting, with a suggestive alternation of 10 to 20 m high vertical walls, with frequent caves, arches and rock-stacks. Initially, the rocky cliff surface was reconstructed at very fine spatial resolution from the combination of nadir and oblique images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles. Successively, a limited area has been selected for further investigation. In particular, data refinement/decimation procedure has been assessed to find a convenient three-dimensional model to be used in the finite element geomechanical modeling without loss of information on the surface complexity. Finally, to test integrated procedure, the potential modes of failure of such sector of the investigated cliff were achieved. Results indicate that the most likely failure mechanism along the sea cliff examined is represented by the possible propagation of shear fractures or tensile failures along concave cliff portions or over-hanging due to previous collapses or erosion of the underlying rock volumes. The proposed approach to the investigation of coastal cliff stability has proven to be a possible and flexible tool in the rapid and highly-automated investigation of hazards to slope failure in coastal areas.
Francesco Mancini; Cristina Castagnetti; Paolo Rossi; Marco Dubbini; Nunzio Luciano Fazio; Michele Perrotti; Piernicola Lollino. An Integrated Procedure to Assess the Stability of Coastal Rocky Cliffs: From UAV Close-Range Photogrammetry to Geomechanical Finite Element Modeling. Remote Sensing 2017, 9, 1235 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Mancini, Cristina Castagnetti, Paolo Rossi, Marco Dubbini, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Michele Perrotti, Piernicola Lollino. An Integrated Procedure to Assess the Stability of Coastal Rocky Cliffs: From UAV Close-Range Photogrammetry to Geomechanical Finite Element Modeling. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9 (12):1235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Mancini; Cristina Castagnetti; Paolo Rossi; Marco Dubbini; Nunzio Luciano Fazio; Michele Perrotti; Piernicola Lollino. 2017. "An Integrated Procedure to Assess the Stability of Coastal Rocky Cliffs: From UAV Close-Range Photogrammetry to Geomechanical Finite Element Modeling." Remote Sensing 9, no. 12: 1235.
The research project VisualVersilia 3D aims at offering a new way to promote the territory and its heritage by matching the traditional reading of the document and the potential use of modern communication technologies for the cultural tourism. Recently, the research on the use of new technologies applied to cultural heritage have turned their attention mainly to technologies to reconstruct and narrate the complexity of the territory and its heritage, including 3D scanning, 3D printing and augmented reality. Some museums and archaeological sites already exploit the potential of digital tools to preserve and spread their heritage but interactive services involving tourists in an immersive and more modern experience are still rare. The innovation of the project consists in the development of a methodology for documenting current and past historical ages and integrating their 3D visualizations with rendering capable of returning an immersive virtual reality for a successful enhancement of the heritage. The project implements the methodology in the archaeological complex of Massaciuccoli, one of the best preserved roman site of the Versilia Area (Tuscany, Italy). The activities of the project briefly consist in developing: 1. the virtual tour of the site in its current configuration on the basis of spherical images then enhanced by texts, graphics and audio guides in order to enable both an immersive and remote tourist experience; 2. 3D reconstruction of the evidences and buildings in their current condition for documentation and conservation purposes on the basis of a complete metric survey carried out through laser scanning; 3. 3D virtual reconstructions through the main historical periods on the basis of historical investigation and the analysis of data acquired.
C. Castagnetti; M. Giannini; R. Rivola. IMAGE-BASED VIRTUAL TOURS AND 3D MODELING OF PAST AND CURRENT AGES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS: THE VISUALVERSILIA 3D PROJECT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2017, XLII-5/W1, 639 -645.
AMA StyleC. Castagnetti, M. Giannini, R. Rivola. IMAGE-BASED VIRTUAL TOURS AND 3D MODELING OF PAST AND CURRENT AGES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS: THE VISUALVERSILIA 3D PROJECT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2017; XLII-5/W1 ():639-645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Castagnetti; M. Giannini; R. Rivola. 2017. "IMAGE-BASED VIRTUAL TOURS AND 3D MODELING OF PAST AND CURRENT AGES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS: THE VISUALVERSILIA 3D PROJECT." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1, no. : 639-645.
