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Prof. Felipe García-Pinillos
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

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0 Training
0 Sport Biomechanics
0 Sport technology
0 Endurance performance
0 Endurance running

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: The lower limb behaves like a spring compressing and decompressing during running, where lower-limb stiffness is one of the most influential factors. This prospective observational study is aimed at examining the relationship between the connective tissue morphology and lower-limb stiffness and investigating whether the barefoot/shod condition influences on such relationship. Methods: 14 male amateur runners (10-km time trial <50′) were included. Data were recorded over one session, where participants ran 2 trials (i.e., barefoot and shod conditions) of 3 minutes at 12 km/h, where running spatiotemporal parameters and vertical (Kvert) and leg stiffness (Kleg) were obtained. Prior to testing trials, thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) were recorded for Achilles (AT) and patellar tendons (PT) and plantar fascia (PF) with ultrasound. Results: Under barefoot condition, a positive correlation was found between Kleg and AT-thickness and CSA and PF-thickness; and between Kvert and AT-thickness and PF thickness. Under shod condition, a positive correlation was found between Kleg and PT-CSA and PT-thickness, and between Kvert and PT-CSA and PT-thickness. Conclusions: The results reveal a specificity of the relationship between the lower-limb stiffness and the morphology of the connective tissue. Greater tendon shows higher lower-limb stiffness when that tendon is specially demanded by the function.

ACS Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Ferrán Abat; Luis Roche-Seruendo. Relationship between Connective Tissue Morphology and Lower-Limb Stiffness in Endurance Runners. A Prospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8453 .

AMA Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén, Felipe García-Pinillos, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Ferrán Abat, Luis Roche-Seruendo. Relationship between Connective Tissue Morphology and Lower-Limb Stiffness in Endurance Runners. A Prospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Ferrán Abat; Luis Roche-Seruendo. 2021. "Relationship between Connective Tissue Morphology and Lower-Limb Stiffness in Endurance Runners. A Prospective Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8453.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Musculotendinous reactive strength is a key factor for the utilization of elastic energy in sporting activities such as running. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between musculotendinous reactive strength and lower-limb stiffness during running as well as to identify age-related differences in both variables. Methods: Fifty-nine amateur endurance runners performed three 20-cm drop jumps and a constant 3-min easy run on a motorized treadmill. Reactive strength index and dynamic lower-limb stiffness were calculated with a photoelectric cell system by jumping and running, respectively. Additionally, sit to stand difference in plantar arch height was assessed as a static lower-limb stiffness measure. The cluster analysis allows the comparison between younger and older runners. Results: No significant correlations were found between jumping reactive strength and running lower-limb stiffness. The younger group performed better at drop jumps (p = 0.023, ES = 0.82), whereas higher-but-no-significant results were found for reactive strength index and stiffness-related metrics. Conclusions: Musculotendinous vertical reactiveness may not be transferred to combined vertical and horizontal movements such as running.

ACS Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Demetrio Lozano-Jarque; Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Luis Roche-Seruendo; Felipe García-Pinillos. Relationship between Reactive Strength and Leg Stiffness at Submaximal Velocity: Effects of Age on Distance Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6866 .

AMA Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Demetrio Lozano-Jarque, Alberto Rubio-Peirotén, Luis Roche-Seruendo, Felipe García-Pinillos. Relationship between Reactive Strength and Leg Stiffness at Submaximal Velocity: Effects of Age on Distance Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Demetrio Lozano-Jarque; Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Luis Roche-Seruendo; Felipe García-Pinillos. 2021. "Relationship between Reactive Strength and Leg Stiffness at Submaximal Velocity: Effects of Age on Distance Runners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6866.

Research article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Research in Sports Medicine
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The main purpose of the present study was to determine the association of physical activity (PA) patterns prior to COVID-19 confinement with severe respiratory distress consistent with COVID-19 symptoms. Participants were recruited by sending a survey through various social network channels via the snowball method. A voluntary sample of 420 individuals consisting of 199 men and 221 women from the Spanish national territory participated in this study. Some factors, such as being overweight and obese were related to the presence of a greater number of symptoms associated with COVID-19. Interestingly, it was observed that not performing moderate or vigorous PA increased the risk of COVID-19 symptoms. Consequently, when the effect of the practise of PA was evaluated in terms of the number of practises per week and in minutes per practise per week, a protective effect was observed, where moderate PA >150 min per week reported an inverse association with hospitalization for respiratory symptoms (RR: 95%CI: 0.24, 0.05–1.04, P = 0.05). Likewise, overweight (RR: 16.3, 95%CI: 1.93–137.9, P = 0.01), obesity (RR: 19.1, 95%CI: 1.63–222.5, P = 0.019) and non-performance of moderate PA (RR: 4.12, 95%CI; 0.95–17.76, P = 0.05) reported positive associations with hospitalization for respiratory symptoms. Thus, the practise of moderate PA (>150 min per week) is a protective factor against hospitalization for respiratory symptoms consistent with COVID-19 symptoms.

