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Water scarcity forces the science to find the most environmentally friendly propulsion technology for supplying plentiful freshwater at low energy costs. Membrane Distillation well meets criteria of eco-friendly management of natural resources, but it is not yet competitive on scale. Herein, we use a dichalchogenide compound (Bi2Te3) as a conceivable source to accelerate the redesign of advanced membranes technologies such as thermally driven membrane distillation. A procedure based on assisted dispersant liquid phase exfoliation is used to fill PVDF membranes. Key insights are gained in the crucial role of this topological material confined in hydrophobic membranes dedicated to recovery of freshwater from synthetic seawater. Intensified water flux together with reduced energy consumption is obtained into one pot, thereby gathering ultrafast production and thermal efficiency in a single device. Bi2Te3-enabled membranes show ability to reduce the resistance to mass transfer while high resistance to heat loss is opposite. Permeate flux is kept stable and salt rejection is higher than 99.99% during 23 h-MD test. Our results confirm the effectiveness of chalcogenides as frontier materials for new-concept water desalination through breakthrough thermally-driven membrane distillation, which is regarded as a new low-energy and sustainable solution to address the growing demand for access to freshwater.
M. Frappa; A.E. Del Rio Castillo; F. Macedonio; G. Di Luca; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. Exfoliated Bi2Te3-enabled membranes for new concept water desalination: Freshwater production meets new routes. Water Research 2021, 203, 117503 .
AMA StyleM. Frappa, A.E. Del Rio Castillo, F. Macedonio, G. Di Luca, E. Drioli, A. Gugliuzza. Exfoliated Bi2Te3-enabled membranes for new concept water desalination: Freshwater production meets new routes. Water Research. 2021; 203 ():117503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Frappa; A.E. Del Rio Castillo; F. Macedonio; G. Di Luca; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. 2021. "Exfoliated Bi2Te3-enabled membranes for new concept water desalination: Freshwater production meets new routes." Water Research 203, no. : 117503.
Membrane crystallization (MCr) is a promising and innovative process for the recovery of freshwater from seawater and for the production of salt crystals from the brine streams of desalination plants. In the present work, composite polymeric membranes for membrane crystallization were fabricated using graphene and bismuth telluride inks prepared according to the wet-jet milling (WJM) technology. A comparison between PVDF-based membranes containing a few layers of graphene or bismuth telluride and PVDF-pristine membranes was carried out. Among the 2D composite membranes, PVDF with bismuth telluride at higher concentration (7%) exhibited the highest flux (about 3.9 L∙m−2h−1, in MCr experiments performed with 5 M NaCl solution as feed, and at a temperature of 34 ± 0.2 °C at the feed side and 11 ± 0.2 °C at the permeate side). The confinement of graphene and bismuth telluride in PVDF membranes produced more uniform NaCl crystals with respect to the pristine PVDF membrane, especially in the case of few-layer graphene. All the membranes showed rejection equal to or higher than 99.9% (up to 99.99% in the case of the membrane with graphene). The high rejection together with the good trans-membrane flux confirmed the interesting performance of the process, without any wetting phenomena, at least during the performed crystallization tests.
Mirko Frappa; Francesca Macedonio; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Wanqin Jin; Enrico Drioli. Performance of PVDF Based Membranes with 2D Materials for Membrane Assisted-Crystallization Process. Membranes 2021, 11, 302 .
AMA StyleMirko Frappa, Francesca Macedonio, Annarosa Gugliuzza, Wanqin Jin, Enrico Drioli. Performance of PVDF Based Membranes with 2D Materials for Membrane Assisted-Crystallization Process. Membranes. 2021; 11 (5):302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirko Frappa; Francesca Macedonio; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Wanqin Jin; Enrico Drioli. 2021. "Performance of PVDF Based Membranes with 2D Materials for Membrane Assisted-Crystallization Process." Membranes 11, no. 5: 302.
Better-quality few-layer graphene is prepared for the enhanced performance of nanocomposite membranes dedicated to desalination through a membrane distillation process.
Mirko Frappa; Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo; Francesca Macedonio; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli; Francesco Bonaccorso; Vittorio Pellegrini; Annarosa Gugliuzza. A few-layer graphene for advanced composite PVDF membranes dedicated to water desalination: a comparative study. Nanoscale Advances 2020, 2, 4728 -4739.
