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E Philippou
Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK

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Short Biography

Dr. Elena Philippou, Ph.D., RD, is an associate professor in Nutrition-Dietetics at the University of Nicosia and a visiting lecturer in Nutritional Sciences at King’s College London. She holds a BSc in Nutrition (2001), a PgDip in Dietetics (2002) from King’s College London, and a Ph.D. in Dietetics from Imperial College London (2008). She previously worked as a registered dietitian at Aintree Hospital, UK, and as a research fellow at the Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Philippou’s research is focused on diet and neurodegenerative disease prevention, specifically the effects of the Mediterranean diet and carbohydrate manipulation on cognitive function, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiometabolic factors. She has a number of national and international collaborations including the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Neurodegenerative Diseases Networking Group. Dr. Philippou also practices as a clinical dietitian, advising adults and children on diet-related issues.

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Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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Older adults are at risk for poor immune response to infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although no diet can prevent COVID-19, eating healthily protects your health and strengthens your immune system. Healthy eating is very important for older individuals, especially those with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or cancer.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Ahmed Negm; Patricia C. Heyn. Ten Simple Dietary Steps to Strengthen Your Immune System – A Guide for Elderly Individuals at Risk of COVID-19. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Ahmed Negm, Patricia C. Heyn. Ten Simple Dietary Steps to Strengthen Your Immune System – A Guide for Elderly Individuals at Risk of COVID-19. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Ahmed Negm; Patricia C. Heyn. 2021. "Ten Simple Dietary Steps to Strengthen Your Immune System – A Guide for Elderly Individuals at Risk of COVID-19." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Nutrients
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The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been sponsored worldwide as a healthy and sustainable diet. Our aim was to update and compare MD adherence and food choices across several Southern European countries: Spain (SP), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Greece (GR), and Cyprus (CY) (MED, Mediterranean), and Bulgaria (BG) and the Republic of North Macedonia (NMK) (non-MED, non-Mediterranean). Participants (N = 3145, ≥18 y) completed a survey (MeDiWeB) with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and food questions (14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, 14-MEDAS). The MED and non-MED populations showed moderate (7.08 ± 1.96) and weak (5.58 ± 1.82) MD adherence, respectively, with significant yet small differences across countries (SP > PT > GR > IT > CY > BG > NMK, p-value < 0.001). The MED participants scored higher than the non-MED ones for most of the Mediterranean-typical foods, with the greatest differences found for olive oil (OO) and white meat preference. In most countries, ≥70% of the participants reported quantities of red meat, butter, sweet drinks, and desserts below the recommended cutoff points, whereas <50% achieved the targets for plant-based foods, OO, fish, and wine. Being a woman and increasing age were associated with superior adherence (p-value < 0.001), but differences were rather small. Our results suggest that the campaigns carried out to support and reinforce the MD and to promote plant-based foods have limited success across Southern Europe, and that more hard-hitting strategies are needed.

ACS Style

Stefano Quarta; Marika Massaro; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Dessislava Dimitrova; Rui Jorge; Vanda Andrade; Elena Philippou; Constantinos Zisimou; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Deligiannidou; Christos Kontogiorgis; Julio Sánchez-Meca; Paula Pinto; María-Teresa García-Conesa. Persistent Moderate-to-Weak Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Low Scoring for Plant-Based Foods across Several Southern European Countries: Are We Overlooking the Mediterranean Diet Recommendations? Nutrients 2021, 13, 1432 .

AMA Style

Stefano Quarta, Marika Massaro, Mihail Chervenkov, Teodora Ivanova, Dessislava Dimitrova, Rui Jorge, Vanda Andrade, Elena Philippou, Constantinos Zisimou, Viktorija Maksimova, Katarina Smilkov, Darinka Ackova, Lence Miloseva, Tatjana Ruskovska, Georgia Deligiannidou, Christos Kontogiorgis, Julio Sánchez-Meca, Paula Pinto, María-Teresa García-Conesa. Persistent Moderate-to-Weak Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Low Scoring for Plant-Based Foods across Several Southern European Countries: Are We Overlooking the Mediterranean Diet Recommendations? Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Quarta; Marika Massaro; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Dessislava Dimitrova; Rui Jorge; Vanda Andrade; Elena Philippou; Constantinos Zisimou; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Deligiannidou; Christos Kontogiorgis; Julio Sánchez-Meca; Paula Pinto; María-Teresa García-Conesa. 2021. "Persistent Moderate-to-Weak Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Low Scoring for Plant-Based Foods across Several Southern European Countries: Are We Overlooking the Mediterranean Diet Recommendations?" Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1432.