ACS Style

Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román; Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán; Pedro Delgado-Floody; Julio Herrador Sanchez; Jerónimo Aragón-Vela; Felipe García Pinillos; Juan A. Párraga Montilla. Protective role of physical activity patterns prior to COVID-19 confinement with the severity/duration of respiratory pathologies consistent with COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish populations. Research in Sports Medicine 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román, Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, Pedro Delgado-Floody, Julio Herrador Sanchez, Jerónimo Aragón-Vela, Felipe García Pinillos, Juan A. Párraga Montilla. Protective role of physical activity patterns prior to COVID-19 confinement with the severity/duration of respiratory pathologies consistent with COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish populations. Research in Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román; Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán; Pedro Delgado-Floody; Julio Herrador Sanchez; Jerónimo Aragón-Vela; Felipe García Pinillos; Juan A. Párraga Montilla. 2021. "Protective role of physical activity patterns prior to COVID-19 confinement with the severity/duration of respiratory pathologies consistent with COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish populations." Research in Sports Medicine , no. : 1-12.

Review
Published: 06 May 2021 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of jump training (JT) on measures of physical fitness and athletic performances in endurance runners. Controlled studies which involved healthy endurance runners, of any age and sex, were considered. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES; Hedge’s g). Means and standard deviations of outcomes were converted to ES with alongside 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Twenty-one moderate-to-high quality studies were included in the meta-analysis, and these included 511 participants. The main analyses revealed a significant moderate improvement in time-trial performance (i.e. distances between 2.0 and 5.0 km; ES = 0.88), without enhancements in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), velocity at VO2max, velocity at submaximal lactate levels, heart rate at submaximal velocities, stride rate at submaximal velocities, stiffness, total body mass or maximal strength performance. However, significant small-to-moderate improvements were noted for jump performance, rate of force development, sprint performance, reactive strength, and running economy (ES = 0.36–0.73; p < 0.001 to 0.031; I2 = 0.0% to 49.3%). JT is effective in improving physical fitness and athletic performance in endurance runners. Improvements in time-trial performance after JT may be mediated through improvements in force generating capabilities and running economy.

ACS Style

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; David C. Andrade; Felipe García-Pinillos; Yassine Negra; Daniel Boullosa; Jason Moran. Effects of jump training on physical fitness and athletic performance in endurance runners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, David C. Andrade, Felipe García-Pinillos, Yassine Negra, Daniel Boullosa, Jason Moran. Effects of jump training on physical fitness and athletic performance in endurance runners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; David C. Andrade; Felipe García-Pinillos; Yassine Negra; Daniel Boullosa; Jason Moran. 2021. "Effects of jump training on physical fitness and athletic performance in endurance runners: A meta-analysis." Journal of Sports Sciences , no. : 1-21.

Research article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Analysis of changes in muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in sport settings has become common due to its precise, continuous and non-invasive ability to provide measurements of a particular muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Therefore, this study aims to determine level of agreement between two affordable NIRS-based oximeter wearable systems for measuring SmO2 level in the vastus lateralis in endurance runners. Seventeen trained endurance male runners (age: 34.2 ± 8.1 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 6.1 kg; height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m; BMI: 23 ± 1.7) completed a submaximal 60-min run-to-exhaustion treadmill running protocol trying to cover the longest possible distance. The SmO2 rates of the vastus lateralis were co-registered and continually obtained from two separate NIRS-based oximeter wearable systems over the running trial. The between-system means comparison reveals no significant differences in SmO2 at any point of the running protocol ( p > 0.217) with trivial-to-small ES (ES < 0.27). Significant relationships ( p < 0.05) were identified between systems with large and very large Pearson coefficients ( r > 0.624). Additionally, substantial and almost perfect ICCs were obtained (ICC > 0.729). Bland-Altman plots exposed homoscedasticity ( r2 < 0.1) for all the periods analysed during the running protocol, with mean differences lower than 3.2% over the time trial. The results found here show the level of agreement between two economical NIRS-based oximeter wearable systems. Notwithstanding their level of agreement, their interchangeable use is not recommended due to the variation shown for SmO2 levels.

