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Colic horses show systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) clinical signs. Procalcitonin (PCT) showed increased circulating levels in sick horses. This study compares plasma PCT concentrations in healthy vs. SIRS negative/positive colic horses over time, and evaluates PCT and SIRS score potential correlation, to verify the usefulness of PCT for the evaluation of SIRS severity. Ninety-one horses were included; 43/91 were healthy, on basis of physical examination, blood work and SIRS score (score = 0), while 48/91 were sick colic horses, classified as SIRS-negative (score < 2) and positive (score ≥ 2). Moreover, a 0–6 point-scale SIRS score was calculated (assessing mucous membrane color and blood lactate concentration). PCT was evaluated at admission, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, using a commercial kit for equine species. We verified by the ANOVA test PCT differences between healthy vs. colic horses, healthy vs. SIRS-negative or SIRS-positive colic horses, at all sampling times, and the correlation between the SIRS score at admission with the SIRS score. Statistically significant differences were detected between healthy vs. all colic horses and between healthy vs. SIRS-positive or negative horses at all sampling times. No correlation was observed between the SIRS score at admission and PCT values. PCT was statistically higher in colic horses compared to the healthy ones, suggesting a role as a biomarker for colic.
Irene Nocera; Francesca Bonelli; Valentina Vitale; Valentina Meucci; Giuseppe Conte; Eduard Jose-Cunilleras; Luis Gracia-Calvo; Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses. Animals 2021, 11, 2015 .
AMA StyleIrene Nocera, Francesca Bonelli, Valentina Vitale, Valentina Meucci, Giuseppe Conte, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Luis Gracia-Calvo, Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Nocera; Francesca Bonelli; Valentina Vitale; Valentina Meucci; Giuseppe Conte; Eduard Jose-Cunilleras; Luis Gracia-Calvo; Micaela Sgorbini. 2021. "Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses." Animals 11, no. 7: 2015.
Body measurements could be used to estimate body weight (BW) with no need for a scale. The aim was to estimate heifers weight based on their body dimension characteristics. Twenty-five Holstein heifers represent the study group (SG); another 13 animals were evaluated as a validation group (VG). All the heifers were weighed (BW) and their wither height (WH), shin circumference (SC), heart girth circumference (HG), body length (BL), hip width (HW) and body condition score (BCS) were measured immediately after birth, and then weekly until 2 months and monthly until 15 months old. Equations were built with a stepwise regression in order to estimate the BW at each time using body measures for the SG. A linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between the estimated BW and the real BW. Equations found were to be statistically significant (r2 = 0.688 to 0.894; p< 0.0001). Three variables or fewer were needed for BW estimation a total of 11/23 times. Regression analysis indicated that the use of HG was promising in all the equations built for BW estimation. These models were feasible in the field; further studies will evaluate possible modifications to our equations based on different growing rate targets.
Luca Turini; Giuseppe Conte; Francesca Bonelli; Alessio Madrigali; Brenno Marani; Micaela Sgorbini; Marcello Mele. Designing Statistical Models for Holstein Rearing Heifers’ Weight Estimation from Birth to 15 Months Old Using Body Measurements. Animals 2021, 11, 1846 .
AMA StyleLuca Turini, Giuseppe Conte, Francesca Bonelli, Alessio Madrigali, Brenno Marani, Micaela Sgorbini, Marcello Mele. Designing Statistical Models for Holstein Rearing Heifers’ Weight Estimation from Birth to 15 Months Old Using Body Measurements. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Turini; Giuseppe Conte; Francesca Bonelli; Alessio Madrigali; Brenno Marani; Micaela Sgorbini; Marcello Mele. 2021. "Designing Statistical Models for Holstein Rearing Heifers’ Weight Estimation from Birth to 15 Months Old Using Body Measurements." Animals 11, no. 7: 1846.
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between IgG Serum Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID), Electrophoresis Gamma Globulins (EGG), Electrophoresis Total Protein (ETP) and the serum total protein (TP) analyzed by refractometry and by a dry chemistry analyzer (Biuret) and to estimate serum IgG concentrations using serum TP. A total of 36 samples collected at four different times (birth, 6, 12, 24 hours after birth) from nine Amiata donkey foals were evaluated with SRID, EGG, ETP, serum TP Biuret and refractometry. SRID IgG concentration increased significantly over time until T12. Serum TP analyzed with refractometry, electrophoresis and Biuret showed a statistically significant difference between T0 and T6 vs T12 and T24. A good or strong correlation was found between different tests performed. Equations to quantify serum IgG were created and can be used for estimating the donkey foals’ serum IgG in the first day of life. Serum TP refractometry showed a high correlation with SRID IgG (0.91) which may be a particularly useful and economic instrument to estimate the transfer of immunity in donkey foals during the first day of life. Further studies evaluating a high number of animals are needed in order to set specific cut-off values.
