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In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic framework (MOF) powder was prepared via the solvothermal method using 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC) as the organic linker and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The thermal decomposition of the pristine cobalt-based MOF sample (CN−R) was identified using a thermogravimetric examination (TGA). The morphology and structure of the MOFs were modified during the pyrolysis process at three different temperatures: 300, 400, and 500 °C, which labeled as CN−300, CN−400, and CN−500, respectively. The results were evidenced via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size of all samples was calculated using Scherrer’s equation. The smallest crystallite size of 7.77 nm was calculated for the CN−300 sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were acquired for all the samples. The graphical study of the cyclic voltammogram (CV) gave the reduction and oxidation peaks. The charge transfer resistance and ionic conductivity were studied using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) responses of all samples were analyzed. The relatively high specific capacitance of 229 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 was achieved in the sample CN−300, whereby 110% of capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles. These findings highlighted the durability of the electrode materials at high current densities over a long cycle.
Ibnu Imaduddin; Siti Majid; Shujahadeen Aziz; Iver Brevik; Siti Yusuf; M. Brza; Salah Saed; Mohd Kadir. Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application. Materials 2021, 14, 573 .
AMA StyleIbnu Imaduddin, Siti Majid, Shujahadeen Aziz, Iver Brevik, Siti Yusuf, M. Brza, Salah Saed, Mohd Kadir. Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbnu Imaduddin; Siti Majid; Shujahadeen Aziz; Iver Brevik; Siti Yusuf; M. Brza; Salah Saed; Mohd Kadir. 2021. "Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application." Materials 14, no. 3: 573.
A series of alternating copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) flanked by thienyl moieties as electron-donor units and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units were designed and synthesized for solar cell applications. Different solubilizing side chains, including 2-ethylhexyl chains and n-octyl chains were attached to CPDT units, whereas 3,7-dimethyloctyl chains and n-octyl chains were anchored to the BTDI moieties. The impact of these substituents on the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO was synthesized via Suzuki polymerization, whereas PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO, and PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, 8 were prepared through direct arylation polymerization. PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO has the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 17,400 g mol−1) among all polymers prepared. The PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO and PCPDTDTBTDI-8, 8 which have n-octyl substituents on their CPDT units have comparable optical band gaps (Eg ~ 1.3 eV), which are around 0.1 eV lower than PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO analogues that have 2-ethylhexyl substituents on their CPDT units. The polymers have their HOMO levels between −5.10 and −5.22 eV with PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO having the deepest highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the polymers are between −3.4 and −3.5 eV. All polymers exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures surpassing 350 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have the amorphous nature in solid state.
Ary R. Murad; Ahmed Iraqi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Sozan N. Abdullah; Mohamad A. Brza; Salah R. Saeed; Rebar T. Abdulwahid. Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties. Polymers 2020, 13, 63 .
AMA StyleAry R. Murad, Ahmed Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Sozan N. Abdullah, Mohamad A. Brza, Salah R. Saeed, Rebar T. Abdulwahid. Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties. Polymers. 2020; 13 (1):63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAry R. Murad; Ahmed Iraqi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Sozan N. Abdullah; Mohamad A. Brza; Salah R. Saeed; Rebar T. Abdulwahid. 2020. "Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties." Polymers 13, no. 1: 63.
The polymer electrolyte based on Dx:Cs:Mg(CH3COO)2:Ni with three different glycerol concentrations have been prepared. The impedance study has verified that the electrolyte with 42 wt.% of glycerol (A3) has the highest ionic conductivity of 7.71 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature. The ionic conductivity is found to be influenced by the transport parameters. From the dielectric analysis, it was shown that the electrolytes in this system obeyed the non-Debye behavior. The A3 electrolyte exhibited a dominancy of ions (tion > te) with a breakdown voltage of 2.08 V. The fabricated electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) achieved the specific capacitance values of 24.46 F/g and 39.68 F/g via the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve and the charge–discharge profile, respectively. The other significant parameters to evaluate the performance of EDLC have been determined, such as internal resistance (186.80 to 202.27 Ω) energy density (4.46 Wh/kg), power density (500.58 to 558.57 W/kg) and efficiency (92.88%).
Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah R. Saeed; Yuhanees M. Yusof; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Shakhawan Al-Zangana; Wrya O. Karim; Mohd. F. Z. Kadir. Solid-State EDLC Device Based on Magnesium Ion-Conducting Biopolymer Composite Membrane Electrolytes: Impedance, Circuit Modeling, Dielectric Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics. Membranes 2020, 10, 389 .