AMA StyleMirko Frappa, Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo, Francesca Macedonio, Antonio Politano, Enrico Drioli, Francesco Bonaccorso, Vittorio Pellegrini, Annarosa Gugliuzza. A few-layer graphene for advanced composite PVDF membranes dedicated to water desalination: a comparative study. Nanoscale Advances. 2020; 2 (10):4728-4739.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirko Frappa; Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo; Francesca Macedonio; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli; Francesco Bonaccorso; Vittorio Pellegrini; Annarosa Gugliuzza. 2020. "A few-layer graphene for advanced composite PVDF membranes dedicated to water desalination: a comparative study." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 10: 4728-4739.
Advanced graphene engineered membranes designed for sustainable crystallization of high-quality crystals from hypersaline water.
Maria Luisa Perrotta; Francesca Macedonio; Elena Tocci; Lidietta Giorno; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza. Graphene stimulates the nucleation and growth rate of NaCl crystals from hypersaline solution via membrane crystallization. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2020, 6, 1723 -1736.
AMA StyleMaria Luisa Perrotta, Francesca Macedonio, Elena Tocci, Lidietta Giorno, Enrico Drioli, Annarosa Gugliuzza. Graphene stimulates the nucleation and growth rate of NaCl crystals from hypersaline solution via membrane crystallization. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2020; 6 (6):1723-1736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Luisa Perrotta; Francesca Macedonio; Elena Tocci; Lidietta Giorno; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza. 2020. "Graphene stimulates the nucleation and growth rate of NaCl crystals from hypersaline solution via membrane crystallization." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 6: 1723-1736.
Atomistic simulations of graphene–PVDF membranes speeding up NaCl crystal nucleation and growth in comparison to the pristine PVDF membranes.
Maria Luisa Perrotta; Francesca Macedonio; Lidietta Giorno; Wanqin Jin; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Elena Tocci. Molecular insights on NaCl crystal formation approaching PVDF membranes functionalized with graphene. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2020, 22, 7817 -7827.
AMA StyleMaria Luisa Perrotta, Francesca Macedonio, Lidietta Giorno, Wanqin Jin, Enrico Drioli, Annarosa Gugliuzza, Elena Tocci. Molecular insights on NaCl crystal formation approaching PVDF membranes functionalized with graphene. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2020; 22 (15):7817-7827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Luisa Perrotta; Francesca Macedonio; Lidietta Giorno; Wanqin Jin; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Elena Tocci. 2020. "Molecular insights on NaCl crystal formation approaching PVDF membranes functionalized with graphene." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 15: 7817-7827.
Graphene-assisted water vapour transport for water desalination.
E. Gontarek; F. Macedonio; F. Militano; L. Giorno; M. Lieder; A. Politano; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. Adsorption-assisted transport of water vapour in super-hydrophobic membranes filled with multilayer graphene platelets. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 11521 -11529.
AMA StyleE. Gontarek, F. Macedonio, F. Militano, L. Giorno, M. Lieder, A. Politano, E. Drioli, A. Gugliuzza. Adsorption-assisted transport of water vapour in super-hydrophobic membranes filled with multilayer graphene platelets. Nanoscale. 2019; 11 (24):11521-11529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Gontarek; F. Macedonio; F. Militano; L. Giorno; M. Lieder; A. Politano; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. 2019. "Adsorption-assisted transport of water vapour in super-hydrophobic membranes filled with multilayer graphene platelets." Nanoscale 11, no. 24: 11521-11529.
Membrane-assisted crystallization, aiming to induce supersaturation in a solution, has been successfully tested in the crystallization of ionic salts, low molecular organic acids, and proteins. Membrane crystallization is an emerging membrane process with the capability to simultaneously extract fresh water and valuable components from various streams. Successful application of crystallization for produced water treatment, seawater desalination, and salt recovery has been demonstrated. Recently, membrane crystallization has been developed to recover valuable minerals from highly concentrated solutions, since the recovery of high-quality minerals is expected to impact agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and household activities. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the crystal nucleation and growth of sodium chloride in bulk and with hydrophobic polymer surfaces of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polypropylene (PP) at a supersaturated concentration of salt. In parallel, membrane crystallization experiments were performed utilizing the same polymeric membranes in order to compare the experimental results with the computational ones. Moreover, the comparison in terms of nucleation time between the crystallization of sodium chloride (NaCl) using the traditional evaporation process and the membrane-assisted crystallization process was performed. Here, with an integrated experimental–computational approach, we demonstrate that the PVDF and PP membranes assist the crystal growth for NaCl, speeding up crystal nucleation in comparison to the bulk solution and leading to smaller and regularly structured face-centered cubic lattice NaCl crystals. This results in a mutual validation between theoretical data and experimental findings and provides the stimuli to investigate other mono and bivalent crystals with a new class of materials in advanced membrane separations.