Luca Turini; Francesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Valentina Meucci; Giuseppe Conte; Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study. Animals 2021, 11, 507 .
AMA StyleLuca Turini, Francesca Bonelli, Irene Nocera, Valentina Meucci, Giuseppe Conte, Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Turini; Francesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Valentina Meucci; Giuseppe Conte; Micaela Sgorbini. 2021. "Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study." Animals 11, no. 2: 507.
We evaluated the preventive effects of the oral administration of chestnut tannins (Castanea sativa) together with its potential metabolic effect on calf diarrhoea. Forty Italian Friesian female calves were included and divided into Group C (control group) and Group T (tannin-treated group). From the third day of life (T0) for the following 56 days (T56), calves from Group C received 2 L of warm water, while 10 g of chestnut tannin powder extract were added to Group T. Calves were weighed at birth and at T56. Daily faecal score evaluation was performed according to the literature. The age at diarrhoea onset (TDE) and the duration of the diarrhoeic episode were recorded. Blood methaemoglobin and liver enzymes were evaluated weekly starting from T0 to T56 by spectrophotometer and clinical chemistry analysis, respectively. The t-Student and chi-square tests were performed. The TDE was higher (p = .04) in Group T than in Group C (12.0 ± 8.2 and 7.7 ± 3.8 days, respectively). There were no differences for ADG between the groups. Group C spent 24.4% of the whole period with diarrhoea, whereas Group T experienced diarrhoea for 18.9% of the period (p = .001). All the blood and serum analytes were within physiological values. The administration of tannins in calves from the third day of life seemed to delay the onset of diarrhoea by almost four days, suggesting effective preventive action of chestnut tannins.
Francesca Bonelli; Luca Turini; Aurora Paganelli; Giuseppe Conte; Valentina Meucci; Micaela Sgorbini; Arianna Buccioni; Marcello Mele. Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 640 -649.
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Luca Turini, Aurora Paganelli, Giuseppe Conte, Valentina Meucci, Micaela Sgorbini, Arianna Buccioni, Marcello Mele. Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):640-649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Luca Turini; Aurora Paganelli; Giuseppe Conte; Valentina Meucci; Micaela Sgorbini; Arianna Buccioni; Marcello Mele. 2021. "Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 640-649.
We evaluated the udder cistern (UC) size during the dry period using ultrasound. Forty healthy quarters were evaluated in both the longitudinal and cross-section of the UC. Quarters were evaluated at the drying-off (T0) and 24 h later (T1), then regularly until the end of the dry period (T7–T58), during the colostrum production phase (TCPP) and at 7 days in milking (T7PP). The Spearman test was applied to find the correlation between the ultrasonographic UC size (UUCS) assessment and time. The Friedman test and Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons as a post-hoc test were performed to compare the forequarter and hindquarter cross-sections (FQCSs and HQCSs, respectively) and the forequarter and hindquarter longitudinal sections (FQLSs and HQLSs, respectively) at T0 vs. T58 vs. TCPP vs. T7PP. A total of 440 images were evaluated. A negative linear correlation between time and FQCS and FQLS (r = −0.95; p < 0.0004) and between time and HQCS and HQLS (r = −0.90; p < 0.002) was found. The UUCS decreased throughout the dry period, starting to increase at the beginning of the next lactation. Measuring the UUCS provides useful information for monitoring the dry period.
Francesca Bonelli; Chiara Orsetti; Luca Turini; Valentina Meucci; Alessio Pierattini; Micaela Sgorbini; Simonetta Citi. Mammary Cistern Size during the Dry Period in Healthy Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Study for an Ultrasonographic Evaluation. Animals 2020, 10, 2082 .
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Chiara Orsetti, Luca Turini, Valentina Meucci, Alessio Pierattini, Micaela Sgorbini, Simonetta Citi. Mammary Cistern Size during the Dry Period in Healthy Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Study for an Ultrasonographic Evaluation. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2082.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Chiara Orsetti; Luca Turini; Valentina Meucci; Alessio Pierattini; Micaela Sgorbini; Simonetta Citi. 2020. "Mammary Cistern Size during the Dry Period in Healthy Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Study for an Ultrasonographic Evaluation." Animals 10, no. 11: 2082.