ACS Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis E Roche-Seruendo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Felipe García-Pinillos. Agreement between muscle oxygen saturation from two commercially available systems in endurance running: Moxy Monitor versus Humon Hex. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Luis E Roche-Seruendo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Felipe García-Pinillos. Agreement between muscle oxygen saturation from two commercially available systems in endurance running: Moxy Monitor versus Humon Hex. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis E Roche-Seruendo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Felipe García-Pinillos. 2021. "Agreement between muscle oxygen saturation from two commercially available systems in endurance running: Moxy Monitor versus Humon Hex." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the menstrual cycle on vertical jumping, sprint performance and force-velocity profiling in resistance-trained women. A group of resistance-trained eumenorrheic women (n = 9) were tested in three phases over the menstrual cycle: bleeding phase, follicular phase, and luteal phase (i.e., days 1–3, 7–10, and 19–21 of the cycle, respectively). Each testing phase consisted of a battery of jumping tests (i.e., squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump from a 30 cm box [DJ30], and the reactive strength index) and 30 m sprint running test. Two different applications for smartphone (My Jump 2 and My Sprint) were used to record the jumping and sprinting trials, respectively, at high speed (240 fps). The repeated measures ANOVA reported no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.25) in CMJ, DJ30, reactive strength index and sprint times between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. A greater SJ height performance was observed during the follicular phase compared to the bleeding phase (p = 0.033, ES = −0.22). No differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.45) were found in the CMJ and sprint force-velocity profile over the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Vertical jump, sprint performance and the force-velocity profiling remain constant in trained women, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Santiago Ruiz-Alias; Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz; Marcos Mecías-Calvo; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Jumping, Sprinting and Force-Velocity Profiling in Resistance-Trained Women: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4830 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Pascual Bujalance-Moreno, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Santiago Ruiz-Alias, Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Jumping, Sprinting and Force-Velocity Profiling in Resistance-Trained Women: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Santiago Ruiz-Alias; Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz; Marcos Mecías-Calvo; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. 2021. "Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Jumping, Sprinting and Force-Velocity Profiling in Resistance-Trained Women: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4830.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to examine the training habits of eumenorrheic active women during their menstrual cycle (MC), and its perceived influence on physical performance regarding their athletic level. A group of 1250 sportswomen filled in a questionnaire referring to demographic information, athletic performance and MC-related training habits. Of the participants, 81% reported having a stable duration of MC, with most of them (57%) lasting 26–30 days. Concerning MC-related training habits, 79% indicated that their MC affects athletic performance, although 71% did not consider their MC in their training program, with no differences or modifications in training volume or in training intensity for low-level athletes (LLA) and high-level athletes (HLA) with hormonal contraceptive (HC) use. However, LLA with a normal MC adapted their training habits more, compared with HLA, also stopping their training (47.1% vs. 16.1%, respectively). Thus, different training strategies should be designed for HLA and LLA with a normal MC, but this is not so necessary for HLA and LLA who use HC. To sum up, training adaptations should be individually designed according to the training level and use or non-use of HC, always taking into account the pain suffered during the menstrual phase in most of the athletes.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Daniel Jérez-Mayorga; Álvaro Velarde-Sotres; Vanessa Anaya-Moix; Silvia Pueyo-Villa; Carlos Lago-Fuentes. Training Habits of Eumenorrheic Active Women during the Different Phases of Their Menstrual Cycle: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3662 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Pascual Bujalance-Moreno, Daniel Jérez-Mayorga, Álvaro Velarde-Sotres, Vanessa Anaya-Moix, Silvia Pueyo-Villa, Carlos Lago-Fuentes. Training Habits of Eumenorrheic Active Women during the Different Phases of Their Menstrual Cycle: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3662.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Daniel Jérez-Mayorga; Álvaro Velarde-Sotres; Vanessa Anaya-Moix; Silvia Pueyo-Villa; Carlos Lago-Fuentes. 2021. "Training Habits of Eumenorrheic Active Women during the Different Phases of Their Menstrual Cycle: A Descriptive Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3662.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to determine the influence of arch stiffness on running spatiotemporal parameters at a common speed for a wide range of endurance runners (i.e., 12 km·h−1). In total, 97 runners, 52 men and 45 women, completed a treadmill running protocol at 12 km·h−1. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured using the OptoGait system, and foot structure was assessed by determining arch stiffness. Since between-sex differences were found in anthropometric and foot structure variables, data analysis was conducted separately for men and women, and body mass and height were considered as covariates. For both sexes, a k-means cluster analysis grouped participants according to arch stiffness, by obtaining a group of low-arch stiffness (LAS group) and a group of high-arch stiffness (HAS group), with significant differences in arch stiffness (p < 0.001, for both men and women). No significant differences between LAS and HAS groups were found in running spatiotemporal parameters, regardless of sex (p ≥ 0.05). For both sexes, the partial correlation analysis reported no significant correlations (p ≥ 0.05) between foot structure variables and running spatiotemporal parameters. The results obtained show no differences in spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running at submaximal velocity between runners with low-arch stiffness and those with high-arch stiffness, regardless of sex. These findings may have important implications for clinicians and coaches by adding more evidence to the debate about the use of static foot classification measures when characterizing the foot and its biomechanics during running.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Pedro Latorre-Román; Carles Escalona-Marfil; Víctor Soto-Hermoso; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Silvia Pueyo-Villa; Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz; Luis Roche-Seruendo. Does Arch Stiffness Influence Running Spatiotemporal Parameters? An Analysis of the Relationship between Influencing Factors on Running Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2437 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Pedro Latorre-Román, Carles Escalona-Marfil, Víctor Soto-Hermoso, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Silvia Pueyo-Villa, Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz, Luis Roche-Seruendo. Does Arch Stiffness Influence Running Spatiotemporal Parameters? An Analysis of the Relationship between Influencing Factors on Running Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Pedro Latorre-Román; Carles Escalona-Marfil; Víctor Soto-Hermoso; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Silvia Pueyo-Villa; Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz; Luis Roche-Seruendo. 2021. "Does Arch Stiffness Influence Running Spatiotemporal Parameters? An Analysis of the Relationship between Influencing Factors on Running Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2437.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The influence of the morphologic characteristics of connective tissue, which plays an essential role during sports activities, on sporting tasks needs further research given the controversial findings reported in the literature. This study aimed at examining the relationship between lower limb connective tissue morphology and drop jump reactivity and determining the influence of sex and athletic performance level. A total of 30 men and 14 women, runners, executed 6 drop jumps (3 × 20 cm and 30 cm height respectively) and their thickness and cross-sectional area were recorded for Achilles and patellar tendons and plantar fascia. No significant results were found in the relationship between the morphology of the connective tissue and reactivity strength index for both sexes. Significant sex differences were found, while women showed greater values (p < 0.005) for Achilles tendon and plantar fascia; men showed greater values for reactivity strength index and drop jump performance (p < 0.001). The present study shows a limited relationship between connective tissue morphology and drop jump reactivity. Additionally, women showed greater normalized values for Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, and men showed greater reactivity strength index and jumping performance values. No relationships between athletic performance level and connective tissue were found.