Jheng-Han Tsai; Maria Luisa Perrotta; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Francesca Macedonio; Lidietta Giorno; Enrico Drioli; Kuo-Lun Tung; Elena Tocci. Membrane-Assisted Crystallization: A Molecular View of NaCl Nucleation and Growth. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2145 .
AMA StyleJheng-Han Tsai, Maria Luisa Perrotta, Annarosa Gugliuzza, Francesca Macedonio, Lidietta Giorno, Enrico Drioli, Kuo-Lun Tung, Elena Tocci. Membrane-Assisted Crystallization: A Molecular View of NaCl Nucleation and Growth. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (11):2145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJheng-Han Tsai; Maria Luisa Perrotta; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Francesca Macedonio; Lidietta Giorno; Enrico Drioli; Kuo-Lun Tung; Elena Tocci. 2018. "Membrane-Assisted Crystallization: A Molecular View of NaCl Nucleation and Growth." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11: 2145.
Water uptake in Bi2S3 vacancies assists ion aggregation during membrane crystallization.
Francesca Macedonio; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza. Bi2Se3-assisted membrane crystallization. Materials Horizons 2018, 5, 912 -919.
AMA StyleFrancesca Macedonio, Antonio Politano, Enrico Drioli, Annarosa Gugliuzza. Bi2Se3-assisted membrane crystallization. Materials Horizons. 2018; 5 (5):912-919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Macedonio; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli; Annarosa Gugliuzza. 2018. "Bi2Se3-assisted membrane crystallization." Materials Horizons 5, no. 5: 912-919.
A photoactive gel has been fabricated on the surface of polyethylene membranes for enhancing the fouling resistance during olive mill wastewater treatment. Light and pH responsive materials have been introduced in the membrane surface through the build up of a layer-by-layer pattern, which is formed by photocatalytic nanoparticles and ionic polyelectrolytes. The best working conditions to contrast foulants adsorption have been explored and identified. Repulsive interfacial forces and assisted transfer of foulants to catalytic sites have been envisaged as crucial factors for contrasting the decline of the flux during microfiltration. Tests in submerged configuration have been implemented for six continuous hours under irradiation at two different pH conditions. As a result, a worthy efficiency of the photoactive gel has been reached when suitable chemical microenvironments have been generated along the shell side of the membranes. No additional chemical reagents or expensive back-flushing procedures have been necessary to further clean the membranes; rather, fast and reversible pH switches have been enough to remove residues, thereby preserving the integrity of the layer-by-layer (LBL) complex onto the membrane surface.
Yilong Han; Lidietta Giorno; Annarosa Gugliuzza. Photoactive Gel for Assisted Cleaning during Olive Mill Wastewater Membrane Microfiltration. Membranes 2017, 7, 66 .
AMA StyleYilong Han, Lidietta Giorno, Annarosa Gugliuzza. Photoactive Gel for Assisted Cleaning during Olive Mill Wastewater Membrane Microfiltration. Membranes. 2017; 7 (4):66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilong Han; Lidietta Giorno; Annarosa Gugliuzza. 2017. "Photoactive Gel for Assisted Cleaning during Olive Mill Wastewater Membrane Microfiltration." Membranes 7, no. 4: 66.
An ultrathin highly fluorinated porous membrane was designed for a large production of desalted water at very low energy consumption. Imprinting water droplets were used through a low thermally conductive tetra-fluoroethylene (TFE)/2,2,4-trifluoro-5-tri-fluorometoxy-1,3-dioxol (TIT) (HYFLON AD 60) solution and the generated porous nanofilm was suspended onto a polyethersulfone (PES) honeycomb texture. The very tiny fluorinated thickness together with a large number of small-shaped pores provided the membrane for enhanced anti-wetting surface properties, extremely reduced resistance to water vapor transfer and outstanding thermal efficiency. Fine materials structure-transport relations let the membrane reach unusual productivity-efficiency trade-off during water desalination via thermally driven membrane distillation. The exceptional performance affords this novel nanostructured membrane to catalyze the accomplishment of new-concept water desalination processes.
M.L. Perrotta; G. Saielli; Girolamo Casella; Francesca Macedonio; L. Giorno; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. An ultrathin suspended hydrophobic porous membrane for high-efficiency water desalination. Applied Materials Today 2017, 9, 1 -9.