In human medicine, procalcitonin (PCT), the precursor of calcitonin, is used for the rapid identification of the origin and severity of sepsis. In veterinary medicine, PCT has been studied in horses, cattle, and dogs, but the use of PCT in diagnostic and/or prognostic settings is not possible because of the lack of validated assays to obtain reference ranges. The aim of the present study was the investigation of commercially available ELISA kits for the detection of canine and equine PCT in plasma samples. Validation of the ELISA kits was performed by using species-specific recombinant proteins spiked both in plasma and buffer samples; linearity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery, and intra-assay and inter-assay variability were calculated. Moreover, clinical samples obtained from sick and healthy animals were also analyzed with the tested kits. Canine PCT was measured with a recombinant canine and a canine PCT ELISA kit. Equine PCT was measured with an equine and a human ELISA PCT kit. Our data demonstrate that the canine recombinant PCT ELISA kit can be used to measure canine PCT in plasma samples, showing an intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation less than 20% and a LOD of 11 pg/mL, whereas the present results do not support the use of the canine PCT ELISA kit. The human PCT ELISA kit is suitable to detect equine PCT with a LOD of 56 ng/mL, whereas the equine PCT ELISA kit did not detect recombinant equine PCT.
Federica Battaglia; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti; Francesca Bonelli; Micaela Sgorbini; George Lubas; Carlo Pretti; Luigi Intorre. Procalcitonin Detection in Veterinary Species: Investigation of Commercial ELISA Kits. Animals 2020, 10, 1511 .
AMA StyleFederica Battaglia, Valentina Meucci, Rosalba Tognetti, Francesca Bonelli, Micaela Sgorbini, George Lubas, Carlo Pretti, Luigi Intorre. Procalcitonin Detection in Veterinary Species: Investigation of Commercial ELISA Kits. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederica Battaglia; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti; Francesca Bonelli; Micaela Sgorbini; George Lubas; Carlo Pretti; Luigi Intorre. 2020. "Procalcitonin Detection in Veterinary Species: Investigation of Commercial ELISA Kits." Animals 10, no. 9: 1511.
Immunoglobulin type G (IgG) concentration both in jennies' colostrum and in serum of donkey foals are mostly unknown in the first 24 h after delivery. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the IgG concentrations of colostrum during the first 24 h of lactation of Amiata jennies, the absorption of colostrum and the weekly body weight gain of the donkey foals. IgG concentrations were assessed in the jennies' colostrum and in the serum of donkey foals. Colostrum was collected in 9 jennies ready after delivery, and at 6, 12, 24 h after foaling from both halves. Serum was collected at the same sampling times from 9 donkey foals. Donkey foals were weighted at birth and then weekly until the 28th days of life. Temporal changes of IgG concentrations in dam's colostrum and in donkey foal serum were analyzed by a linear regression model and a general linear model, respectively. Results showed that colostrum IgG concentration were similar between the left and the right half. Colostrum IgG concentrations decreased continuously throughout the time in all jennies by 0.0244 Log10 mg/mL per hour. Serum IgG concentrations in donkey foals at birth was significantly lower compared to other times. No correlation was found between the colostrum IgG concentrations and the average weekly body weight gain of the donkey foal. The pattern of colostrum IgG levels in jennies and serum IgG concentration in donkey foals seem to be similar to what reported for equine. However, the donkey foals seem to be less agammaglobulinemic at birth compared to the horse foal. The pattern and both serum and colostrum concentrations evaluated in the Amiata donkeys were slightly different from results reported in other donkey breeds, underlying the importance of setting references specific to breed.
Luca Turini; Francesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Federica Battaglia; Valentina Meucci; Duccio Panzani; Marcello Mele; Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of jennies' colostrum: IgG concentrations and absorption in the donkey foals. A preliminary study. Heliyon 2020, 6, e04598 .
AMA StyleLuca Turini, Francesca Bonelli, Irene Nocera, Federica Battaglia, Valentina Meucci, Duccio Panzani, Marcello Mele, Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of jennies' colostrum: IgG concentrations and absorption in the donkey foals. A preliminary study. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (8):e04598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Turini; Francesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Federica Battaglia; Valentina Meucci; Duccio Panzani; Marcello Mele; Micaela Sgorbini. 2020. "Evaluation of jennies' colostrum: IgG concentrations and absorption in the donkey foals. A preliminary study." Heliyon 6, no. 8: e04598.