ACS Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Luis Roche-Seruendo. Is There A Relationship between the Morphology of Connective Tissue and Reactivity during A Drop Jump? Influence of Sex and Athletic Performance Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1969 .

AMA Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén, Felipe García-Pinillos, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Luis Roche-Seruendo. Is There A Relationship between the Morphology of Connective Tissue and Reactivity during A Drop Jump? Influence of Sex and Athletic Performance Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Luis Roche-Seruendo. 2021. "Is There A Relationship between the Morphology of Connective Tissue and Reactivity during A Drop Jump? Influence of Sex and Athletic Performance Level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1969.

Systematic review
Published: 11 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In this work we aimed to perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials within an aging population that investigated the general impacts of a resistance training (RT) protocol on key outcome measures relating to gait and/or balance. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines, two electronic databases (PubMed, and Scopus) were searched for randomized controlled trials that measured at least one key outcome measure focusing on gait and/or balance in older adults. 3794 studies were identified, and after duplicates were removed, 1913 studies remained. 1886 records were removed due to the abstract not meeting the inclusion criteria. 28 full-text articles were assessed further, and 20 of the articles were identified as meeting the criteria for inclusion. The remaining 20 studies were assessed for quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale; 12 studies remained and were included in this systematic review. Our review suggests that RT has a positive effect on both gait and balance in an elderly population. RT improves gait, specifically straight-line walking speed in older adults. RT is an adequate training method to improve balance in an aging population. Improvements in strength, attributed to RT, may allow for greater autonomy and independence to carry out activities of daily living as we age.

ACS Style

Christopher J. Keating; José Carlos Cabrera-Linares; Juan A. Párraga-Montilla; Pedro A. Latorre-Román; Rafael Moreno del Castillo; Felipe García-Pinillos. Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1759 .

AMA Style

Christopher J. Keating, José Carlos Cabrera-Linares, Juan A. Párraga-Montilla, Pedro A. Latorre-Román, Rafael Moreno del Castillo, Felipe García-Pinillos. Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher J. Keating; José Carlos Cabrera-Linares; Juan A. Párraga-Montilla; Pedro A. Latorre-Román; Rafael Moreno del Castillo; Felipe García-Pinillos. 2021. "Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1759.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Sensors
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Wearable technology has allowed for the real-time assessment of mechanical work employed in several sporting activities. Through novel power metrics, Functional Threshold Power have shown a reliable indicator of training intensities. This study aims to determine the relationship between mean power output (MPO) values obtained during three submaximal running time trials (i.e., 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) and the functional threshold power (FTP). Twenty-two recreationally trained male endurance runners completed four submaximal running time trials of 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, trying to cover the longest possible distance on a motorized treadmill. Absolute MPO (W), normalized MPO (W/kg) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each time trial with a power meter device attached to the shoelaces. All simplified FTP trials analyzed (i.e., FTP10, FTP20, and FTP30) showed a significant association with the calculated FTP (p < 0.001) for both MPO and normalized MPO, whereas stronger correlations were found with longer time trials. Individual correction factors (ICF% = FTP60/FTPn) of ~90% for FTP10, ~94% for FTP20, and ~96% for FTP30 were obtained. The present study procures important practical applications for coaches and athletes as it provides a more accurate estimation of FTP in endurance running through less fatiguing, reproducible tests.