AMA StyleM.L. Perrotta, G. Saielli, Girolamo Casella, Francesca Macedonio, L. Giorno, E. Drioli, A. Gugliuzza. An ultrathin suspended hydrophobic porous membrane for high-efficiency water desalination. Applied Materials Today. 2017; 9 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.L. Perrotta; G. Saielli; Girolamo Casella; Francesca Macedonio; L. Giorno; E. Drioli; A. Gugliuzza. 2017. "An ultrathin suspended hydrophobic porous membrane for high-efficiency water desalination." Applied Materials Today 9, no. : 1-9.
Annarosa Gugliuzza; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli. The advent of graphene and other two-dimensional materials in membrane science and technology. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 2017, 16, 78 -85.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza, Antonio Politano, Enrico Drioli. The advent of graphene and other two-dimensional materials in membrane science and technology. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 2017; 16 ():78-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza; Antonio Politano; Enrico Drioli. 2017. "The advent of graphene and other two-dimensional materials in membrane science and technology." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 16, no. : 78-85.
Heat flux DSC, where sample and reference are heated in the same furnace and a difference of temperature (ΔT) is measured. Successively, the signal is converted to a power difference by the calorimetric sensitivity. Power-compensated DSC, where both the sample and reference are heated in two independent heaters, while the electrical power ...
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2016, 543 -544.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2016; ():543-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2016. "Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 543-544.
Swollen polymers are classically named as gels, although the nature of the dissolved solvent allows distinguishing between three main classes of compounds: aerogel or xerogel when the network spaces are full of air, hydrogel, and organic gel when embedding water or oil. The swelling is defined as a penetration of a solvent into the polymer network that causes an abrupt change in the volume (Gugliuzza and Drioli 2007), moving the boundary from unsolvated glassy region to solvated and expanding rubbery domain. This event occurs when there are unbalanced osmotic forces and viscoelastic restoring forces, while it is stopped when these forces reach the equilibrium. The opposite event is when the solvent releases from the polymer matrix, thereby causing deswelling. Both the neutral and ionic polymers can swell, and different forces can take place during expansion, such as hydrophilic/hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions. The degree of crystallinity, cross-linking, as well as the strength of ...
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Solvent Swollen Polymer. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2016, 1801 -1802.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Solvent Swollen Polymer. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2016; ():1801-1802.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2016. "Solvent Swollen Polymer." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 1801-1802.
Air bubble geometry; Breath figure membranes; High-defined porous films Honeycomb membrane structures are a competitive and concrete example of highly ordered polymeric patterns, which can work as perm-selective interfaces in advanced membrane processes (Gugliuzza et al. 2008). They are prepared by using a bioinspired nanotechnology, which exploits the ability of water to condense from fog to cooled surfaces and self-assemble in semicrystalline lattices under dragging Marangoni convection and capillary forces (Gugliuzza et al. 2009). When the solvent evaporates, a difference of temperature is established between the cooled liquid film and nearby humid atmosphere, causing droplets to condense and rearrange in honeycomb-packed geometries. The droplet lattice works as a real pore builder through the polymeric solution, leading to the formation of air bubble arrays. Each single cavity can be regarded as the result of the imprinting action of the droplets. No coalescence is observed ...
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Honeycomb Membrane Structure. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2016, 967 -969.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Honeycomb Membrane Structure. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2016; ():967-969.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2016. "Honeycomb Membrane Structure." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 967-969.
This work provides additional insights into the identification of operating conditions necessary to overcome a current limitation to the scale-up of the breath figure method, which is regarded as an outstanding manufacturing approach for structurally ordered porous films. The major restriction concerns, indeed, uncontrolled touching droplets at the boundary. Herein, the bulk of polymeric solutions are properly managed to generate honeycomb membranes with a long-range structurally ordered texture. Water uptake and dynamics are explored as chemical environments are changed with the intent to modify the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and local water floatation. In this context, a model surfactant such as the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate is used in combination with alcohols at different chain length extents and a traditional polymer such as the polyethersufone. Changes in the interfacial tension and kinematic viscosity taking place in the bulk of composite solutions are explored and examined in relation to competitive droplet nucleation and growth rate. As a result, extensive structurally ordered honeycomb textures are obtained with the rising content of the surfactant while a broad range of well-sized pores is targeted as a function of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance and viscosity of the composite polymeric mixture. The experimental findings confirm the consistency of the approach and are expected to give propulsion to the commercially production of breath figures films shortly.
Annarosa Gugliuzza; Maria Luisa Perrotta; Enrico Drioli. Controlled Bulk Properties of Composite Polymeric Solutions for Extensive Structural Order of Honeycomb Polysulfone Membranes. Membranes 2016, 6, 27 .