The present study investigated whether the fatty acid composition of milk changes in relation to an increase in the milk somatic cell count (SCC) of separate udder quarters. We investigated the potential of multivariate factor analysis to extract metabolic evidence from data on the quantity and quality of milk of quarters characterized by different SCC levels. We collected data from individual milk samples taken from single quarters of 49 Italian Holstein cows from the same dairy farm. Factor analysis was carried out on 64 individual fatty acids. In line with a previous study on multivariate factor analysis, a variable was considered to be associated with a specific factor if the absolute value of its correlation with the factor was ≥0.60. Seven factors were extracted that explained the following groups of fatty acids or functions: de novo synthesis, energy balance, uptake of dietary fatty acids, biohydrogenation, short-chain fatty acids, very long chain fatty acids, and odd- and branched-chain fatty acids. An ANOVA of factor scores highlighted the significant effects of the SCC level on de novo fatty acids and biohydrogenation. The de novo fatty acid factor decreased significantly with a high level of SCC, from just 10,000 cells/mL, whereas the biohydrogenation factor showed a significantly higher level in quarters with SCC levels greater than 400,000 cells/mL. This statistical approach enabled us to reduce the number of variables to a few latent factors with biological significance and to represent groups of fatty acids with a common origin and function. Multivariate factor analysis could therefore be key to studying the influence of SCC on the lipid metabolism of single quarters. This approach also demonstrated the metabolic differences between quarters of the same animal showing a different level of SCC.
L. Turini; G. Conte; F. Bonelli; A. Serra; M. Sgorbini; M. Mele. Multivariate factor analysis of milk fatty acid composition in relation to the somatic cell count of single udder quarters. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 7392 -7406.
AMA StyleL. Turini, G. Conte, F. Bonelli, A. Serra, M. Sgorbini, M. Mele. Multivariate factor analysis of milk fatty acid composition in relation to the somatic cell count of single udder quarters. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (8):7392-7406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Turini; G. Conte; F. Bonelli; A. Serra; M. Sgorbini; M. Mele. 2020. "Multivariate factor analysis of milk fatty acid composition in relation to the somatic cell count of single udder quarters." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 8: 7392-7406.
In the present study, changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with romifidine sedation in buffalo were evaluated. Eighteen healthy adult, non-pregnant, buffalo without ocular abnormalities were used in a prospective randomized trial. Buffalo were allocated into three groups (six each). Buffalo in the treated groups received an intramuscular injection (IM) of romifidine at 40 or 50 μg/kg. The control group was administrated an equivalent volume of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl; 0.4 ml/100 kg). Baseline IOP (T0) values were obtained using applanation tonometry. Immediately afterwards, romifidine was administered and IOP values of both eyes were measured at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min post-administration. The pre-administration values (T0) of IOP for both the left and right eyes ranged from 30-36 (mean, 33 ± 1.5) mmHg and 30–35 (mean, 33.7 ± 1.4), respectively. IOP values decreased significantly after administration of both doses of romifidine compared with the placebo (P < 0.01). Compared with the control, the IOP decreased significantly in animals treated with both doses from 5-90 min post-administration in both eyes (P < 0.05). In the right eye, the lowest IOP value in the romifidine treated groups was observed at T30 (21.6 ± 1.0 and 23.3 ± 1.4 mmHg), respectively. In the left eye, the lowest IOP was observed at T60 (22.5 ± 3.0 and 23.3 ± 2.8 mmHg), respectively. In conclusion, romifidine could be recommended as an alternative analgesic in buffalo, especially for ocular affections associated with increased IOP. A dose of 40 μg/kg could be used at a low cost.
A. Rizk; Irene Nocera; A. Briganti; K. Abouelnasr; Sabry El-Khodery; M. Tagawa; F. Bonelli. Dose-dependent effect of romifidine on intraocular pressure in clinically healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Heliyon 2019, 5, e02930 .
AMA StyleA. Rizk, Irene Nocera, A. Briganti, K. Abouelnasr, Sabry El-Khodery, M. Tagawa, F. Bonelli. Dose-dependent effect of romifidine on intraocular pressure in clinically healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Heliyon. 2019; 5 (12):e02930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Rizk; Irene Nocera; A. Briganti; K. Abouelnasr; Sabry El-Khodery; M. Tagawa; F. Bonelli. 2019. "Dose-dependent effect of romifidine on intraocular pressure in clinically healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)." Heliyon 5, no. 12: e02930.
Plasma clearance of iohexol is a reliable method to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The relationship between aging and GFR in horses is unclear. To compare GFR estimated by iohexol clearance in horses of different ages. Twenty-one clinically healthy horses were enrolled. Prospective study. Groups: (A) composed by 8 young horses (≤14 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, (B) by 7 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, and (C) by 6 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. Iohexol was injected (75.5 mg/kg) through an IV catheter, and plasma samples were collected 5, 30, and 90 minutes later. Plasma clearance of iohexol was obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method. The GFR was 2., 2.1, and 1.45 mL/min/kg (median value) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Statistical analysis showed differences between Group A versus C for urea, Group A versus B and A versus C for creatinine, and A versus C for GFR. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced in aged horses with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL compared to young horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL; no differences were obtained between young and aged horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL. Glomerular filtration rate evaluation should be considered in aged horses even if the plasma creatinine values are normal.
Ilaria Lippi; Francesca Bonelli; Valentina Meucci; Valentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2019, 33, 2765 -2769.