ACS Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Felipe García-Pinillos; Jorge Royo-Borruel; Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis Roche-Seruendo. Estimating Functional Threshold Power in Endurance Running from Shorter Time Trials Using a 6-Axis Inertial Measurement Sensor. Sensors 2021, 21, 582 .

AMA Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Felipe García-Pinillos, Jorge Royo-Borruel, Alberto Rubio-Peirotén, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Luis Roche-Seruendo. Estimating Functional Threshold Power in Endurance Running from Shorter Time Trials Using a 6-Axis Inertial Measurement Sensor. Sensors. 2021; 21 (2):582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Felipe García-Pinillos; Jorge Royo-Borruel; Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis Roche-Seruendo. 2021. "Estimating Functional Threshold Power in Endurance Running from Shorter Time Trials Using a 6-Axis Inertial Measurement Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 2: 582.

Research article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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The advent of portable power meters has revolutionized training in cycling, allowing an accurate field-based assessment of athletes. In a similar way, researchers have recently developed low-cost gait analysis equipment to assess running power in a more natural environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absolute reliability of two different power meters and the agreement between these two wearable devices (i.e., Stryd™ and RunScribe™) for measuring power during treadmill running. About 49 endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at self-selected comfortable velocities. Power output (W) was measured using the Stryd™ and RunScribe™ systems, which were attached to the same shoe. The absolute reliability, based on coefficient of variation, was 0.32 ± 0.29% for Stryd™ and 1.68 ± 1.49% for RunScribe™, while the standard error of the mean were 0.3 ± 0.2 W and 2.6 ± 2.5 W for Stryd™ and RunScribe™, respectively. Data from both devices showed significant correlations ( r = 0.783, p < 0.001) and the ICC ( r = 0.855) reported an almost perfect reliability. Bland–Altman plots revealed no heteroscedasticity of error ( r2 = 0.030), although a moderate systematic bias (−12.3 ± 26.6 W), and wide limits of agreement (39.8–64.3 W) were found. Considering the increased popularity of using power meter devices in running, scientists, coaches, athletes, and general users should be aware that data from these devices are reliable, but not interchangeable, due to the variation shown for running power output data.

ACS Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Luis E Roche-Seruendo; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Noel Marcen-Cinca; Felipe García-Pinillos. Absolute reliability and agreement between Stryd and RunScribe systems for the assessment of running power. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Luis E Roche-Seruendo, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Noel Marcen-Cinca, Felipe García-Pinillos. Absolute reliability and agreement between Stryd and RunScribe systems for the assessment of running power. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Luis E Roche-Seruendo; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Noel Marcen-Cinca; Felipe García-Pinillos. 2021. "Absolute reliability and agreement between Stryd and RunScribe systems for the assessment of running power." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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García-Pinillos, F, Roche-Seruendo, LE, Marcen-Cinca, N, Marco-Contreras, LA, and Latorre-Román, PA. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Stryd system for the assessment of running stride kinematics at different velocities. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 78–84, 2021—This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Stryd system for measuring spatiotemporal variables during running at different velocities (8–20 km·h−1) by comparing data with another widely used device (the OptoGait system). Eighteen trained male endurance runners performed an incremental running test (8–20 km·h−1 with 3-minute stages) on a treadmill. Spatiotemporal parameters (contact time [CT], flight time [FT], step length [SL], and step frequency [SF]) were measured using 2 different devices (Stryd and OptoGait systems). The Stryd system showed a coefficient of variation (CV) <3%, except for FT (3.7–11.6%). The OptoGait achieved CV <4%, except for FT (6.0–30.6%). Pearson correlation analysis showed large correlations for CT and FT, and almost perfect for SL and SF over the entire protocol. The intraclass correlation coefficients partially support those results. Paired t-tests showed that CT was underestimated (p < 0.05, effect size [ES] > 0.7; ∼4–8%), FT overestimated (p < 0.05, ES > 0.7; ∼7–65%), whereas SL and SF were very similar between systems (ES < 0.1, with differences <1%). The Stryd is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring CT, FT, SL, and SF during running. It provides accurate SL and SF measures but underestimates CT (0.5–8%) and overestimates FT (3–67%) compared with a photocell-based system.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Luis E. Roche-Seruendo; Noel Marcén-Cinca; Luis A. Marco-Contreras; Pedro A. Latorre-Román. Absolute Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Stryd System for the Assessment of Running Stride Kinematics at Different Velocities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2021, 35, 78 -84.