AMA StyleAhmad S. F. M. Asnawi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Salah R. Saeed, Yuhanees M. Yusof, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Shakhawan Al-Zangana, Wrya O. Karim, Mohd. F. Z. Kadir. Solid-State EDLC Device Based on Magnesium Ion-Conducting Biopolymer Composite Membrane Electrolytes: Impedance, Circuit Modeling, Dielectric Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics. Membranes. 2020; 10 (12):389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad S. F. M. Asnawi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah R. Saeed; Yuhanees M. Yusof; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Shakhawan Al-Zangana; Wrya O. Karim; Mohd. F. Z. Kadir. 2020. "Solid-State EDLC Device Based on Magnesium Ion-Conducting Biopolymer Composite Membrane Electrolytes: Impedance, Circuit Modeling, Dielectric Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics." Membranes 10, no. 12: 389.
Plasticized lithium-ion-based-conducting polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA):chitosan (CS) polymer was prepared using a solution cast technique. The conductivity of the polymer electrolyte system was found to be 8.457 × 10−4 S/cm, a critical factor for electrochemical device applications. It is indicated that the number density (n), diffusion coefficient (D), and mobility (μ) of ions are increased with the concentration of glycerol. High values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss were observed at low frequency region. A correlation was found between the dielectric constant and DC conductivity. The achieved transference number of ions (tion) and electrons (te) for the highest conducting plasticized sample were determined to be 0.989 and 0.011, respectively. The electrochemical stability for the highest conducting sample was 1.94 V, indicated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response displayed no redox reaction peaks through its entire potential range. Through the constructing electric double-layer capacitor, the energy storage capacity of the highest conducting sample was investigated. All decisive parameters of the EDLC were determined. At the first cycle, the specific capacitance, internal resistance, energy density, and power density were found to be 130 F/g, 80 Ω, 14.5 Wh/kg, and 1100 W/kg, respectively.
Mohamad Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah Raza Saeed; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Siti Rohana Majid; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties. Membranes 2020, 10, 381 .
AMA StyleMohamad Brza, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Salah Raza Saeed, Muhamad H. Hamsan, Siti Rohana Majid, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Mohd F. Z. Kadir, Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties. Membranes. 2020; 10 (12):381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah Raza Saeed; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Siti Rohana Majid; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. 2020. "Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties." Membranes 10, no. 12: 381.
In this study, biopolymer composite electrolytes based on chitosan:ammonium iodide:Zn(II)-complex plasticized with glycerol were successfully prepared using the solution casting technique. Various electrical and electrochemical parameters of the biopolymer composite electrolytes’ films were evaluated prior to device application. The highest conducting plasticized membrane was found to have a conductivity of 1.17 × 10−4 S/cm. It is shown that the number density, mobility, and diffusion coefficient of cations and anions fractions are increased with the glycerol amount. Field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques are used to study the morphology and structure of the films. The non-Debye type of relaxation process was confirmed from the peak appearance of the dielectric relaxation study. The obtained transference number of ions (cations and anions) and electrons for the highest conducting sample were identified to be 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry shows that the electrochemical stability of the highest conducting plasticized system is 1.37 V. The cyclic voltammetry response displayed no redox reaction peaks over its entire potential range. It was discovered that the addition of Zn(II)-complex and glycerol plasticizer improved the electric double-layer capacitor device performances. Numerous crucial parameters of the electric double-layer capacitor device were obtained from the charge-discharge profile. The prepared electric double-layer capacitor device showed that the initial values of specific capacitance, equivalence series resistance, energy density, and power density are 36 F/g, 177 Ω, 4.1 Wh/kg, and 480 W/kg, respectively.
Jihad M. Hadi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah R. Saeed; Mohamad A. Brza; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Ranjdar M. Abdullah; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; S. K. Muzakir. Investigation of Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Performance of Plasticized Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Proton Conducting Polymer Composite Electrolytes. Membranes 2020, 10, 363 .
AMA StyleJihad M. Hadi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Salah R. Saeed, Mohamad A. Brza, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Muhamad H. Hamsan, Ranjdar M. Abdullah, Mohd F. Z. Kadir, S. K. Muzakir. Investigation of Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Performance of Plasticized Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Proton Conducting Polymer Composite Electrolytes. Membranes. 2020; 10 (11):363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJihad M. Hadi; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah R. Saeed; Mohamad A. Brza; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Ranjdar M. Abdullah; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; S. K. Muzakir. 2020. "Investigation of Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Performance of Plasticized Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Proton Conducting Polymer Composite Electrolytes." Membranes 10, no. 11: 363.