Preprint
Published: 02 April 2021
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The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) resulted in lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced by governments. Using a cross-sectional design, this study aimed to identify changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) and associations with personality, during lockdown in Qatar. A sample of 543 participants was recruited online between April and May 2020. Results showed a reduction in Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during lockdown (5.9 ± 0.08) compared to before lockdown (6.1 ± 0.08) (p ˂ 0.001). Although there was an increase in the percentage of participants who consumed ≥4 tablespoons olive oil per day (9% vs 12%; p ˂ 0.001), vegetables (54.3% vs 58.7%; p = 0.005), legumes (11.8% vs 15.3%; p = 0.007) and sofrito (70.9% vs 77.3%; p ˂ 0.001), there was also a significant decrease in the percentage of participants who consumed fresh fruit (39.4% vs 15.8%; p ˂ 0.001) and fish/seafood (5.9% vs 3.9%; p = 0.035) and an increase in saturated fat consumption (45.9% vs 53.8%; p ˂ 0.001), during lockdown compared to before lockdown. Participants who scored high in the extraversion personality dimension had a higher MD adherence (B = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.04, 1.64; p = 0.039) before lockdown compared to participants who scored high in the agreeableness personality dimension, although this difference did not reach statistical significance during lockdown. Those who scored high in openness had the lowest change in MD adherence score (B = -0.31; 95% CI = -0.58, -0.04; p = 0.026). Total PA (B = -506.26; 95% CI = -678.60, -333.92; p ˂ 0.001), vigorous activity (B = -155.95; 95% CI = -274.64, - 38.21; p = 0.010), moderate activity (B = -93.04; 95% CI = -148.07, -38.01; p = 0.010) and walking (B = -257.27; 95% CI = -337.87, -176.67; p ˂ 0.001) were decreased during lockdown, while sitting was increased compared to before lockdown (B = 940.91, 95% CI = 831.9, 1049.90; p ˂ 0.001). Openness was positively associated with all PA (B = 562.2; 95% CI = 62.7, 106.7; p = 0.027), including walking (B = 241.7; 95 % CI = 29.4, 454.0; p = 0.026) and negatively associated with sitting (B= -303.4; 95% CI = -590.0; -16.8; p = 0.038) when compared to those with high agreeableness scores, before lockdown. During lockdown, the time spent sitting was lower in those with high scores on neuroticism when compared to those with high agreeableness scores (B= -619.5; 95 % CI = -1215,-23.9; p = 0.042). Differential changes in lifestyle habits by personality dimensions during lockdown, suggest the need to tailor lifestyle interventions based on people’s personality types, for more effective lifestyle change.

ACS Style

Tamara Al-Abdi; Alexandros Heraclides; Alexia Papageorgiou; Elena Philippou. Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors and their Association with Personality Among Adults in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tamara Al-Abdi, Alexandros Heraclides, Alexia Papageorgiou, Elena Philippou. Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors and their Association with Personality Among Adults in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tamara Al-Abdi; Alexandros Heraclides; Alexia Papageorgiou; Elena Philippou. 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors and their Association with Personality Among Adults in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The Mediterranean diet (MD) and other lifestyle characteristics have been associated with well-being, a broad multiparameter concept that includes individual’s subjective assessment of their own well-being (SWB). Some studies have suggested that diet influences SWB, thus, this work aimed to add novel information on the association of MD and SWB in a sample of Portuguese adults. Data on sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle, diet, and SWB were collected through a self-filled online questionnaire. MD adherence was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score ]. Results showed a moderate adherence to the MD in 490 Portuguese adults (mean MEDAS of 7.4 ± 2.1). A higher MD adherence was found to be significantly positively associated with women, employed individuals, a higher number of meals per day, and those with frequent contact with nature (p-value < 0.0025, using Bonferroni adjustment). As a novelty, this study divided the participants into low SWB, medium SWB, and medium to high SWB profiles (3.9 ± 1.0; 6.2 ± 1.0; 8.2 ± 1.3, respectively; p-value < 0.05), which reported significantly increasing MEDAS scores (6.5 ± 2.1; 7.3 ± 2.1; 7.8 ± 1.9; respectively, p-value < 0.05).