The new era of designing in architecture and civil engineering applications lies in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach, based on a 3D geometric model including a 3D database. This is easier for new constructions whereas, when dealing with existing buildings, the creation of the BIM is based on the accurate knowledge of the as-built construction. Such a condition is allowed by a 3D survey, often carried out with laser scanning technology or modern photogrammetry, which are able to guarantee an adequate points cloud in terms of resolution and completeness by balancing both time consuming and costs with respect to the request of final accuracy. The BIM approach for existing buildings and even more for historical buildings is not yet a well known and deeply discussed process. There are still several choices to be addressed in the process from the survey to the model and critical issues to be discussed in the modeling step, particularly when dealing with unconventional elements such as deformed geometries or historical elements. The paper describes a comprehensive workflow that goes through the survey and the modeling, allowing to focus on critical issues and key points to obtain a reliable BIM of an existing monument. The case study employed to illustrate the workflow is the Basilica of St. Stefano in Bologna (Italy), a large monumental complex with great religious, historical and architectural assets.
C. Castagnetti; M. Dubbini; P. C. Ricci; R. Rivola; M. Giannini; A. Capra. CRITICAL ISSUES AND KEY POINTS FROM THE SURVEY TO THE CREATION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL: THE CASE OF SANTO STEFANO BASILICA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2017, XLII-5/W1, 467 -474.
AMA StyleC. Castagnetti, M. Dubbini, P. C. Ricci, R. Rivola, M. Giannini, A. Capra. CRITICAL ISSUES AND KEY POINTS FROM THE SURVEY TO THE CREATION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL: THE CASE OF SANTO STEFANO BASILICA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2017; XLII-5/W1 ():467-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Castagnetti; M. Dubbini; P. C. Ricci; R. Rivola; M. Giannini; A. Capra. 2017. "CRITICAL ISSUES AND KEY POINTS FROM THE SURVEY TO THE CREATION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL: THE CASE OF SANTO STEFANO BASILICA." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1, no. : 467-474.
This paper focuses on the integration of geodetic monitoring and geotechnical modeling for the analyses of subsidence induced settlements in historic structures. The aim is the assessment of the behavior over time of the monuments, with particular attention to differential settlements, in order to evaluate the potential risk scenarios in a preventive strategy. The methodology is applied to the UNESCO site of Modena where the Cathedral and the Ghirlandina Tower are characterized by strong visible deformations due to a complex construction history, the peculiar subsoil conditions and the effects of both natural and man induced subsidence. A 3D finite element numerical model has been developed taking into account the soil characteristics gained by laboratory and in situ tests. The model takes into account the influence of previously existing structures, as well as the subsidence phenomena and provides a settlements profile in agreement with the real dataset collected by high-precision leveling. The geodetic monitoring, carried out since 1984, allows to optimize and then to validate the numerical model giving the Conservation Authority a useful tool to manage the safety of the heritage.
Cristina Castagnetti; Renato Maria Cosentini; Renato Lancellotta; Alessandro Capra. Geodetic monitoring and geotechnical analyses of subsidence induced settlements of historic structures. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 2017, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleCristina Castagnetti, Renato Maria Cosentini, Renato Lancellotta, Alessandro Capra. Geodetic monitoring and geotechnical analyses of subsidence induced settlements of historic structures. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. 2017; 24 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Castagnetti; Renato Maria Cosentini; Renato Lancellotta; Alessandro Capra. 2017. "Geodetic monitoring and geotechnical analyses of subsidence induced settlements of historic structures." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 24, no. 12: 1.
The research focuses on structural monitoring and movements identification applied to cultural heritage protection. The final purpose is the integration among different and independent technologies for analyzing and investigating the geometry changing over time of ancient leaning towers. The paper deals with a novel strategy implemented to compute differential vertical displacements starting from results obtained by repeated high-precision leveling network adjustments. These results usually aim at monitoring the subsidence phenomenon, while their use in engineering applications is more or less absent in literature. Moreover, the multidisciplinary approach is also able to analyze subsidence gradients in order to extrapolate the trend of the vertical axis and compute structure's rotations. The approach is applied to the Ghirlandina Tower, Modena (Italy), in order to identify the leaning and the subsidence trend. About 30 years of leveling campaigns provide a useful dataset to test the methodology, which is finally validated by the independent observations collected by a pendulum. The approach allows to compute the mean total displacement since 1984 of about 4.7 cm with 30% occurring over the last 6 years. In the same period, the total overhang of the tower (1.30 m in 2007) increased by about 19.1 and 10.4 mm towards southwest. The approach is also able to identify anomalous behavior of the tower such as the reversal tilting trend due to the scaffolding in the years of restoration and the permanent deformation suffered after the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake (failure of 4 mm in 6 months). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Alessandro Capra. Monitoring leaning towers by geodetic approaches: effects of subsidence and earthquake to the Ghirlandina Tower. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 2015, 23, 580 -593.
