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Assistant Professor of Physical Geography at Coventry University, United Kingdom
This novel research models the impact that commonly used sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have on runoff, and compare this to their land take. As land take is consistently cited as a key barrier to the wider implementation of SuDS, it is essential to understand the possible runoff reduction in relation to the area they take up. SuDS management trains consisting of different combinations of detention basins, green roofs, porous pavement and swales were designed in MicroDrainage. In this study, this is modelled against the 1% Annual Exceedance Potential storm (over 30, 60, 90, 120, 360 and 720 min, under different infiltration scenarios), to determine the possible runoff reduction of each device. Detention basins were consistently the most effective regarding maximum runoff reduction for the land they take (0.419 L/s/m2), with porous pavement the second most effective, achieving 0.145 L/s/m2. As both green roofs (20.34%) and porous pavement (6.76%) account for land that would traditionally be impermeable, there is no net-loss of land compared to a traditional drainage approach. Consequently, although the modelled SuDS management train accounts for 34.86% of the total site, just 7.76% of the land is lost to SuDS, whilst managing flooding for all modelled rainfall and infiltration scenarios.
Craig Lashford; Susanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Matthew Blackett. Modelling the Role of SuDS Management Trains in Minimising Flood Risk, Using MicroDrainage. Water 2020, 12, 2559 .
AMA StyleCraig Lashford, Susanne Charlesworth, Frank Warwick, Matthew Blackett. Modelling the Role of SuDS Management Trains in Minimising Flood Risk, Using MicroDrainage. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCraig Lashford; Susanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Matthew Blackett. 2020. "Modelling the Role of SuDS Management Trains in Minimising Flood Risk, Using MicroDrainage." Water 12, no. 9: 2559.
Programs such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and MicroDrainage have created Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) add-ons that can model the role of different devices in reducing runoff. Modelling SuDS can replicate reduction in water quantity and improvements in water quality. It is an effective way of understanding likely impacts prior to development and can be used to inform policy and best practice procedures. The chapter considers some computer models that have been used to model drainage, have the potential to model SuDS or have been used for that purpose. It presents a case study for modelling the Impacts of a SuDS Management Train at Prior Deram Park, Coventry, UK, Using Microdrainage. This case study is based in the Canley Regeneration Zone (CRZ), 6 km south-west of Coventry city centre, and covers 5 ha in total, part of which was brownfield.
Craig Lashford; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Frank Warwick. Modelling for Design. Sustainable Surface Water Management 2016, 270 -284.
AMA StyleCraig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth, Frank Warwick. Modelling for Design. Sustainable Surface Water Management. 2016; ():270-284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCraig Lashford; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Frank Warwick. 2016. "Modelling for Design." Sustainable Surface Water Management , no. : 270-284.
This chapter provides an introduction to policy, legislation and strategy in relation to surface water management. It consists of a case study that compares surface water legislation in England and Scotland, two constituent countries of the UK. Surface water legislation in developed economies is typically not encapsulated in a single national law implemented consistently across government, but by a range of regulatory measures concerning flooding and water quality at national, regional and local levels. In federal government systems such as the USA, Germany and Australia, high-level policy is enshrined in law at the national level, then interpreted and implemented at the state and further at the regional and/or local level. As in Germany, policy and legislation in the UK is enacted at a number of levels, from international guidance, through national and regional interpretations of that guidance enhanced by strategies, to practical implementation and monitoring at the local level.
Frank Warwick. Surface Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation. Sustainable Surface Water Management 2016, 31 -44.
AMA StyleFrank Warwick. Surface Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation. Sustainable Surface Water Management. 2016; ():31-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrank Warwick. 2016. "Surface Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation." Sustainable Surface Water Management , no. : 31-44.
This chapter compares the two contrasting water management methods whose purpose is to provide flood resilience in cities. It compares the abilities of conventional drainage and sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) to address these issues, their benefits and weaknesses. Hard infrastructure flood management focuses on engineered solutions that reduce flooding of the surrounding area and, as a result, many UK streams in towns and cities have been either culverted or brick lined, which has generated a dependence on these structures during periods of high rainfall. As well as culverting, a number of hard abatement measures have been used both in the UK and internationally to manage high runoff; these are discussed. There are a variety of devices that can be used to control flow rates throughout a SuDS management train and some of these are introduced, including Hydro-brake, and weir.
Craig Lashford; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Frank Warwick. Water Quantity. Sustainable Surface Water Management 2016, 57 -78.
AMA StyleCraig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth, Frank Warwick. Water Quantity. Sustainable Surface Water Management. 2016; ():57-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCraig Lashford; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Frank Warwick. 2016. "Water Quantity." Sustainable Surface Water Management , no. : 57-78.