ACS Style

Vanda Andrade; Rui Jorge; María-Teresa García-Conesa; Elena Philippou; Marika Massaro; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou; Christos A. Kontogiorgis; Paula Pinto. Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Subjective Well-Being in a Sample of Portuguese Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3837 .

AMA Style

Vanda Andrade, Rui Jorge, María-Teresa García-Conesa, Elena Philippou, Marika Massaro, Mihail Chervenkov, Teodora Ivanova, Viktorija Maksimova, Katarina Smilkov, Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova, Lence Miloseva, Tatjana Ruskovska, Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou, Christos A. Kontogiorgis, Paula Pinto. Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Subjective Well-Being in a Sample of Portuguese Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanda Andrade; Rui Jorge; María-Teresa García-Conesa; Elena Philippou; Marika Massaro; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou; Christos A. Kontogiorgis; Paula Pinto. 2020. "Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Subjective Well-Being in a Sample of Portuguese Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3837.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2020 in Nutrients
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This study provides comprehensive validation of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) in an adult population from Greece (GR), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Spain (SP), Cyprus (CY), Republic of North Macedonia (NMK), and Bulgaria (BG). A moderate association between the 14-MEDAS and the reference food diary was estimated for the entire population (Pearson r = 0.573, p-value < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.692, p-value < 0.001) with the strongest correlation found in GR, followed by PT, IT, SP, and CY. These results were supported by kappa statistics in GR, PT, IT, and SP with ≥50% of food items exhibiting a fair or better agreement. Bland–Altman analyses showed an overestimation of the 14-MEDAS score in the whole population (0.79 ± 1.81, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 0.96), but this value was variable across countries, with GR, NMK, and BG exhibiting the lowest bias. Taking all analyses together, the validation achieved slightly better results in the Mediterranean countries but a definitive validation ranking order was not evident. Considering growing evidence of the shift from Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and of the importance of culture in making food choices it is crucial that we further improve validation protocols with specific applications to compare MD adherence across countries.

ACS Style

María-Teresa García-Conesa; Elena Philippou; Christos Pafilas; Marika Massaro; Stefano Quarta; Vanda Andrade; Rui Jorge; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Dessislava Dimitrova; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou; Christos A. Kontogiorgis; Paula Pinto. Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2960 .

AMA Style

María-Teresa García-Conesa, Elena Philippou, Christos Pafilas, Marika Massaro, Stefano Quarta, Vanda Andrade, Rui Jorge, Mihail Chervenkov, Teodora Ivanova, Dessislava Dimitrova, Viktorija Maksimova, Katarina Smilkov, Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova, Lence Miloseva, Tatjana Ruskovska, Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou, Christos A. Kontogiorgis, Paula Pinto. Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (10):2960.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María-Teresa García-Conesa; Elena Philippou; Christos Pafilas; Marika Massaro; Stefano Quarta; Vanda Andrade; Rui Jorge; Mihail Chervenkov; Teodora Ivanova; Dessislava Dimitrova; Viktorija Maksimova; Katarina Smilkov; Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova; Lence Miloseva; Tatjana Ruskovska; Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou; Christos A. Kontogiorgis; Paula Pinto. 2020. "Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region." Nutrients 12, no. 10: 2960.

Review
Published: 24 September 2020 in Nutrition Reviews
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Context Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder associated with iron dysregulation in children. Although previous focus was on examining systemic iron status, brain iron content may be a more reliable biomarker of the disorder. Objective This systematic review examines whether children with ADHD have lower serum as well as brain iron concentrations, compared with healthy control subjects (HCS). Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase. and Ovid for papers published between 2000 and June 7, 2019. Data extraction Studies were included if the mean difference of iron concentration, measured as serum iron, serum ferritin, or brain iron, between children with ADHD and HCS was an outcome measure. Data analysis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Risks of bias within and between studies were assessed using the quality assessment tools of the National Institutes of Health. Of 599 records screened, 20 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. In 10 of 18 studies in which serum ferritin concentration was assessed, and 2 of 10 studies that assessed serum iron, a significant difference between children with ADHD and HCS was observed. Results of systemic iron levels were inconsistent. In 3 studies in which brain iron concentration was assessed, a statistically significant, lower thalamic iron concentration was found in children with ADHD than in HCS. Conclusion The evidence, though limited, reveals that brain iron rather than systemic iron levels may be more associated with the pathophysiology of ADHD in children. Larger, longitudinal, magnetic resonance imaging studies are needed to examine any correlations of iron deficiency in specific brain regions and symptoms of ADHD.