AMA StyleCristina Castagnetti, Eleonora Bertacchini, Alessandro Capra. Monitoring leaning towers by geodetic approaches: effects of subsidence and earthquake to the Ghirlandina Tower. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. 2015; 23 (3):580-593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Alessandro Capra. 2015. "Monitoring leaning towers by geodetic approaches: effects of subsidence and earthquake to the Ghirlandina Tower." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 23, no. 3: 580-593.
This paper presents a literature review on the methodology called Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and its use for Landslide Risk Assessment (LRA). General risk assessment procedures are discussed and the potential contributions of VGI are identified, in particular when quantitative characterization of factors such as Hazard, Vulnerability and Exposure is required. The review shows that the standard LRA procedures may benefit from input given by surveyors when performing hazard assessments, while crowdsourced data would be a valuable support in vulnerability/damage assessment studies. The review also highlights several limitations related to the role of VGI and crowdsourcing in LRA.
Francesco Mancini; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Claudia Ceppi; Eleonora Bertacchini; Riccardo Rivola. Contribution of Geomatics Engineering and VGI Within the Landslide Risk Assessment Procedures. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2015, 635 -647.
AMA StyleFrancesco Mancini, Alessandro Capra, Cristina Castagnetti, Claudia Ceppi, Eleonora Bertacchini, Riccardo Rivola. Contribution of Geomatics Engineering and VGI Within the Landslide Risk Assessment Procedures. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2015; ():635-647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Mancini; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Claudia Ceppi; Eleonora Bertacchini; Riccardo Rivola. 2015. "Contribution of Geomatics Engineering and VGI Within the Landslide Risk Assessment Procedures." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 635-647.
Monitoring the time history of structures and infrastructures has always been an important area of application of geodetic and geomatic methods. Here we shall concentrate on the item of monitoring ancient buildings because, beyond its intrinsic interest, it provides a good illustration of some of the most recent monitoring techniques. Identifying the overhang, progressive changes of inclination, differential movements of the structure and detailing the study of structural elements are just some examples of the many fundamental and necessary information for structural engineers. Those data are required to study and analyze the behavior of a structure with the purpose to assess the stability. Looking at the several methods offered by Geomatics, laser scanning appears to be the best technology to provide an effective 3D solution to those requirements. Surveying by means of a terrestrial laser scanner, allows to detect a huge number of 3D information with high accuracy in a relatively short time and high accuracy. Just analyzing the point clouds, interesting information along with useful products can be obtained in order to draw some considerations about the investigated structure. This research aims at suggesting a new philosophy for using 3D models in a diagnostic perspective in order to study structures along with their actual dimensions, their stability and so on. Traditionally, indeed, laser scanning is chosen for artistic and architectural studies and the resulting three-dimensional model represents what often is of concern. Furthermore, the use of more classic techniques, such as total station and digital leveling, and LST is fundamental as an integrated approach for the monitoring of ancient buildings. The integration of different techniques allow a redundancy of observation and the possibility to verify the results obtained form independent techniques as is shown throughout some experimental applications.
Alessandro Capra; Eleonora Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Riccardo Rivola; Marco Dubbini. Recent approaches in geodesy and geomatics for structures monitoring. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 2015, 26, 53 -61.
AMA StyleAlessandro Capra, Eleonora Bertacchini, Cristina Castagnetti, Riccardo Rivola, Marco Dubbini. Recent approaches in geodesy and geomatics for structures monitoring. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali. 2015; 26 (S1):53-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Capra; Eleonora Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Riccardo Rivola; Marco Dubbini. 2015. "Recent approaches in geodesy and geomatics for structures monitoring." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 26, no. S1: 53-61.
The 3D reconstruction with a metric content of a submerged area, where objects and structures of archaeological interest are found, could play an important role in the research and study activities and even in the digitization of the cultural heritage. The reconstruction of 3D object, of interest for archaeologists, constitutes a starting point in the classification and description of object in digital format and for successive fruition by user after delivering through several media. The starting point is a metric evaluation of the site obtained with photogrammetric surveying and appropriate 3D restitution. The authors have been applying the underwater photogrammetric technique since several years using underwater digital cameras and, in this paper, digital low cost cameras (off-the-shelf). Results of tests made on submerged objects with three cameras are presented: © Canon Power Shot G12, © Intova Sport HD e © GoPro HERO 2. The experimentation had the goal to evaluate the precision in self-calibration procedures, essential for multimedia underwater photogrammetry, and to analyze the quality of 3D restitution. Precisions obtained in the calibration and orientation procedures was assessed by using three cameras, and an homogeneous set control points. Data were processed with © Agisoft Photoscan. Successively, 3D models were created and the comparison of the models derived from the use of different cameras was performed. Different potentialities of the used cameras are reported in the discussion section. The 3D restitution of objects and structures was integrated with sea bottom floor morphology in order to achieve a comprehensive description of the site. A possible methodology of survey and representation of submerged objects is therefore illustrated, considering an automatic and a semi-automatic approach.