AMA StyleIlaria Lippi, Francesca Bonelli, Valentina Meucci, Valentina Vitale, Micaela Sgorbini. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2019; 33 (6):2765-2769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Lippi; Francesca Bonelli; Valentina Meucci; Valentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini. 2019. "Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 33, no. 6: 2765-2769.
The assessment of the behavior and physiological parameters of neonatal foals is essential in the detection of early signs of illness. Modified Apgar scoring systems from human medicine exist and have been validated in foals as a guide for assessing neonatal viability after birth. This study evaluated the viability of 44 Amiata donkey foals at birth, by assessing the Apgar score and comparing the relationship between viability and various physical parameters. A total of 44 Amiata donkey foals and 27 jennies were enrolled in this study. An expert operator examined each foal within 5 minutes of birth. A complete physical examination was performed, along with an existing four-parameter Apgar score. The presence of the suckling reflex was evaluated. The interval time needed to acquire sternal recumbency and quadrupedal position, as well as nurse from the mare, were recorded. In addition, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and rectal body temperature (BT) were measured. Results were expressed as medianstandard error, minimum and maximum values. The effects of the Apgar score on time to reach sternal position and quadrupedal standing, time to nurse from the mare, RR, HR, and BT were estimated along with the differences related to Apgar scoring and gender. Differences between female and male donkey foals regarding the time to acquire sternal position and quadrupedal standing, time to nurse from the mare, RR, HR, and BT were also assessed. Differences between female and male donkey foals regarding the Apgar score was evaluated using a chi-Square test. Finally, the reference values for Amiata donkeys were also calculated. Twenty/44 (45.4%) foals were colts and 24/44 (54.5%) were fillies born from 27 jennies. None of the foals showed an Apgar score lower than 6. Twenty-nine out of 44 foals showed an Apgar score of 8/8, 10/44 a score of 7/8, while 5 foals (11.3%) showed a score of 6/8. No differences between fillies and colts in relation to the Apgar score were obtained.
Francesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Giuseppe Conte; Duccio Panzani; Micaela Sgorbini. Relation between Apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn Amiata donkey foals at birth. Theriogenology 2019, 142, 310 -314.
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Irene Nocera, Giuseppe Conte, Duccio Panzani, Micaela Sgorbini. Relation between Apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn Amiata donkey foals at birth. Theriogenology. 2019; 142 ():310-314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Irene Nocera; Giuseppe Conte; Duccio Panzani; Micaela Sgorbini. 2019. "Relation between Apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn Amiata donkey foals at birth." Theriogenology 142, no. : 310-314.
Continuous ECG monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing arrhythmias that occur intermittently or under exercise. The aim of this study was to compare two different methods for 24-hour Holter monitoring in horses, a 7-electrode system (7-ES) versus a 4-electrode system (4-ES), assessing the recording performance at rest and during exercise. Six standardbred horses were included in the present prospective study. Two different methods for 24-hour Holter monitoring were used in each horse with a washout period of one week between each recording method. In the first 15 minutes of the 24-hour Holter monitoring, a standard exercise test was performed. Holter recordings were analysed in terms of number of recorded hours; number of detached electrodes; total duration of artifacts over the 15-minute exercise. The number of recorded hours was significantly higher in the 7-ES (24 hours, range: 23-24 hours) in comparison to the 4-ES (6.5 hours, range: 1.2-20 hours; P<0.05). The number of detached electrodes was not significantly different between the two systems. The total duration of artifacts over the 15-minute exercise was significantly higher in the 7-ES (155 sec, range: 35-378 sec) than in the 4-ES (25 sec, range: 10-32 sec; P<0.05). Our results showed a better recording performance during exercise using the 4-ES due to the lower number of artifacts. The 7-ES showed a better performance in terms of recording duration. In conclusion, we suggest using the 4-ES for exercise tests, and the 7-ES when a longer ECG recording at rest is required.
Tommaso Vezzosi; Valentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini; Rosalba Tognetti; Francesca Bonelli. Two Methods for 24-hour Holter Monitoring in Horses: Evaluation of Recording Performance at Rest and During Exercise. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2019, 79, 127 -130.
AMA StyleTommaso Vezzosi, Valentina Vitale, Micaela Sgorbini, Rosalba Tognetti, Francesca Bonelli. Two Methods for 24-hour Holter Monitoring in Horses: Evaluation of Recording Performance at Rest and During Exercise. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2019; 79 ():127-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Vezzosi; Valentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini; Rosalba Tognetti; Francesca Bonelli. 2019. "Two Methods for 24-hour Holter Monitoring in Horses: Evaluation of Recording Performance at Rest and During Exercise." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 79, no. : 127-130.