Sustainable Drainage (SuDS) improves water quality, reduces runoff water quantity, increases amenity and biodiversity benefits, and can also mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, an optimal solution has to be designed to be fit for purpose. Most research concentrates on individual devices, but the focus of this paper is on a full management train, showing the scale-related decision-making process in its design with reference to the city of Coventry, a local government authority in central England. It illustrates this with a large scale site-specific model which identifies the SuDS devices suitable for the area and also at the smaller scale, in order to achieve greenfield runoff rates. A method to create a series of maps using geographical information is shown, to indicate feasible locations for SuDS devices across the local government authority area. Applying the larger scale maps, a management train was designed for a smaller-scale regeneration site using MicroDrainage® software to control runoff at greenfield rates. The generated maps were constructed to provide initial guidance to local government on suitable SuDS at individual sites in a planning area. At all scales, the decision about which device to select was complex and influenced by a range of factors, with slightly different problems encountered. There was overall agreement between large and small scale models.
Susanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Craig Lashford. Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale. Sustainability 2016, 8, 782 .
AMA StyleSusanne Charlesworth, Frank Warwick, Craig Lashford. Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (8):782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Craig Lashford. 2016. "Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale." Sustainability 8, no. 8: 782.
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) constitute an alternative to conventional drainage when managing stormwater in cities, reducing the impact of urbanization by decreasing the amount of runoff generated by a rainfall event. This paper shows the potential benefits of installing different types of SuDS in preventing flooding in comparison with the common urban drainage strategies consisting of sewer networks of manholes and pipes. The impact of these systems on urban water was studied using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which are useful tools when both delineating catchments and parameterizing the elements that define a stormwater drainage system. Taking these GIS-based data as inputs, a series of rainfall–runoff simulations were run in a real catchment located in the city of Donostia (Northern Spain) using stormwater computer models, in order to compare the flow rates and depths produced by a design storm before and after installing SuDS. The proposed methodology overcomes the lack of precision found in former GIS-based stormwater approaches when dealing with the modeling of highly urbanized catchments, while the results demonstrated the usefulness of these systems in reducing the volume of water generated after a rainfall event and their ability to prevent localized flooding and surcharges along the sewer network.
Daniel Jato-Espino; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Joseba R. Bayon; Frank Warwick. Rainfall–Runoff Simulations to Assess the Potential of SuDS for Mitigating Flooding in Highly Urbanized Catchments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 149 .
AMA StyleDaniel Jato-Espino, Susanne M. Charlesworth, Joseba R. Bayon, Frank Warwick. Rainfall–Runoff Simulations to Assess the Potential of SuDS for Mitigating Flooding in Highly Urbanized Catchments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (1):149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Jato-Espino; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Joseba R. Bayon; Frank Warwick. 2016. "Rainfall–Runoff Simulations to Assess the Potential of SuDS for Mitigating Flooding in Highly Urbanized Catchments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 1: 149.
Susanne Charlesworth; Colin A. Booth; Frank Warwick; Craig Lashford; Omolara O. Lade. Rainwater Harvesting - Reaping a Free and Plentiful Supply of Water. Water Resources in the Built Environment 2014, 151 -164.
AMA StyleSusanne Charlesworth, Colin A. Booth, Frank Warwick, Craig Lashford, Omolara O. Lade. Rainwater Harvesting - Reaping a Free and Plentiful Supply of Water. Water Resources in the Built Environment. 2014; ():151-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne Charlesworth; Colin A. Booth; Frank Warwick; Craig Lashford; Omolara O. Lade. 2014. "Rainwater Harvesting - Reaping a Free and Plentiful Supply of Water." Water Resources in the Built Environment , no. : 151-164.
The potential water quantity benefits of various sustainable drainage system (SUDS) management trains compared to conventional pipe‐based drainage systems are examined using the commercially available software WinDes® to model a site at Prior Deram Park, Coventry, UK, by investigating its response to a 1 in 100 years 30, 360, and 720 min winter rainfall event. The site is currently subject to a regeneration plan whereby the Park will be replaced with 250 houses. The housing layout was designed in ArcGIS and transferred to WinDes® and flood hydrographs of the likely outflow from each system simulated. The outputs from each system were then compared and it was found that an 88% reduction of peak flow was achieved using a SUDS management train that consisted of green roofs, porous paving, swales and dry detention ponds in comparison to pipe based drainage systems. The type of SUDS also appears critical; detention ponds can reduce peak flow by 82.9% when compared to systems without detention ponds. It is however likely that some form of flow control will be required at the outflow point as the peak runoff generated was significantly higher than acceptable values of 23 L/s for the site.
Craig Lashford; Susanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Matthew Blackett. Deconstructing the Sustainable Drainage Management Train in Terms of Water Quantity - Preliminary Results for Coventry, UK. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2014, 42, 187 -192.