In the present work, phthaloyl chitosan (PhCh)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, ethyl carbonate (EC) as a co-solvent, and a set of five quaternaries of potassium iodide (KI) as a doping salt, which is a mixed composition of iodine (I2). The prepared GPEs were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) to observe the effectiveness of the electrolyte, using mesoporous TiO2, which was sensitized with N3 dye as the sensitizer. The incorporation of the potassium iodide-based redox couple in a polymer electrolyte is fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The number of compositions was based on the chemical equation, which is 1:1 for KI:I2. The electrical performance of prepared GPE systems have been assessed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and dielectric permittivity. The improvement in the ionic conductivity of PhCh-based GPE was observed with the rise of salt concentration, and the maximum ionic conductivity (4.94 × 10−2 S cm−1) was achieved for the 0.0012 mol of KI:I2. The study of dielectric permittivity displays that ions with a high dielectric constant are associated with a high concentration of added ions. Furthermore, the gel polymer electrolyte samples were applied to DSSCs to detect the conversion effectiveness of the electrolytes. For electrolytes containing various content of KI:I2 the highest conversion efficiency (η%) of DSSC obtained was 3.57% with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.33 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.37 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.47, as well as a conductivity of 2.08 × 10−2 S cm−1.
Aimi Mahirah Zulkifli; Nur Izzah Aqilah Mat Said; Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz; Elham Mohammed Ali Dannoun; Shameer Hisham; Shahan Shah; Amnani Abu Bakar; Zul Hazrin Zainal; Hairul Anuar Tajuddin; Jihad Mohammed Hadi; Mohamad Ali Brza; Salah Raza Saeed; Peshawa Omer Amin. Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Assembled from Modified Chitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with Potassium Iodide. Molecules 2020, 25, 4115 .
AMA StyleAimi Mahirah Zulkifli, Nur Izzah Aqilah Mat Said, Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz, Elham Mohammed Ali Dannoun, Shameer Hisham, Shahan Shah, Amnani Abu Bakar, Zul Hazrin Zainal, Hairul Anuar Tajuddin, Jihad Mohammed Hadi, Mohamad Ali Brza, Salah Raza Saeed, Peshawa Omer Amin. Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Assembled from Modified Chitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with Potassium Iodide. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAimi Mahirah Zulkifli; Nur Izzah Aqilah Mat Said; Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz; Elham Mohammed Ali Dannoun; Shameer Hisham; Shahan Shah; Amnani Abu Bakar; Zul Hazrin Zainal; Hairul Anuar Tajuddin; Jihad Mohammed Hadi; Mohamad Ali Brza; Salah Raza Saeed; Peshawa Omer Amin. 2020. "Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Assembled from Modified Chitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with Potassium Iodide." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4115.
In this study, plasticized films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): chitosan (CS) based electrolyte impregnated with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) were successfully prepared using a solution-casting technique. The structural features of the electrolyte films were investigated through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The enrichment of the amorphous phase with increasing glycerol concentration was confirmed by observing broad humps. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) portrays the improvement of ionic conductivity from 10−5 S/cm to 10−3 S/cm upon the addition of plasticizer. The electrolytes incorporated with 28 wt.% and 42 wt.% of glycerol were observed to be mainly ionic conductor as the ionic transference number measurement (TNM) was found to be 0.97 and 0.989, respectively. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) investigation indicates that the maximum conducting sample is stable up to 2 V. An electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used to make an energy storage electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot depicts no distinguishable peaks in the polarization curve, which means no redox reaction has occurred at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The fabricated EDLC displays the initial specific capacitance, equivalent series resistance, energy density, and power density of 35.5 F/g, 65 Ω, 4.9 Wh/kg, and 399 W/kg, respectively.
Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Jihad M. Hadi; Elham M. A. Dannoun; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Salah R. Saeed; Ayub Shahab Marf; Wrya O. Karim; Mohd F.Z. Kadir. The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application. Polymers 2020, 12, 1938 .
AMA StyleShujahadeen B. Aziz, Jihad M. Hadi, Elham M. A. Dannoun, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Salah R. Saeed, Ayub Shahab Marf, Wrya O. Karim, Mohd F.Z. Kadir. The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application. Polymers. 2020; 12 (9):1938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShujahadeen B. Aziz; Jihad M. Hadi; Elham M. A. Dannoun; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Salah R. Saeed; Ayub Shahab Marf; Wrya O. Karim; Mohd F.Z. Kadir. 2020. "The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application." Polymers 12, no. 9: 1938.