There has been increasing interest in blood gas analysis in donkeys. “Point-of-care (POC) testing” is a diagnostic testing performed on or immediately next to the patient. This study assesses the agreement between two POC blood gas analyzers in donkeys. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected from 17 donkeys and analyzed using a fully automated blood gas analyzer (ABL 700 Series Radiometer, Denmark) (RAD) and two POC blood gas analyzers (i-STAT System; VetStat, Idexx). The parameters revealed by all three devices were submitted to a canonical discriminant analysis, to evaluate which parameters differentiated the POC analyzers from the RAD. On the basis of the discriminant analysis, we evaluated the best POC for each parameter registered, in comparison with RAD. The results also changed depending on the type of blood (venous or arterial blood). The agreement between i-STAT and RAD was good for venous samples, but was poor for arterial samples. A poor agreement was found between VetStat and RAD for both venous and arterial samples. The increment of the number of subjects might lead to a better understanding of the potential role of the POCs in clinical setting. Finally, increasing the study population is recommended to set reference values.
Francesca Bonelli; Fulvio Laus; Angela Briganti; Flavia Evangelista; Marilena Bazzano; Giuseppe Conte; Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Two Handheld Point-of-Care Blood Gas Analyzers in Healthy Donkeys. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2019, 79, 94 -99.
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Fulvio Laus, Angela Briganti, Flavia Evangelista, Marilena Bazzano, Giuseppe Conte, Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of Two Handheld Point-of-Care Blood Gas Analyzers in Healthy Donkeys. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2019; 79 ():94-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Fulvio Laus; Angela Briganti; Flavia Evangelista; Marilena Bazzano; Giuseppe Conte; Micaela Sgorbini. 2019. "Evaluation of Two Handheld Point-of-Care Blood Gas Analyzers in Healthy Donkeys." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 79, no. : 94-99.
The distinction between lower respiratory tract infections caused by Rhodococcus equi and those caused by other pathogens is difficult. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe cytological findings in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of foals with pneumonia caused by R. equi or other bacteria. Nineteen foals aged from 3 weeks to 6 months with evidence of respiratory disease between 2015 and 2016 were selected from the database of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato" of the University of Pisa. Eight foals of 19 (42.1%) had R. equi pneumonia, whereas 11 of 19 (57.9%) had another bacterial pneumonia. R. equi-positive foals had statistically significant higher total nucleated cell count (P = .02) and neutrophils percentage (P = .002) than R. equi-negative ones. Macrophages proportion (P = .01) was lower in R. equi-positive than in R. equi-negative foals. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a quite easy procedure that can be performed in the field with minimal equipment required. Here we reported significant differences in the cellular composition of BALF that can be used to differentiate foals with R. equi bronchopneumonia from those with other bacterial pneumonias, whereas waiting for culture results.
Valentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini; Vincenzo Cuteri; Silvia Preziuso; Anna Rita Attili; Francesca Bonelli. Cytological Findings in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Foals With Pneumonia Caused by Rhodococcus equi and Other Bacteria. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2019, 79, 9 -12.
AMA StyleValentina Vitale, Micaela Sgorbini, Vincenzo Cuteri, Silvia Preziuso, Anna Rita Attili, Francesca Bonelli. Cytological Findings in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Foals With Pneumonia Caused by Rhodococcus equi and Other Bacteria. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2019; 79 ():9-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Vitale; Micaela Sgorbini; Vincenzo Cuteri; Silvia Preziuso; Anna Rita Attili; Francesca Bonelli. 2019. "Cytological Findings in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Foals With Pneumonia Caused by Rhodococcus equi and Other Bacteria." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 79, no. : 9-12.
Salivary cortisol provides information about free plasma cortisol concentration and salivary sampling is a non-invasive well-tolerated procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the determination of salivary cortisol in donkeys. Saliva samples were collected in 4 donkey stallions on thirteen non-consecutive days at 8:30 AM to avoid circadian variation. Animals were already accustomed to be handled. Saliva was collected by using a swab inserted at the angle of the lips, placed onto the tongue for 1 min and returned into a polypropylene tube. Tubes were centrifuged and at least 1 ml of saliva was aspirated from each sample and frozen at −20° C until analysis. A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit without extraction was used for determination of cortisol in saliva. Median cortisol concentrations with minimum and maximum value were calculated. Recovery of cortisol standard in donkey saliva was between 97.3% and 99.7% and serial dilution of donkey saliva samples with assay buffer resulted in changes in optical density parallel to the standard curve. Cross-reactivity of the antiserum was 10.4% with 11-deoxycortisol, 5.2% with corticosterone, 0.4% with 11-deoxycorticosterone, 0.2% with cortisone and <0.1% with testosterone, progesterone and estradiol. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 10.7%, the inter-assay variation was 8.0% and the minimal detectable concentration was 0.01 ng/ml. The results of the present study demonstrate the validity of a commercial kit to determine the concentration of cortisol in donkey saliva, as already reported in other species.