ACS Style

Alexia Degremont; Rishika Jain; Elena Philippou; Gladys Oluyemisi Latunde-Dada. Brain iron concentrations in the pathophysiology of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews 2020, 79, 615 -626.

AMA Style

Alexia Degremont, Rishika Jain, Elena Philippou, Gladys Oluyemisi Latunde-Dada. Brain iron concentrations in the pathophysiology of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2020; 79 (5):615-626.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexia Degremont; Rishika Jain; Elena Philippou; Gladys Oluyemisi Latunde-Dada. 2020. "Brain iron concentrations in the pathophysiology of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review." Nutrition Reviews 79, no. 5: 615-626.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in European Journal of Public Health
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Background Despite widespread adoption of lockdown by governments in the COVID-19 response, research on how it affects the individual pillars of Lifestyle Medicine is limited. We aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on healthy eating, physical activity, sleep, stress, social support and use of risky substances. Methods This was a cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of adults who resided in Cyprus during the lockdown. An anonymous questionnaire was completed online in Greek or English comprised of five validated tools in relation to their behaviours before and during the lockdown. We compared median values for each variable/tool before and during lockdown, using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and performed stratified analyses for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Out of 745 respondents, 74% were female and median age was 39. Overall scores showed significantly increased sleep quality difficulty (4 v 5, p < 0.001), decreased social support (71 v 68, p < 0.001), and increased perceived stress (22 v 25, p < 0.001) between February 2020 and the month in lockdown. Mediterranean diet adherence increased significantly only in those who followed religious fasting during lockdown (6 v 7, p < 0.001). Total minutes spent sitting significantly increased (120 v 180, p < 0.001) although overall physical activity score did not significantly change. Smoking intensity (daily number of cigarettes and e-cigarettes) as well as frequency of alcohol consumption (daily number of drinks) increased significantly (p trend=0.029 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Many aspects of lifestyle were adversely affected by lockdown in Cyprus. As people return to their pre-lockdown routines, the outcomes described provide data to inform the design of lifestyle interventions that support changing or maintaining lifestyle habits. Such interventions can then help decrease people's risk for future poor health outcomes, including the risk for COVID-19 infection. Key messages This study describes aspects of lifestyle affected by the Cyprus COVID-19 lockdown, significant when considering future lockdowns and pre-, during or post-lockdown healthful lifestyle interventions. The outcomes provide data to inform the design of lifestyle interventions to support changing or maintaining healthy lifestyle habits.

ACS Style

E Philippou; C Demetriou; A Heraclides; M C Mosquera; A Quattrocchi; A Derlagen; N U Pinnawala; O Kolokotronı. The effects of lockdown on lifestyle habits of adults during the coronavirus pandemic in Cyprus. European Journal of Public Health 2020, 30, 1 .

AMA Style

E Philippou, C Demetriou, A Heraclides, M C Mosquera, A Quattrocchi, A Derlagen, N U Pinnawala, O Kolokotronı. The effects of lockdown on lifestyle habits of adults during the coronavirus pandemic in Cyprus. European Journal of Public Health. 2020; 30 (Supplement):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E Philippou; C Demetriou; A Heraclides; M C Mosquera; A Quattrocchi; A Derlagen; N U Pinnawala; O Kolokotronı. 2020. "The effects of lockdown on lifestyle habits of adults during the coronavirus pandemic in Cyprus." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. Supplement: 1.