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Luis E. Roche-Seruendo, Noel Marcén-Cinca, Luis A. Marco-Contreras, Pedro A. Latorre-Román. Absolute Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Stryd System for the Assessment of Running Stride Kinematics at Different Velocities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2021; 35 (1):78-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Luis E. Roche-Seruendo; Noel Marcén-Cinca; Luis A. Marco-Contreras; Pedro A. Latorre-Román. 2021. "Absolute Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Stryd System for the Assessment of Running Stride Kinematics at Different Velocities." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35, no. 1: 78-84.

Research article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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The biomechanics of walking and running, in both ground and treadmill conditions, have been extensively analysed and important differences have been reported. Despite some previous studies having examined the validity and reliability of the OptoGait™ system for measuring gait characteristics during walking, no previous works have determined the reliability and validity of this system while running on a treadmill. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the absolute reliability (within-subject variation) and evaluate the concurrent validity of the OptoGait™ system for measuring spatiotemporal variables while running at a comfortable speed by comparing data with a highly accurate system of measuring those parameters (i.e. video analysis at 1000 Hz). Forty-nine endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at a comfortable speed. Two systems were used to collect data: OptoGait™ system and high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as a measure of absolute reliability. The OptoGait™ system reported a CV range between 2.2% and 11.4% for spatiotemporal parameters, while the video analysis showed a CV range between 0.02% and 9.9%. To determine concurrent validity, intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) and pairwise comparisons of means (t-test) were calculated between data from both systems. Although the paired t-test demonstrated significant differences between systems, a high level of agreement (ICC > 0.89) was obtained in spatiotemporal parameters between systems. When compared to a high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz, the results indicate that the OptoGait™ system is a reliable and valid tool to measure spatiotemporal gait characteristics while running on a treadmill at a comfortable speed.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pedro A Latorre-Román; Jose M Chicano-Gutiérrez; Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón; Juan A Párraga-Montilla; Luis E Roche-Seruendo. Absolute reliability and validity of the OptoGaitTM system to measure spatiotemporal gait parameters during running. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Pedro A Latorre-Román, Jose M Chicano-Gutiérrez, Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón, Juan A Párraga-Montilla, Luis E Roche-Seruendo. Absolute reliability and validity of the OptoGaitTM system to measure spatiotemporal gait parameters during running. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Pedro A Latorre-Román; Jose M Chicano-Gutiérrez; Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón; Juan A Párraga-Montilla; Luis E Roche-Seruendo. 2020. "Absolute reliability and validity of the OptoGaitTM system to measure spatiotemporal gait parameters during running." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Chest bands have been the most used device to monitor heart rate during running. However, some runners feel uncomfortable with the use of bands due to the friction and pressure exerted on the chest. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if the photoplethysmography (PPG) system Polar Precision Prime used in the Polar Vantage M watch could replace chest bands (Polar V800-H10) to monitor heart rate with the same precision. A group of 37 people, middle-distance and long-distance professional runners, participated in this study. The submaximal speed was determined using 50% of the participants’ maximum speed in the height of their season. The Polar Vantage M reported high correlation ( r > 0.84) and high ICC (ICC > 0.86) when comparing its heart rate monitor with the Polar V800 synchronised with H10 chest strap during recording intervals of more than 2 min. The systematic bias and random error were very small (

ACS Style

Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón; Santiago A Ruiz-Alias; Felipe García-Pinillos; Gabriel Delgado-García; Victor M Soto-Hermoso. Comparison between photoplethysmographic heart rate monitor from Polar Vantage M and Polar V800 with H10 chest strap while running on a treadmill: Validation of the Polar Precision PrimeTM photoplestimographic system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón, Santiago A Ruiz-Alias, Felipe García-Pinillos, Gabriel Delgado-García, Victor M Soto-Hermoso. Comparison between photoplethysmographic heart rate monitor from Polar Vantage M and Polar V800 with H10 chest strap while running on a treadmill: Validation of the Polar Precision PrimeTM photoplestimographic system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón; Santiago A Ruiz-Alias; Felipe García-Pinillos; Gabriel Delgado-García; Victor M Soto-Hermoso. 2020. "Comparison between photoplethysmographic heart rate monitor from Polar Vantage M and Polar V800 with H10 chest strap while running on a treadmill: Validation of the Polar Precision PrimeTM photoplestimographic system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2020 in European Journal of Sport Science
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of countermovement depth on the magnitude of the countermovement jump (CMJ) derived reactive strength index modified (RSImod), and to compare the RSImod between the CMJ performed with a self-preferred knee flexion angle (CMJpref) and the CMJ performed from a pre-determined knee flexion angle (CMJrefer) with the countermovement depth more similar to the CMJpref. Sixteen subjects (11 males and 5 females; age 25.1±6.3 years, body mass 69.7±10.2 kg, body height 172.9±8.1 m) randomly performed in a single session the CMJpref and CMJs from five pre-determined knee flexion angles (60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120°). Our results showed that lower knee flexion angles were generally associated with greater RSImod values with the CMJ performed at 60° showing the greatest RSImod (P≤0.049; effect size [ES] range=0.19-0.63). The greatest RSImod for the CMJ performed at 60° was caused by the proportionally lower values of the time to take-off (ES range=0.65-1.91) compared to the decrease observed in jump height (ES range=0.11-0.25). The RSImod was higher for the CMJpref compared to the CMJrefer (P<0.001; ES=0.34) due to a higher jump height (P=0.021; ES=0.14) and reduced time to take-off (P<0.001; ES=0.85). These results indicate that practitioners should be careful when interpreting an individual's changes in RSImod when the countermovement depth is not similar across the testing sessions. However, since the use of pre-determined knee flexion angles negatively impacts the RSImod, we encourage practitioners to use the CMJpref but only compare the RSImod when CMJs are performed using consistent countermovement depths.

