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Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural heritage value of these buildings and the consciousness of public opinion have led to a need for safeguarding and preservation policies for these architecturally valued buildings and urban aggregates. This paper provides the information on the constructive and structural details of the old buildings dating from the 12th to 19th century in the Bay of Kotor and discusses their seismic and dynamic behaviour, identifying structural fragilities and consequently their vulnerability. One factor that significantly influences the seismic vulnerability is the quality of workmanship, which has, in conjunction with the lack of maintenance of the buildings, increased the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry buildings in general. Masonry constructions represent an important part of Montenegrin Architectural Heritage. The existing heritage masonry buildings in the Bay of Kotor suffered major earthquakes with repairs ranging from minor repairs to partial rebuilding. No degree of seismic resistance to any potentially severe shaking levels has been determined for the surviving buildings. The lack of strategies, policies and actions by the institutions responsible for this domain in the course of the second half of the 20th century drove these buildings to the state of serious degradation. The adoption of intrusive and inadequate rehabilitation and conservation practices, using new materials and construction techniques on structural and nonstructural elements, has strayed away from traditional knowledge and practices. The main objective of this research is understanding the whole building process that underpins a historical construction, and building techniques and other methods applied in building the architectural and engineering structures constituting the present Historical Heritage in Montenegro.
Dušan Tomanović; Ljubo Marković; Nebojša Gadžić; Irena Rajković; Julija Aleksić; Tijana Tomanović. Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3544 .
AMA StyleDušan Tomanović, Ljubo Marković, Nebojša Gadžić, Irena Rajković, Julija Aleksić, Tijana Tomanović. Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDušan Tomanović; Ljubo Marković; Nebojša Gadžić; Irena Rajković; Julija Aleksić; Tijana Tomanović. 2021. "Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3544.
The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and influenced by historical events, saw the development of rural settlements that are historically, artistically and culturally worthy of recognition. These stone settlements were acquired completely spontaneously, keeping the same pace as the settling, and transformed to some degree due to contemporary social movement and migration. Up until the middle of the 20th century, structures on the coastline in general were built by applying the same verified methods, which remained unchanged for centuries. Unreinforced stone walls as load-bearing vertical elements, coupled with wooden floor joists attached in a traditional way are typically present in the stone architecture of the Adriatic region and karst areas in general. The construction characteristics of the stone houses built in such a way meet all needs in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and are suitable for the coastal climate of this region. The fast-paced development in the past 50 years, the inadequate legal protection of residential buildings in the Bay of Kotor, poverty, and the new rich have brought about the devastation of not only buildings built in traditional architecture styles themselves, but also the urban landscape of the bay. Throughout the Bay of Kotor, buildings built in traditional architecture styles are nowadays more and more rare to see in their original shape—houses outside of cities but which display all characteristics of civic coastal houses and buildings free of rigid style rules, even though closely in contact with them. Regardless of efforts to preserve the heritage inherited by our ancestors, cultural monuments and houses referenced here deteriorate on a daily basis due to troubles and neglect.
Dušan Tomanović; Irena Rajković; Mirko Grbić; Julija Aleksić; Nebojša Gadžić; Jasmina Lukić; Tijana Tomanović. Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Sustainability 2019, 11, 3866 .
AMA StyleDušan Tomanović, Irena Rajković, Mirko Grbić, Julija Aleksić, Nebojša Gadžić, Jasmina Lukić, Tijana Tomanović. Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDušan Tomanović; Irena Rajković; Mirko Grbić; Julija Aleksić; Nebojša Gadžić; Jasmina Lukić; Tijana Tomanović. 2019. "Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3866.
The subject of the research is manifestation of urban space devastation in Podgorica through monitoring and influences which cause it. Theoretically, the paper represents a wider study of devastation genesis as an occurrence which negatively affects the urban concept of the city. Apart from the study of reasons and conditions which lead to urban space devastation, a particular significance of this research lies in the suggested mechanisms for the resolving of detected irregularities. The primary significance of the identification of devastation and its participants represents the achievement of the goal to offer effective and practical concept that should assist in preventing further urban space devastation, both in Podgorica and urban areas in general.
Dragan Komatina; Saja Kosanović; Julija Aleksić. Urban Devastation: the Case Study of Podgorica, the Capital of Montenegro. Architecture and Urban Planning 2016, 12, 52 -58.
AMA StyleDragan Komatina, Saja Kosanović, Julija Aleksić. Urban Devastation: the Case Study of Podgorica, the Capital of Montenegro. Architecture and Urban Planning. 2016; 12 (1):52-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDragan Komatina; Saja Kosanović; Julija Aleksić. 2016. "Urban Devastation: the Case Study of Podgorica, the Capital of Montenegro." Architecture and Urban Planning 12, no. 1: 52-58.
Julija Aleksić; Saja Kosanović; Dušan Tomanović; Mirko Grbić; Vera Murgul. Housing and Climate Change-related Disasters: A Study on Architectural Typology and Practice. Procedia Engineering 2016, 165, 869 -875.
AMA StyleJulija Aleksić, Saja Kosanović, Dušan Tomanović, Mirko Grbić, Vera Murgul. Housing and Climate Change-related Disasters: A Study on Architectural Typology and Practice. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 165 ():869-875.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulija Aleksić; Saja Kosanović; Dušan Tomanović; Mirko Grbić; Vera Murgul. 2016. "Housing and Climate Change-related Disasters: A Study on Architectural Typology and Practice." Procedia Engineering 165, no. : 869-875.
The overall human progress continuously stimulates the transformation of the notion of architecture and enhances the development of new architectural forms. In line with the thesis that only sustainable architecture allows the fulfilment of contemporary requirements to full extent, this paper explores the variety of developed mobile educational spaces, classifies them into types and analyses their sustainability aspects. The analysis aims to define the cases and needs to which mobile educational spaces respond best, i.e. according to which their utilization is justifiable. The results open a new research debate on the relationship between sustainability and the duration of utilization.
Julija Aleksić; Saja Kosanović; Dragan Komatina; Eva Vaništa Lazarević. Justification of the Concept of Mobile Educational Spaces: a Study on Typology and Sustainability. Architecture and Urban Planning 2015, 10, 55 -59.
AMA StyleJulija Aleksić, Saja Kosanović, Dragan Komatina, Eva Vaništa Lazarević. Justification of the Concept of Mobile Educational Spaces: a Study on Typology and Sustainability. Architecture and Urban Planning. 2015; 10 (1):55-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulija Aleksić; Saja Kosanović; Dragan Komatina; Eva Vaništa Lazarević. 2015. "Justification of the Concept of Mobile Educational Spaces: a Study on Typology and Sustainability." Architecture and Urban Planning 10, no. 1: 55-59.