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza, Maria Luisa Perrotta, Enrico Drioli. Controlled Bulk Properties of Composite Polymeric Solutions for Extensive Structural Order of Honeycomb Polysulfone Membranes. Membranes. 2016; 6 (2):27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza; Maria Luisa Perrotta; Enrico Drioli. 2016. "Controlled Bulk Properties of Composite Polymeric Solutions for Extensive Structural Order of Honeycomb Polysulfone Membranes." Membranes 6, no. 2: 27.
Biomolecules immobilization is a key factor for many biotechnological applications. For this purpose, the covalent immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipase from Candida rugosa and protein G on differently functionalized regenerated cellulose membranes was investigated. Dynamic light scattering and electrophoresis measurements carried out on biomolecules in solution indicated the presence of monomers, dimers and trimers for both BSA and protein G, while large aggregates were observed for lipase. The immobilization rate and the surface coverage on functionalized regenerated cellulose membranes were studied as a function of biomolecule concentration. Results indicated that the saturation coverage of BSA and protein G was concentration independent (immobilized protein amount of 2.40 ± 0.03 mg/g and 2.65 ± 0.07 mg/g, respectively). Otherwise, a different immobilization kinetics trend was obtained for lipase, for which the immobilized amount increases as a function of time without reaching a saturation value. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs showed the formation of monolayers for both BSA and protein G on the membrane surface, while a multilayer structure is found for lipase, in agreement with the trends observed in the related immobilization kinetics. As a result, the morphology of the proteins layer on the membrane surface seems to be strictly dependent on the proteins behavior in solution. Besides, the surface coverage has been described for BSA and protein G by the pseudo second order models, the results indicating the surface reaction as the controlling step of immobilization kinetics. Finally, enzyme activity and binding capacity studies indicated the preservation of the biomolecule functional properties.
Francesca Militano; Teresa Poerio; Rosalinda Mazzei; Emma Piacentini; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Lidietta Giorno. Influence of protein bulk properties on membrane surface coverage during immobilization. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2016, 143, 309 -317.
AMA StyleFrancesca Militano, Teresa Poerio, Rosalinda Mazzei, Emma Piacentini, Annarosa Gugliuzza, Lidietta Giorno. Influence of protein bulk properties on membrane surface coverage during immobilization. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016; 143 ():309-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Militano; Teresa Poerio; Rosalinda Mazzei; Emma Piacentini; Annarosa Gugliuzza; Lidietta Giorno. 2016. "Influence of protein bulk properties on membrane surface coverage during immobilization." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 143, no. : 309-317.
The fabrication of outstanding voltage-activated membranes working like humidity sensors and microclimate regulators is herein discussed. Ordered microporous membranes are designated as supports for electrical charge pathways. A pH-assisted build up lays down functional carbon nanotubes in hybrid networks, leading to a different degree of stratification and aggregation depending on pendant chemical moieties. Variations up to 40% are detected for the relative electrical conductivity as a response to severe humidity changes in the surrounding atmosphere. Doping events are envisioned to induce a responsive behavior for the membranes, while donor-acceptor interactions established at the nanotube-water interface gather speed in moisture diffusion.
Annarosa Gugliuzza; Valentino Pingitore; Enrico Drioli. Relationships between Structure and Electrical Sensing of Breathable Membranes. Materials Today: Proceedings 2016, 3, 308 -312.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza, Valentino Pingitore, Enrico Drioli. Relationships between Structure and Electrical Sensing of Breathable Membranes. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2016; 3 (2):308-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza; Valentino Pingitore; Enrico Drioli. 2016. "Relationships between Structure and Electrical Sensing of Breathable Membranes." Materials Today: Proceedings 3, no. 2: 308-312.
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2015, 1 -3.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2015; ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2015. "Differential Scanning Calorimetry in Membrane Characterization." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 1-3.
The concept of wettability ( S) is referred to the ability of a liquid to wet a surface (Hsu et al. 2011). The degree of wettability, also known as a wetting or spreading, is controlled by...
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Membrane Wettability. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2015, 1 -4.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Membrane Wettability. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2015; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2015. "Membrane Wettability." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 1-4.
Annarosa Gugliuzza. Honeycomb Membrane Structure. Encyclopedia of Membranes 2015, 1 -2.
AMA StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. Honeycomb Membrane Structure. Encyclopedia of Membranes. 2015; ():1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnarosa Gugliuzza. 2015. "Honeycomb Membrane Structure." Encyclopedia of Membranes , no. : 1-2.