Francesca Bonelli; Alessandra Rota; Christine Aurich; Natascha Ille; Francesco Camillo; Duccio Panzani; Micaela Sgorbini. Determination of Salivary Cortisol in Donkey Stallions. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2019, 77, 68 -71.
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Alessandra Rota, Christine Aurich, Natascha Ille, Francesco Camillo, Duccio Panzani, Micaela Sgorbini. Determination of Salivary Cortisol in Donkey Stallions. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2019; 77 ():68-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Alessandra Rota; Christine Aurich; Natascha Ille; Francesco Camillo; Duccio Panzani; Micaela Sgorbini. 2019. "Determination of Salivary Cortisol in Donkey Stallions." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 77, no. : 68-71.
There is good diagnostic accuracy of smartphone‐based ECG in the evaluation of heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, and ECG values for humans, horses, dogs, and cats. Assess feasibility and reliability of a smartphone ECG device to evaluate HR expressed as beats per minute and ECG values in cows. Fifty‐five healthy Holstein Friesian cows. Prospective observational study. A standard base‐apex ECG was acquired for 60 seconds in each cow. A smartphone ECG tracing was recorded simultaneously using a single‐lead bipolar ECG recorder. All ECGs were reviewed by 1 blinded investigator. The following ECG variables were assessed: HR, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval (milliseconds), P wave, and QRS complex polarity. Agreement between standard and smartphone ECG was evaluated by Cohen's k test and the Bland‐Altman test. Smartphone ECG tracings were interpretable in 89% of the recordings. Minimal differences of no clinical relevance were found between standard and smartphone ECG tracings regarding HR and duration of ECG waves and interval. Good agreement found in the evaluation of QRS complex polarity (85%) but not for P wave polarity (k = 0.006). Artifacts were rare but of significantly higher frequency in smartphone ECG compared to standard ECG tracings (22% versus 0%; P = .005). Good quality single‐lead ECG tracings can be recorded by smartphone device in healthy cows. Smartphone tracings are reliable for evaluation of HR and selective ECG variables. Smartphone ECG can represent an additional tool for ECG screening in cows.
Francesca Bonelli; Tommaso Vezzosi; Mireille Meylan; Irene Nocera; Vincenzo Ferrulli; Carlotta Buralli; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti. Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2018, 33, 981 -986.
AMA StyleFrancesca Bonelli, Tommaso Vezzosi, Mireille Meylan, Irene Nocera, Vincenzo Ferrulli, Carlotta Buralli, Valentina Meucci, Rosalba Tognetti. Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2018; 33 (2):981-986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Bonelli; Tommaso Vezzosi; Mireille Meylan; Irene Nocera; Vincenzo Ferrulli; Carlotta Buralli; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti. 2018. "Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 33, no. 2: 981-986.
Salivary cortisol provides information about free plasma cortisol concentration and salivary sampling is a non-invasive well-tolerate procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the determination of salivary cortisol in donkeys. Saliva samples were collected in 4 donkey stallions on thirteen non-consecutive days at 8:30 AM to avoid circadian variation. Animals were already accustomed to be handled. Saliva was collected by using a swab inserted at the angle of the lips, placed onto the tongue for 1 min and returned into a polypropylene tube. Tubes were centrifuged and at least 1 ml of saliva was aspirated from each sample and frozen at −20° C until analysis. A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit without extraction was used for determination of cortisol in saliva. Median cortisol concentrations with minimum and maximum value were calculated. Recovery of cortisol standard in donkey saliva was 107.9% and serial dilution of donkey saliva samples with assay buffer resulted in changes in optical density parallel to the standard curve. Cross-reactivity of the antiserum was 10.4% with 11-deoxycortisol, 5.2% with corticosterone, 0.4% with 11-deoxycorticosterone, 0.2% with cortisone and
Micaela Sgorbini; Francesca Bonelli; Alessandra Rota; Christine Aurich; Natascha Ille; Francesco Camillo; Duccio Panzani. Determination of salivary cortisol in donkey stallions. 2018, 493965 .
AMA StyleMicaela Sgorbini, Francesca Bonelli, Alessandra Rota, Christine Aurich, Natascha Ille, Francesco Camillo, Duccio Panzani. Determination of salivary cortisol in donkey stallions. . 2018; ():493965.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMicaela Sgorbini; Francesca Bonelli; Alessandra Rota; Christine Aurich; Natascha Ille; Francesco Camillo; Duccio Panzani. 2018. "Determination of salivary cortisol in donkey stallions." , no. : 493965.