Review
Published: 25 June 2020 in Nutrition Reviews
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Context The impact of various dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by immune-inflammatory response, has been subject to increased attention. Objective A systematic review was conducted to update the current knowledge on the effects of nutritional, dietary supplement, and fasting interventions on RA outcomes. Data Sources Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with prespecification of all methods, Medline and Embase were systematically searched for relevant articles. Data Extraction Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results A total of 70 human studies were identified. Administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at high doses resulted in a reduction in RA disease activity and a lower failure rate of pharmacotherapy. Vitamin D supplementation and dietary sodium restriction were beneficial on some RA outcomes. Fasting resulted in significant but transient subjective improvements. While the Mediterranean diet demonstrated improvements in some RA disease activity measures, outcomes from vegetarian, elimination, peptide, or elemental diets suggested that responses are very individualized. Conclusion Some dietary approaches may improve RA symptoms and thus it is recommended that nutrition should be routinely addressed.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Sara Danuta Petersson; Carrie Rodomar; Elena Nikiphorou. Rheumatoid arthritis and dietary interventions: systematic review of clinical trials. Nutrition Reviews 2020, 79, 410 -428.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Sara Danuta Petersson, Carrie Rodomar, Elena Nikiphorou. Rheumatoid arthritis and dietary interventions: systematic review of clinical trials. Nutrition Reviews. 2020; 79 (4):410-428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Sara Danuta Petersson; Carrie Rodomar; Elena Nikiphorou. 2020. "Rheumatoid arthritis and dietary interventions: systematic review of clinical trials." Nutrition Reviews 79, no. 4: 410-428.

Review
Published: 14 May 2020 in Advances in Nutrition
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Growing evidence suggests that personality traits play a role in obesity and cardiometabolic health. In addition, irregularity of food intake has emerged as a potential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies suggest that when we eat, termed “chrono-nutrition,” may be as important to what we eat. This concept covers 3 aspects: 1) irregularity of energy intake in meals (varying amounts of energy intake throughout the day and at different times from one day to the next), 2) frequency (number of meals per day), and 3) timing of food intake (actual time of day). A narrative review was conducted to identify literature evaluating the effect of personality on chrono-nutrition and subsequently obesity and cardiometabolic health. The search focused on research published since 2000 in MEDLINE using the search terms “personality,” “chrono-nutrition,” “cardiometabolic,” “BMI,” “obesity,” and “metabolic rate.” Findings indicate an inverse relation between conscientiousness and obesity, with people who are more conscientious having a lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, time of day of energy intake has been linked to obesity, since meals consumed in the evening have been associated with lower resting metabolic rate. Inconsistent timing and frequency of meals have also been linked to increased body weight and worse cardiometabolic health. Together, the data indicate that eating meals at the same time every day at regular intervals might be the reason why those who score high in conscientiousness are able to maintain a healthier weight. Despite the reviewed observational evidence, there is an apparent gap in the existing literature on the interplay between personality, chrono-nutrition, and obesity and particularly on how dietary interventions should be designed considering different personality traits. Future research is needed to clarify this association and how it interacts with other factors, thus elucidating the role of chrono-nutrition in health.

ACS Style

Tamara Al Abdi; Eleni Andreou; Alexia Papageorgiou; Alexandros Heraclides; Elena Philippou. Personality, Chrono-nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Advances in Nutrition 2020, 11, 1201 -1210.

AMA Style

Tamara Al Abdi, Eleni Andreou, Alexia Papageorgiou, Alexandros Heraclides, Elena Philippou. Personality, Chrono-nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Advances in Nutrition. 2020; 11 (5):1201-1210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tamara Al Abdi; Eleni Andreou; Alexia Papageorgiou; Alexandros Heraclides; Elena Philippou. 2020. "Personality, Chrono-nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of the Evidence." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 5: 1201-1210.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2019 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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ACS Style