A. Capra; M. Dubbini; E. Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; F. Mancini. 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERWATER ARCHAELOGICAL SITE: COMPARISON BETWEEN LOW COST CAMERAS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2015, XL-5/W5, 67 -72.
AMA StyleA. Capra, M. Dubbini, E. Bertacchini, Cristina Castagnetti, F. Mancini. 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERWATER ARCHAELOGICAL SITE: COMPARISON BETWEEN LOW COST CAMERAS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2015; XL-5/W5 ():67-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Capra; M. Dubbini; E. Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; F. Mancini. 2015. "3D RECONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERWATER ARCHAELOGICAL SITE: COMPARISON BETWEEN LOW COST CAMERAS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5, no. : 67-72.
The proposed work concerns the analysis of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), also known as drones, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) or UAS (Unmanned Aerial System), on hydrogeological contexts for civil protection purposes, underlying the advantages of using a flexible and relatively low cost system. The capabilities of photogrammetric RPAS multi-sensors platform were examined in term of mapping, creation of orthophotos, 3D models generation, data integration into a 3D GIS (Geographic Information System) and validation through independent techniques such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). The RPAS used (multirotor OktoXL, of the Mikrokopter) was equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver, digital cameras for photos and videos, an inertial navigation system, a radio device for communication and telemetry, etc. This innovative way of viewing and understanding the environment showed huge potentialities for the study of the territory, and due to its characteristics could be well integrated with aircraft surveys. However, such characteristics seem to give priority to local applications for rigorous and accurate analysis, while it remains a means of expeditious investigation for more extended areas. According to civil protection purposes, the experimentation was carried out by simulating operational protocols, for example for inspection, surveillance, monitoring, land mapping, georeferencing methods (with or without Ground Control Points - GCP) based on high resolution topography (2D and 3D information)
Eleonora Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Alessandro Corsini; Stefano De Cono. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for high resolution topography and monitoring: civil protection purposes on hydrogeological contexts. SPIE Remote Sensing 2014, 924515 -924515-10.
AMA StyleEleonora Bertacchini, Cristina Castagnetti, Alessandro Corsini, Stefano De Cono. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for high resolution topography and monitoring: civil protection purposes on hydrogeological contexts. SPIE Remote Sensing. 2014; ():924515-924515-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEleonora Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Alessandro Corsini; Stefano De Cono. 2014. "Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for high resolution topography and monitoring: civil protection purposes on hydrogeological contexts." SPIE Remote Sensing , no. : 924515-924515-10.
Cristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Alessandro Corsini; Riccardo Rivola. A reliable methodology for monitoring unstable slopes: the multi-platform and multi-sensor approach. SPIE Remote Sensing 2014, 92450J -92450J-10.
AMA StyleCristina Castagnetti, Eleonora Bertacchini, Alessandro Corsini, Riccardo Rivola. A reliable methodology for monitoring unstable slopes: the multi-platform and multi-sensor approach. SPIE Remote Sensing. 2014; ():92450J-92450J-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Alessandro Corsini; Riccardo Rivola. 2014. "A reliable methodology for monitoring unstable slopes: the multi-platform and multi-sensor approach." SPIE Remote Sensing , no. : 92450J-92450J-10.
Among the many open-source software solutions recently developed for the extraction of point clouds from a set of un-oriented images, the photogrammetric tools Apero and MicMac (IGN, Institut Géographique National) aim to distinguish themselves by focusing on the accuracy and the metric content of the final result. This paper firstly aims at assessing the accuracy of the simplified and automated calibration procedure offered by the IGN tools. Results obtained with this procedure were compared with those achieved with a test-range calibration approach using a pre-surveyed laboratory test-field. Both direct and a-posteriori validation tests turned out successfully showing the stability and the metric accuracy of the process, even when low textured or reflective surfaces are present in the 3D scene. Afterwards, the possibility of achieving accurate 3D models from the subsequently extracted dense point clouds is also evaluated. Three different types of sculptural elements were chosen as test-objects and "ground-truth" data were acquired with triangulation laser scanners. 3D models derived from point clouds oriented with a simplified relative procedure show a suitable metric accuracy: all comparisons delivered a standard deviation of millimeter-level. The use of Ground Control Points in the orientation phase did not improve significantly the accuracy of the final 3D model, when a small figure-like corbel was used as test-object.