AMA StyleCraig Lashford, Susanne Charlesworth, Frank Warwick, Matthew Blackett. Deconstructing the Sustainable Drainage Management Train in Terms of Water Quantity - Preliminary Results for Coventry, UK. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2014; 42 (2):187-192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCraig Lashford; Susanne Charlesworth; Frank Warwick; Matthew Blackett. 2014. "Deconstructing the Sustainable Drainage Management Train in Terms of Water Quantity - Preliminary Results for Coventry, UK." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 42, no. 2: 187-192.
This paper reviews the devices suitable for building scale application and then outlines three case studies, two from Coventry, UK and one from Valencia, Spain. The first assesses the potential to retrofit an extensive green roof to the Frederick Lanchester Library, Coventry University. Costings are given, the structural strength of the building is investigated and various benefits of its installation, including potential to sequester and store carbon, are assessed. The second reports part of the AQUAVAL Project, Spain, whereby an extensive green roof was retrofitted to half of a school roof and porous concrete retrofitted to a pavement. Preliminary monitoring results show expected benefits, including attenuation of the storm peak and increased time to peak. The third case study using WinDes® software compared a conventionally drained new-build housing estate with a Sustainable Drainage Systems train of porous paving, bioretention and swales. Stormwater volume was reduced by ∼20% and peak flow by >250 L s–1. Addition of extensive green roofs to all buildings increased these differences and delayed return to baseflow conditions reflecting water stored in the management train components.
S. M. Charlesworth; S. Perales-Momparler; Craig Lashford; Frank Warwick. The sustainable management of surface water at the building scale: preliminary results of case studies in the UK and Spain. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 2013, 62, 534 -544.
AMA StyleS. M. Charlesworth, S. Perales-Momparler, Craig Lashford, Frank Warwick. The sustainable management of surface water at the building scale: preliminary results of case studies in the UK and Spain. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua. 2013; 62 (8):534-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. M. Charlesworth; S. Perales-Momparler; Craig Lashford; Frank Warwick. 2013. "The sustainable management of surface water at the building scale: preliminary results of case studies in the UK and Spain." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 62, no. 8: 534-544.
Frank Warwick; Susanne Charlesworth. Sustainable drainage devices for carbon mitigation. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 2012, 24, 123 -136.
AMA StyleFrank Warwick, Susanne Charlesworth. Sustainable drainage devices for carbon mitigation. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. 2012; 24 (1):123-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrank Warwick; Susanne Charlesworth. 2012. "Sustainable drainage devices for carbon mitigation." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 24, no. 1: 123-136.
Many tonnes of compost are generated per year due to door step composting of both garden and kitchen waste. Whilst there are commercial outlets for the finer grade of compost (< 10 mm) in plant nurseries, there is little demand for the coarser material (> 25 mm). This paper reports part of a WRAP-sponsored (Waste Resources Action Programme) study which investigated the potential for green (GC) and mixed green and food (MC) composts to be incorporated into Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) devices such as swales, and replace the topsoil (TS) onto which turf is laid or grass seed distributed. However, it is not known whether compost can replace TS in terms of pollutant remediation, both the trapping of polluted particulates and in dealing with hydrocarbons such as oil, but also from a biofilm development and activity perspective. Using laboratory based experiments utilising leaching columns and an investigation of microbiological development in the composts studied, it was found that many of the differences in performance between MC and GC were insignificant, whilst both composts performed better in terms of pollutant retention than TS. Mixed compost in particular could be used in devices where there may be oil spillages, such as the lorry park of a Motorway Service Area due to its efficiency in degrading oil. Samples of GC and MC were found to contain many of the bacteria and fungi necessary for an active and efficient biofilm which would be an argument in their favour for replacement of TS and incorporation in swales.
S.M. Charlesworth; Ernest Nnadi; O. Oyelola; James Bennett; Frank Warwick; R. Jackson; D. Lawson. Laboratory based experiments to assess the use of green and food based compost to improve water quality in a Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) device such as a swale. Science of The Total Environment 2012, 424, 337 -343.
AMA StyleS.M. Charlesworth, Ernest Nnadi, O. Oyelola, James Bennett, Frank Warwick, R. Jackson, D. Lawson. Laboratory based experiments to assess the use of green and food based compost to improve water quality in a Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) device such as a swale. Science of The Total Environment. 2012; 424 ():337-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.M. Charlesworth; Ernest Nnadi; O. Oyelola; James Bennett; Frank Warwick; R. Jackson; D. Lawson. 2012. "Laboratory based experiments to assess the use of green and food based compost to improve water quality in a Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) device such as a swale." Science of The Total Environment 424, no. : 337-343.