Elena Philippou. Dietary patterns and cognition: food for thought or … still more thought necessary? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019, 110, 801 -802.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou. Dietary patterns and cognition: food for thought or … still more thought necessary? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 110 (4):801-802.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou. 2019. "Dietary patterns and cognition: food for thought or … still more thought necessary?" The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 110, no. 4: 801-802.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Rani Polak; Ana Michunovich; Michele York; Julie Faieta; Mark Hirsch; Patricia C. Heyn. Food for Thought: Basic Nutrition Recommendations for the Mature Brain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2019, 100, 1581 -1583.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Rani Polak, Ana Michunovich, Michele York, Julie Faieta, Mark Hirsch, Patricia C. Heyn. Food for Thought: Basic Nutrition Recommendations for the Mature Brain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2019; 100 (8):1581-1583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Rani Polak; Ana Michunovich; Michele York; Julie Faieta; Mark Hirsch; Patricia C. Heyn. 2019. "Food for Thought: Basic Nutrition Recommendations for the Mature Brain." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 100, no. 8: 1581-1583.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2018 in Public Health Nutrition
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ObjectiveEvidence suggests that the rate of glucose release following consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods, defined as the glycaemic index (GI), is inversely associated with cognitive function. To date, most of the evidence stems from either single-meal studies or highly heterogeneous cohort studies. We aimed to study the prospective associations of diet GI at age 53 years with outcomes of verbal memory and letter search tests at age 69 years and rate of decline between 53 and 69 years.DesignLongitudinal population-based birth cohort study.SettingMRC National Survey for Health and Development.ParticipantsCohort members (n 1252).ResultsUsing multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders, associations of higher-GI diet with lower verbal memory, lower letter search speed and lower number of hits in a letter search test were attenuated after adjustments for cognitive ability at age 15 years, educational attainment, further training and occupational social class. No association was observed between diet GI at 53 years and letter search accuracy or speed–accuracy trade-off at 69 years, or between diet GI at 53 years and rate of decline between 53 and 69 years in any cognitive measure.ConclusionsDiet GI does not appear to predict cognitive function or decline, which was mainly explained by childhood cognitive ability, education and occupational social class. Our findings confirm the need for further research on the association between diet and cognition from a life-course perspective.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Gerda K Pot; Alexandros Heraclides; Marcus Richards; Rebecca Bendayan. Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort. Public Health Nutrition 2018, 22, 1415 -1424.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Gerda K Pot, Alexandros Heraclides, Marcus Richards, Rebecca Bendayan. Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort. Public Health Nutrition. 2018; 22 (8):1415-1424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Gerda K Pot; Alexandros Heraclides; Marcus Richards; Rebecca Bendayan. 2018. "Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 8: 1415-1424.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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ACS Style

Chetan P. Phadke; Jaclyn Schwartz; Hubert Vuagnat; Elena Philippou. The ABCs for Nutrition Poststroke: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018, 99, 2125 -2127.

AMA Style

Chetan P. Phadke, Jaclyn Schwartz, Hubert Vuagnat, Elena Philippou. The ABCs for Nutrition Poststroke: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018; 99 (10):2125-2127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chetan P. Phadke; Jaclyn Schwartz; Hubert Vuagnat; Elena Philippou. 2018. "The ABCs for Nutrition Poststroke: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 99, no. 10: 2125-2127.

Review article
Published: 10 September 2018 in Autoimmunity Reviews
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The impact of dietary interventions such as specific types of diet or nutritional supplements in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been subject to increased attention in recent years. The recognition of the unmet need to better understand the effects of specific dietary interventions on disease outcomes in RA, along with the growing patient interest on lifestyle interventions beyond pharmacotherapy, have informed the undertaking of this narrative literature review. The benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) have been shown in various studies, although only a limited number of trials focus specifically on RA. Based on the studies reviewed, the MD may provide benefits in reducing pain and swollen and tender joints in RA patients. There is more and better evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) supplementation has the potential to reduce inflammation and provide clinical benefit, possibly slowing progression to pharmacotherapy. Yet, many of these studies to date are limited in their methodology; this being partly a reflection of the complexity of the research questions being addressed. Consequently, the conclusions that can be robustly drawn from their results are restricted. With a focus on clinical trials on the MD and fish oil supplementation, this review critically appraises the evidence, discussing the findings of studies in the wider context of impact on RA outcomes, methodological challenges, and practical points to consider as part of the routine care of RA patients.

ACS Style

Sara Petersson; Elena Philippou; Carrie Rodomar; Elena Nikiphorou. The Mediterranean diet, fish oil supplements and Rheumatoid arthritis outcomes: evidence from clinical trials. Autoimmunity Reviews 2018, 17, 1105 -1114.

AMA Style

Sara Petersson, Elena Philippou, Carrie Rodomar, Elena Nikiphorou. The Mediterranean diet, fish oil supplements and Rheumatoid arthritis outcomes: evidence from clinical trials. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2018; 17 (11):1105-1114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Petersson; Elena Philippou; Carrie Rodomar; Elena Nikiphorou. 2018. "The Mediterranean diet, fish oil supplements and Rheumatoid arthritis outcomes: evidence from clinical trials." Autoimmunity Reviews 17, no. 11: 1105-1114.