In the present work it was shown that low lattice energy ammonium salts are not favorable for polymer electrolyte preparation for electrochemical device applications. Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:poly(ethylene oxide) (CS:PEO) incorporated with various amounts of low lattice energy NH4BF4ammonium salt have been prepared using the solution cast technique. Both structural and morphological studies were carried out to understand the phenomenon of ion association. Sharp peaks appeared in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the samples with high salt concentration. The degree of crystallinity increased from 8.52 to 65.84 as the salt concentration increased up to 40 wt.%. These are correlated to the leakage of the associated anions and cations of the salt to the surface of the polymer. The structural behaviors were further confirmed by morphological study. The morphological results revealed the large-sized protruded salts at high salt concentration. Based on lattice energy of salts, the phenomena of salt leakage were interpreted. Ammonium salts with lattice energy lower than 600 kJ/mol are not preferred for polymer electrolyte preparation due to the significant tendency of ion association among cations and anions. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate the conductivity of the samples. It was found that the bulk resistance increased from 1.1 × 104 ohm to 0.7 × 105 ohm when the salt concentration raised from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, respectively; due to the association of cations and anions. The low value of direct current (DC) conductivity (7.93 × 10−7 S/cm) addressed the non-suitability of the electrolytes for electrochemical device applications. The calculated values of the capacitance over the interfaces of electrodes-electrolytes (C2) were found to drop from 1.32 × 10−6 F to 3.13 × 10−7 F with increasing salt concentration. The large values of dielectric constant at low frequencies are correlated to the electrode polarization phenomena while their decrements with rising frequency are attributed to the lag of ion polarization in respect of the fast orientation of the applied alternating current (AC) field. The imaginary part of the electric modulus shows obvious peaks known as conduction relaxation peaks.
Mohamad A. Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Muaffaq M. Nofal; Salah R. Saeed; Shakhawan Al-Zangana; Wrya O. Karim; Sarkawt A. Hussen; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir. Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes. Polymers 2020, 12, 1885 .
AMA StyleMohamad A. Brza, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Muaffaq M. Nofal, Salah R. Saeed, Shakhawan Al-Zangana, Wrya O. Karim, Sarkawt A. Hussen, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Mohd F. Z. Kadir. Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes. Polymers. 2020; 12 (9):1885.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad A. Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Muaffaq M. Nofal; Salah R. Saeed; Shakhawan Al-Zangana; Wrya O. Karim; Sarkawt A. Hussen; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir. 2020. "Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes." Polymers 12, no. 9: 1885.
In this study, solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) based on chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) salt were synthesized using a solution cast technique. Both Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed a strong interaction and dispersion of the amorphous region within the CS:MC system in the presence of NH4F. To gain better insights into the electrical properties of the samples, the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were analyzed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) modeling. The highest conductivity of 2.96 x 10−3 S cm−1 was recorded for the sample incorporated with 40 wt.% of NH4F. Through transference number measurement (TNM) analysis, the fraction of ions was specified. The electrochemical stability of the electrolyte sample was found to be up to 2.3 V via the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The value of specific capacitance was determined to be around 58.3 F/g. The stability test showed that the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) system can be recharged and discharged for up to 100 cycles with an average specific capacitance of 64.1 F/g. The synthesized EDLC cell was found to exhibit high efficiency (90%). In the 1st cycle, the values of internal resistance, energy density and power density of the EDLC cell were determined to be 65 Ω, 9.3 Wh/kg and 1282 W/kg, respectively.
Shujahadeen B. B. Aziz; Muhamad. H. H. Hamsan; Muaffaq M. M. Nofal; Saro San; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Salah Raza Raza Saeed; Mohamad A. Brza; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Sewara J. Mohammed; Shakhawan Al-Zangana. From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes. Polymers 2020, 12, 1526 .
AMA StyleShujahadeen B. B. Aziz, Muhamad. H. H. Hamsan, Muaffaq M. M. Nofal, Saro San, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Salah Raza Raza Saeed, Mohamad A. Brza, Mohd F. Z. Kadir, Sewara J. Mohammed, Shakhawan Al-Zangana. From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes. Polymers. 2020; 12 (7):1526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShujahadeen B. B. Aziz; Muhamad. H. H. Hamsan; Muaffaq M. M. Nofal; Saro San; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Salah Raza Raza Saeed; Mohamad A. Brza; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Sewara J. Mohammed; Shakhawan Al-Zangana. 2020. "From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes." Polymers 12, no. 7: 1526.