Tommaso Vezzosi; Micaela Sgorbini; Francesca Bonelli; Carlotta Buralli; Mafalda Pillotti; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti. Evaluation of a Smartphone Electrocardiograph in Healthy Horses: Comparison With Standard Base-apex Electrocardiography. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2018, 67, 61 -65.
AMA StyleTommaso Vezzosi, Micaela Sgorbini, Francesca Bonelli, Carlotta Buralli, Mafalda Pillotti, Valentina Meucci, Rosalba Tognetti. Evaluation of a Smartphone Electrocardiograph in Healthy Horses: Comparison With Standard Base-apex Electrocardiography. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2018; 67 ():61-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Vezzosi; Micaela Sgorbini; Francesca Bonelli; Carlotta Buralli; Mafalda Pillotti; Valentina Meucci; Rosalba Tognetti. 2018. "Evaluation of a Smartphone Electrocardiograph in Healthy Horses: Comparison With Standard Base-apex Electrocardiography." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 67, no. : 61-65.
Neonatal calf diarrhea is generally caused by infectious agents and is a very common disease in bovine practice, leading to substantial economic losses. Tannins are known for their astringent and anti-inflammatory properties in the gastro-enteric tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oral administration of chestnut tannins (Castanea sativa Mill.) in order to reduce the duration of calf neonatal diarrhea. Twenty-four Italian Friesian calves affected by neonatal diarrhea were included. The duration of the diarrheic episode (DDE) was recorded and the animals were divided into a control group (C), which received Effydral® in 2 l of warm water, and a tannin-treated group (T), which received Effydral® in 2 l of warm water plus 10 g of extract of chestnut tannins powder. A Mann-Whitney test was performed to verify differences for the DDE values between the two groups. The DDE was significantly higher in group C than in group T (p = 0.02), resulting in 10.1 ± 3.2 and 6.6 ± 3.8 days, respectively. Phytotherapic treatments for various diseases have become more common both in human and in veterinary medicine, in order to reduce the presence of antibiotic molecules in the food chain and in the environment. Administration of tannins in calves with diarrhea seemed to shorten the DDE in T by almost 4 days compared to C, suggesting an effective astringent action of chestnut tannins in the calf, as already reported in humans. The use of chestnut tannins in calves could represent an effective, low-impact treatment for neonatal diarrhea.
F. Bonelli; L. Turini; G. Sarri; A. Serra; A. Buccioni; M. Mele. Oral administration of chestnut tannins to reduce the duration of neonatal calf diarrhea. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 1 -6.
AMA StyleF. Bonelli, L. Turini, G. Sarri, A. Serra, A. Buccioni, M. Mele. Oral administration of chestnut tannins to reduce the duration of neonatal calf diarrhea. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Bonelli; L. Turini; G. Sarri; A. Serra; A. Buccioni; M. Mele. 2018. "Oral administration of chestnut tannins to reduce the duration of neonatal calf diarrhea." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 1-6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate three commercially available rapid immunochromatographic tests for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum antigens in faeces of naturally infected neonatal diarrhoeic calves. FASTest® CRYPTO strip, FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA Strip and TETRASTRIPS® were compared for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value using a cumulative positivity as gold standard. In addition, the agreement between each test and the gold standard was evaluated by Cohen’s Kappa (k) value. The highest infection rate was observed by FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA Strip (65.15%), followed by FASTest® CRYPTO strip (63.64%) and TETRASTRIPS® (56.06%,). A very good diagnostic performance of all the three tests was observed. FASTest® CRYPTO strip (k = 0.935) and FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA Strip (k = 0.968) had the highest sensitivity (100%) while TETRASTRIPS® (k = 0.875) had the highest specificity (100%). Eimeria spp oocysts were present in six samples but cross-reaction with this protozoan was not observed. These assays were not time-consuming and very easy to perform and to read. Based on our results, we recommend the use of FASTest® CRYPTO strip, FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA Strip or/and TETRASTRIPS® for detection of C. parvum antigens in faeces of neonatal diarrhoeic calves.
Roberto Papini; Francesca Bonelli; Marco Montagnani; Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of three commercial rapid kits to detect Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhoeic calf stool. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2018, 17, 1059 -1064.
AMA StyleRoberto Papini, Francesca Bonelli, Marco Montagnani, Micaela Sgorbini. Evaluation of three commercial rapid kits to detect Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhoeic calf stool. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 17 (4):1059-1064.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Papini; Francesca Bonelli; Marco Montagnani; Micaela Sgorbini. 2018. "Evaluation of three commercial rapid kits to detect Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhoeic calf stool." Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, no. 4: 1059-1064.