Review article
Published: 10 September 2018 in Autoimmunity Reviews
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Accumulating research evidence suggests that individual dietary factors and dietary patterns might be implicated in the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This narrative review aims to present this evidence and provide nutritional recommendations for reducing RA risk in susceptible individuals. Overall, a ‘Western’ type diet rich in energy intake, total and saturated fat, an unbalanced ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids, high in refined carbohydrates and sugar and low in fiber and antioxidants might increase the risk of RA both directly through increasing inflammation and indirectly through increasing insulin resistance and obesity, with the latter being a known risk factor for RA. On the contrary, consumption of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, derived from fish and fish oil, is associated with a reduced risk of RA probably due to their anti-inflammatory properties. The Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in plant-based foods such as wholegrains, legumes, fruit, vegetables, extra-virgin olive oil and low in red meat consumption, might have the potential to reduce the risk of RA. Based on current research evidence, it is suggested that adherence to the MD enhanced with an increased consumption of fatty fish, reduced consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and maintenance of a normal body weight, contributes to reducing the risk of RA. Further research on RA susceptibility will allow for more specific dietary recommendations to be made.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Elena Nikiphorou. Are we really what we eat? Nutrition and its role in the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity Reviews 2018, 17, 1074 -1077.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Elena Nikiphorou. Are we really what we eat? Nutrition and its role in the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2018; 17 (11):1074-1077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Elena Nikiphorou. 2018. "Are we really what we eat? Nutrition and its role in the onset of rheumatoid arthritis." Autoimmunity Reviews 17, no. 11: 1074-1077.

Original articles
Published: 23 March 2018 in Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
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Objective: Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to increase the risk of cognitive decline, it still remains unclear whether the risk is related to MetS as a whole or its individual factors. The aim of the present study was to explore whether MetS or its individual factors are associated with a lower cognitive function in older adults in a Mediterranean population using latent variable modeling. Method: Neurocognitive data from 640 Greek-Cypriot community dwellers (female 59.1%), aged ≥55 years, in good general health, were analyzed. Assessments of anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were carried out to investigate the relationship between MetS factors and cognitive–linguistic outcomes of language, executive function, and verbal episodic memory. Results: When the MetS factors were modeled as a single latent variable, they had small negative effects on language and executive functions. Significance was not retained after age and education were controlled for. When individual MetS factors along with age and education were modeled as predictors, there were moderate negative age effects, whereas education yielded strong positive effects on all three cognitive outcomes. Weak significant negative coefficients of body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose were found for executive functions, and a weak significant positive effect of BMI was found for memory. Separate analysis by sex resulted in minor but significant differences. Conclusion: BMI and blood glucose predicted cognitive performance after controlling for age and education, and thus their proper management should be taken into account for maintaining cognitive health in aging. Findings also demonstrate the importance of education and age in studies investigating cardiometabolic risk factors and cognitive function, as well as the need for further research on the effects of sex.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Michalis P. Michaelides; Fofi Constantinidou. The role of metabolic syndrome factors on cognition using latent variable modeling: The neurocognitive study on aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2018, 40, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Michalis P. Michaelides, Fofi Constantinidou. The role of metabolic syndrome factors on cognition using latent variable modeling: The neurocognitive study on aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2018; 40 (10):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Michalis P. Michaelides; Fofi Constantinidou. 2018. "The role of metabolic syndrome factors on cognition using latent variable modeling: The neurocognitive study on aging." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 40, no. 10: 1-14.

Research papers
Published: 27 November 2017 in Public Health Nutrition
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Objective To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of breast-feeding (BF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in Cyprus up to the sixth month. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study. BF and EBF were estimated based on mothers’ self-reported BF status in line with Step 7 of the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire and based on 24 h recall. Setting Maternity wards in all public hospitals and twenty-nine (of thirty-five) private maternity clinics nationwide. Subjects Consecutive sample of 586 mothers recruited within 48 h from birth, followed up by telephone interview at the first, fourth and sixth month. Results Although 84·3 % of mothers initiated BF before discharge, prevalence of BF at the sixth month was 32·4 %, with the highest reduction observed between the first and fourth months. Prevalence of EBF at 48 h was 18·8 % and fell gradually to 5·0 % at the sixth month. Mothers with higher educational attainment or higher family income were more likely to breast-feed until the sixth month. In terms of EBF, an association was observed only with education, which persisted until the sixth month. Other than social gradient, mode of delivery was the strongest determinant of BF initiation, exclusivity and continuation. Mothers who gave birth vaginally were three to four times more likely to initiate BF (OR=3·1; 95 % CI 1·7, 5·4) and EBF (OR=4·3; 95 % CI 2·7, 6·8). Conclusions The low prevalence of BF and EBF in Cyprus, together with the fact that caesarean section rates are currently among the highest in Europe, suggest the need for further research to understand this multidimensional phenomenon and for interdisciplinary policy action to protect, promote and support BF.