ACS Style

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla; Jonathon Weakley; Felipe García-Pinillos; F. Javier Rojas; Amador García-Ramos. Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified. European Journal of Sport Science 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla, Jonathon Weakley, Felipe García-Pinillos, F. Javier Rojas, Amador García-Ramos. Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla; Jonathon Weakley; Felipe García-Pinillos; F. Javier Rojas; Amador García-Ramos. 2020. "Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified." European Journal of Sport Science , no. : 1-11.

Review
Published: 13 November 2020 in Sensors
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Mechanical power may act as a key indicator for physiological and mechanical changes during running. In this scoping review, we examine the current evidences about the use of power output (PW) during endurance running and the different commercially available wearable sensors to assess PW. The Boolean phrases endurance OR submaximal NOT sprint AND running OR runner AND power OR power meter, were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. Nineteen studies were finally selected for analysis. The current evidence about critical power and both power-time and power-duration relationships in running allow to provide coaches and practitioners a new promising setting for PW quantification with the use of wearable sensors. Some studies have assessed the validity and reliability of different available wearables for both kinematics parameters and PW when running but running power meters need further research before a definitive conclusion regarding its validity and reliability.

ACS Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis Roche-Seruendo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo; Felipe García-Pinillos. Mechanical Power in Endurance Running: A Scoping Review on Sensors for Power Output Estimation during Running. Sensors 2020, 20, 6482 .

AMA Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Luis Roche-Seruendo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Felipe García-Pinillos. Mechanical Power in Endurance Running: A Scoping Review on Sensors for Power Output Estimation during Running. Sensors. 2020; 20 (22):6482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis Roche-Seruendo; Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo; Felipe García-Pinillos. 2020. "Mechanical Power in Endurance Running: A Scoping Review on Sensors for Power Output Estimation during Running." Sensors 20, no. 22: 6482.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study determined the strength training (ST) habits of amateur endurance runners in Spain regarding athletic level. A sixteen-item online questionnaire comprised of (i) demographic information, (ii) performance, and (iii) training contents was completed by 1179 athletes. Five group levels were determined according to the personal best times of the athletes in a 10-km trial (LG1: level group 1, 50–55 min; LG2: level group 2, 45–50 min; LG3: level group 3, 40–45 min; LG4: level group 4, 35–40 min; LG5: level group 5, 30–35 min). Most athletes (n = 735, 62.3%) perceived ST as being a key component in their training program. Resistance training (RT) was reported as a ST type used by 63.4% of the athletes, 66.9% reported using bodyweight exercises, 46.8% reported using plyometric training, 65.6% reported using uphill runs, and 17.8% reported using resisted runs. The prevalence of runners who excluded ST from their training programs decreased as the athletic performance level increased (18.2% in lower-level athletes vs. 3.0% in higher-level), while the inclusion of RT, bodyweight exercises, plyometric training, and uphill and resisted runs was more frequent within higher-level groups. Most athletes included ST using low-to-moderate loads and high a number of repetitions/sets comprised of RT, plyometric training, resisted runs, and core, respiratory, and foot muscles training.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román; Luis Enrique Roche-Seruendo; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. Strength Training Habits in Amateur Endurance Runners in Spain: Influence of Athletic Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8184 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Pascual Bujalance-Moreno, Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román, Luis Enrique Roche-Seruendo, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. Strength Training Habits in Amateur Endurance Runners in Spain: Influence of Athletic Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):8184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Carlos Lago-Fuentes; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Pascual Bujalance-Moreno; Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román; Luis Enrique Roche-Seruendo; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. 2020. "Strength Training Habits in Amateur Endurance Runners in Spain: Influence of Athletic Level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8184.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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Background Markerless systems to capture body motion require no markers to be attached to the body, thereby improving clinical feasibility and testing time. However, the lack of markers might affect the accuracy of measurements. Objective This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Kinect system with MotionMetrix software for spatiotemporal variables during running at a comfortable velocity, by comparing data between the combination system and two widely used systems—OptoGait and high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz. Methods In total, 25 runners followed a running protocol on a treadmill at a speed of 12 km/h. The Kinect+MotionMetrix combination measured spatiotemporal parameters during running (ie, contact time, flight time, step frequency, and step length), which were compared to those obtained from two reference systems. Results Regardless of the system, flight time had the highest coefficients of variation (OptoGait: 16.4%; video analysis: 17.3%; Kinect+MotionMetrix: 23.2%). The rest of the coefficients of variation reported were lower than 8.1%. Correlation analysis showed very high correlations (r>0.8; P<.001) and almost perfect associations (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.81) between systems for all the spatiotemporal parameters except contact time, which had lower values. Bland-Altman plots revealed smaller systematic biases and random errors for step frequency and step length and larger systematic biases and random errors for temporal parameters with the Kinect+MotionMetrix system as compared to OptoGait (difference: contact time +3.0%, flight time −7.9%) and high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz (difference: contact time +4.2%, flight time −11.3%). Accordingly, heteroscedasticity was found between systems for temporal parameters (r2>0.1). Conclusions The results indicate that the Kinect+MotionMetrix combination slightly overestimates contact time and strongly underestimates flight time as compared to the OptoGait system and high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz. However, it is a valid tool for measuring step frequency and step length when compared to reference systems. Future studies should determine the reliability of this system for determining temporal parameters.