I. Toschi; R. Rivola; E. Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Marco Dubbini; A. Capra. VALIDATION TESTS OF OPEN-SOURCE PROCEDURES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION AND 3D IMAGE-BASED MODELLING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2013, XL-5/W2, 647 -652.
AMA StyleI. Toschi, R. Rivola, E. Bertacchini, Cristina Castagnetti, Marco Dubbini, A. Capra. VALIDATION TESTS OF OPEN-SOURCE PROCEDURES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION AND 3D IMAGE-BASED MODELLING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2013; XL-5/W2 ():647-652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Toschi; R. Rivola; E. Bertacchini; Cristina Castagnetti; Marco Dubbini; A. Capra. 2013. "VALIDATION TESTS OF OPEN-SOURCE PROCEDURES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION AND 3D IMAGE-BASED MODELLING." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W2, no. : 647-652.
A slow moving compound rock slide located in the northern Apennines of Italy was mapped and monitored through the integration of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), multi‐temporal long‐range Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and Automated Total Station (ATS) measurements. Landslide features were mapped using a High Resolution Digital Terrain Model (HR‐DTM) obtained by merging ALS and TLS data in an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) procedure. Slope movements in the order of centimeters to a few decimeters were quantified with Differential TLS (D‐TLS) based on a Surface Matching approach and supported by ATS data to define stable reference surfaces. The integrated approach allowed mapping of the composite geomorphic features of the rock slide under examination, revealing its complex dynamic nature and further proving that laser scanning is a versatile and widely applicable tool for slope process analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alessandro Corsini; Cristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Riccardo Rivola; Francesco Ronchetti; Alessandro Capra. Integrating airborne and multi-temporal long-range terrestrial laser scanning with total station measurements for mapping and monitoring a compound slow moving rock slide. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2013, 38, 1330 -1338.
AMA StyleAlessandro Corsini, Cristina Castagnetti, Eleonora Bertacchini, Riccardo Rivola, Francesco Ronchetti, Alessandro Capra. Integrating airborne and multi-temporal long-range terrestrial laser scanning with total station measurements for mapping and monitoring a compound slow moving rock slide. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2013; 38 (11):1330-1338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Corsini; Cristina Castagnetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Riccardo Rivola; Francesco Ronchetti; Alessandro Capra. 2013. "Integrating airborne and multi-temporal long-range terrestrial laser scanning with total station measurements for mapping and monitoring a compound slow moving rock slide." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38, no. 11: 1330-1338.
National Road SS63 is endangered by large scale slope instability phenomena few km north of the Cerreto Pass (northern Apennines, Italy). At the Col Piagneto slope, SS63 was closed two times in the past 50 years after landslide events. In 1974, the collapse of portion of a rock slide triggered a debris slide that buried more than 50 m of the road track. In 2008, the reactivation of an earth slide in eastern portion of the slope damaged about 400 m of the “new” track built to by-pass the 1974 risk area. In order to evaluate if it is worthwhile keeping the old track open to traffic, or it is maybe better to repair the new track a comprehensive study was financed by Emilia Romagna Region. Research methods included: high resolution DEM, landslides mapping, continuous displacement and groundwater monitoring. Results allowed to assess different semi-quantitative risk scenario for the road structures or vehicles.
Alessandro Corsini; Francesco Ronchetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Francesco Bonacini; Paolo Calicetti; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Elena Piantelli; Giuseppe Caputo; Giovanni Truffelli. Large-Scale Slope Instability Affecting SS63 Near the Cerreto Pass (Northern Apennines, Italy). Landslide Science and Practice 2013, 231 -237.
AMA StyleAlessandro Corsini, Francesco Ronchetti, Eleonora Bertacchini, Francesco Bonacini, Paolo Calicetti, Alessandro Capra, Cristina Castagnetti, Elena Piantelli, Giuseppe Caputo, Giovanni Truffelli. Large-Scale Slope Instability Affecting SS63 Near the Cerreto Pass (Northern Apennines, Italy). Landslide Science and Practice. 2013; ():231-237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Corsini; Francesco Ronchetti; Eleonora Bertacchini; Francesco Bonacini; Paolo Calicetti; Alessandro Capra; Cristina Castagnetti; Elena Piantelli; Giuseppe Caputo; Giovanni Truffelli. 2013. "Large-Scale Slope Instability Affecting SS63 Near the Cerreto Pass (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Landslide Science and Practice , no. : 231-237.