ACS Style

Mary Economou; Ourania Kolokotroni; Irene Paphiti-Demetriou; Christiana Kouta; Ekaterini Lambrinou; Eleni Hadjigeorgiou; Vasiliki Hadjiona; Froso Tryfonos; Elena Philippou; Nicos Middleton. Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project. Public Health Nutrition 2017, 21, 967 -980.

AMA Style

Mary Economou, Ourania Kolokotroni, Irene Paphiti-Demetriou, Christiana Kouta, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Eleni Hadjigeorgiou, Vasiliki Hadjiona, Froso Tryfonos, Elena Philippou, Nicos Middleton. Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project. Public Health Nutrition. 2017; 21 (5):967-980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mary Economou; Ourania Kolokotroni; Irene Paphiti-Demetriou; Christiana Kouta; Ekaterini Lambrinou; Eleni Hadjigeorgiou; Vasiliki Hadjiona; Froso Tryfonos; Elena Philippou; Nicos Middleton. 2017. "Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5: 967-980.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
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The intervention improved adherence to the MD and increased nutrition knowledge. The findings support parental participation in nutrition education.

ACS Style

Elena Philippou; Nicos Middleton; Constantinos Pistos; Eleni Andreou; Michael Petrou. The impact of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adolescent competitive swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2017, 20, 328 -332.

AMA Style

Elena Philippou, Nicos Middleton, Constantinos Pistos, Eleni Andreou, Michael Petrou. The impact of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adolescent competitive swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2017; 20 (4):328-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Philippou; Nicos Middleton; Constantinos Pistos; Eleni Andreou; Michael Petrou. 2017. "The impact of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adolescent competitive swimmers." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20, no. 4: 328-332.

Review
Published: 01 September 2016 in Advances in Nutrition
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A growing body of evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia. Many epidemiologic studies and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found positive effects of the MD on cognitive function, but findings remain inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the effects of the MD on cognitive function, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease (AD), and all-type dementia. Five databases were searched—PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO (1806 to 25 May 2015)—with the use of prespecified criteria. Human studies that were published in English without any restriction on study type, population assessed, intervention period, follow-up time, or publication date, and that examined the association between adherence to the MD and cognitive function or dementia symptoms (as measured by cognitive function tests), were included. Only primary publication types were included. Thirty-two studies from 25 unique cohorts, including 5 RCTs and 27 observational studies, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies showed that the MD was associated with improved cognitive function, a decreased risk of cognitive impairment or decreased risk of dementia, or AD. Three studies found no correlation between the MD and AD, 3 further studies found no association between the MD and cognitive impairment, and 5 studies found no association between the MD and cognitive function. There was large heterogeneity, and studies differed with regard to quality. Based on the findings and the limitations in study design, we conclude that adherence to the MD is associated with better cognitive performance. However, it should be noted that the majority of findings come from epidemiologic studies that provide evidence for a correlation between the MD and cognition but not for a cause-and-effect relation. More controlled trials are required to establish a causational relation.

ACS Style

Sara Danuta Petersson; Elena Philippou. Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Advances in Nutrition 2016, 7, 889 -904.

AMA Style

Sara Danuta Petersson, Elena Philippou. Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Advances in Nutrition. 2016; 7 (5):889-904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Danuta Petersson; Elena Philippou. 2016. "Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence." Advances in Nutrition 7, no. 5: 889-904.

Review
Published: 01 June 2016 in Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
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Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia although the evidence is still inconsistent.

ACS Style

Sara Petersson; Elena Philippou. The effects of Mediterranean Diet on cognitive function and dementia: Systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2016, 13, e67 .

AMA Style

Sara Petersson, Elena Philippou. The effects of Mediterranean Diet on cognitive function and dementia: Systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2016; 13 ():e67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Petersson; Elena Philippou. 2016. "The effects of Mediterranean Diet on cognitive function and dementia: Systematic review of the evidence." Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 13, no. : e67.