ACS Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Victor Soto Hermoso; Pedro Latorre Román; Pedro Delgado; Cristian Martinez; Antonio Carton; Luis Roche Seruendo. Agreement Between Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Measured by a Markerless Motion Capture System and Two Reference Systems—a Treadmill-Based Photoelectric Cell and High-Speed Video Analyses: Comparative Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2020, 8, e19498 .

AMA Style

Felipe García-Pinillos, Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Victor Soto Hermoso, Pedro Latorre Román, Pedro Delgado, Cristian Martinez, Antonio Carton, Luis Roche Seruendo. Agreement Between Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Measured by a Markerless Motion Capture System and Two Reference Systems—a Treadmill-Based Photoelectric Cell and High-Speed Video Analyses: Comparative Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020; 8 (10):e19498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe García-Pinillos; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Victor Soto Hermoso; Pedro Latorre Román; Pedro Delgado; Cristian Martinez; Antonio Carton; Luis Roche Seruendo. 2020. "Agreement Between Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Measured by a Markerless Motion Capture System and Two Reference Systems—a Treadmill-Based Photoelectric Cell and High-Speed Video Analyses: Comparative Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 10: e19498.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in Gait & Posture
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The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of ten weeks of different running-retraining programmes on rearfoot strike (RFS) prevalence in adolescents. it is possible to change foot strike pattern in adolescents? A total of 180 children (45.3% girls), aged 13–16 years, participated in this intervention study. The children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (EGs) that each carried out a different retraining programme, based on running technique (n = 38), a 15% increased step frequency (SF) (n = 37) and barefoot training (n = 30), performed for three days each week. A control group (CG) (n = 43) did not perform any retraining. A 2D video-based analysis (240 Hz) was used to determine the RFS. At baseline, no significant differences in RFS prevalence were found between the EGs and the CG in either the left (χ2 = 2.048; p = 0.559) or the right foot (χ2 = 0.898; p = 0.825). In the post-test, no significant differences were found for the left foot (χ2 = 7.102; p = 0.069), but there were significant differences for the right foot (χ2 = 9.239; p = 0.025) were observed. In the re-test, no significant differences were found for either the left foot (χ2 = 2.665; p = 0.273) or the right foot (χ2 = 2.182; p = 0.325). In addition, no group displayed significant changes in RFS prevalence from the pre-test to the re-test. There was a trend towards a reduction in the RFS prevalence in both the increased SF group and the barefoot group. The main finding of this study was that certain running-retraining programmes performed three times per week for ten weeks are not enough to modify the runner’s foot strike pattern (FSP).

ACS Style

Pedro José Consuegra González; Felipe García-Pinillos; David J. Mora López; Antonio José Cardona Linares; Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla; Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román. Effects of a 10-week running-retraining programme on the foot strike pattern of adolescents: A longitudinal intervention study. Gait & Posture 2020, 83, 147 -151.

AMA Style

Pedro José Consuegra González, Felipe García-Pinillos, David J. Mora López, Antonio José Cardona Linares, Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla, Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román. Effects of a 10-week running-retraining programme on the foot strike pattern of adolescents: A longitudinal intervention study. Gait & Posture. 2020; 83 ():147-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro José Consuegra González; Felipe García-Pinillos; David J. Mora López; Antonio José Cardona Linares; Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla; Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román. 2020. "Effects of a 10-week running-retraining programme on the foot strike pattern of adolescents: A longitudinal intervention study." Gait & Posture 83, no. : 147-151.