Backstepping is a control technique based on Lyapunov’s theory that has been successfully implemented in the control of motors and robots by several nonlinear methods. However, there are no standardized methods for tuning control gains (unlike the PIDs). This paper shows the tuning gains of the backstepping controller, using Genetic Algorithms (GA), for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), quadrotor type, designed for autonomous trajectory tracking. First, a dynamic model of the vehicle is obtained through the Newton‒Euler methodology. Then, the control law is obtained, and self-tuning is performed, through which we can obtain suitable values of the gains in order to achieve the design requirements. In this work, the establishment time and maximum impulse are considered as such. The tuning and simulations of the system response were performed using the MATLAB-Simulink environment, obtaining as a result the compliance of the design parameters and the correct tracking of different trajectories. The results show that self-tuning by means of genetic algorithms satisfactorily adjusts for the gains of a backstepping controller applied to a quadrotor and allows for the implementation of a control system that responds appropriately to errors of different magnitude.

Urban renewal projects worldwide focus mainly on resolving motorized, personal, and low occupancy problems instead of sustainable mobility. As part of the process, traditional field audits have a high cost in time and resources. This paper reviews a spatial model of accessibility and habitability of the streets, oriented to the location of the volume of people moving sustainably out of an extensive street network. The exercise site is in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, the second largest in Mexico. Here, the population that moves sustainably as the collective (public and enterprise transportation) and the active (cycling, walking, and others) represents a considerable portion (49%) of travelers, thus, confirming the need for intervention. The spatial model is elaborated in a Geographical Information System (GIS), and the main results are compared with the actual public transport demand using a neural networks process. The results of the tool as a predictor have a 91% efficiency, making it possible to determine the location of urban renewal projects related to the volume of people moving sustainably.

In Mexico and many parts of the world, land cargo transport units (UTTC) operate at high speeds, causing accidents, increased fuel costs, and high levels of polluting emissions in the atmosphere. The speed in road driving, by the carriers, has been a factor little studied; however, it causes serious damage. This problem is reflected in accidents, road damage, low efficiency in the life of the engine and tires, low fuel efficiency, and high polluting emissions, among others. The official Mexican standard NOM-012-SCT-2-2017 on the weight and maximum dimensions with which motor transport vehicles can circulate, which travel through the general communication routes of the federal jurisdiction, establishes the speed limit at the one to be driven by an operator. Because of the new reality, the uses and customs of truck operators have been affected, mainly in their operating expenses. In this work, a mathematical model is presented with which the optimum driving speed of a UTTC is obtained. The speed is obtained employing the equality between the forces required to move the motor unit and the force that the tractor has available. The required forces considered are the force on the slope, the aerodynamic force, and the friction force, and the force available was considered the engine torque. This mathematical method was tested in seven routes in Mexico, obtaining significant savings of fuel above 10%. However, the best performance route possesses 65% flat terrain and 35% hillocks without mountainous terrain, regular type of highway, and a load of 20,000 kg, where the savings increase up to 16.44%.

En este trabajo se propuso un modelo para la estimación de la incertidumbre que incluye errores sistemáticos y aleatorios, para la medición de la composición química elemental mediante un material de referencia certificado del NIST, además se evaluó el desempeño analítico de varios laboratorios que realizan mediciones en superficies mediante el espectrómetro de dispersión de longitud de onda de rayos X y el espectrómetro de dispersión de energía de rayos X, acoplados a un SEM o EPMA y, en su caso, prepararse para la acreditación de sus laboratorios en estos ensayos. Los participantes midieron la concentración química elemental de Cu y Au y los resultados obtenidos por los laboratorios participantes se presentan y evalúan utilizando el criterio del error cuadrático medio (MSE), en esta prueba se solicitaron parámetros de medición que todos los participantes pudieron reproducir para evitar en lo posible diferencias al realizar la cuantificación y para una mejor comparación de los resultados del laboratorio contra los valores de referencia, además, este documento se puede tomar como referencia para la evaluación de los parámetros de validación más frecuentemente solicitados para obtener la acreditación bajo los requisitos de la norma ISO/IEC 17025.

La presente investigación se enmarca en la LII Conferencia Nacional de Ingeniería, en la cual se analiza la internacionalización y globalización como oportunidad para potenciar el desarrollo social y económico. En este contexto, se propone una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la formación de ingenieros en tecnologías de manufactura, enfocada en la investigación y análisis de un megaproyecto nacional: el Corredor Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec. A partir del análisis de esta infraestructura, se evaluó cómo la optimización del canal de suministro de productos textiles podría fortalecer la competitividad de los productos mexicanos en mercados nacionales e internacionales. Se identificó que la modernización de 300 km de vías férreas, la construcción de terminales intermodales y la implementación de tecnología logística reducirían los costos de transporte en un 25 % y los tiempos de entrega en un 35 %, según estimaciones preliminares. El estudio permitió que los estudiantes desarrollaran competencias transversales y aplicaran conocimientos de logística, transporte y optimización de cadenas de suministro, temas ajenos a su perfil inicial, pero esenciales en un entorno productivo globalizado.

The modernization of compressed air systems represents both a strategic challenge and an opportunity to achieve a balanced symmetry, understood as the equilibrium among energy efficiency, industrial optimization, and operational sustainability. This study combines the experimental validation of a centralized compressed air system operating under real industrial conditions with a bibliometric analysis that contextualizes the work within global research trends in energy efficiency and industrial optimization. The system, implemented at the Oleohidráulica Company in Cienfuegos, Cuba, consists of two BOGE C 22-2 screw compressors and a newly upgraded distribution network. The analysis involved calculating pressure drops using the methodology proposed by Atlas Copco and verifying the results in situ through measurements at the most distant point of the network. The obtained pressure drop of 0.059 bar, below the international threshold of 0.1 bar, confirms the adequacy and reliability of the design. Moreover, the discussion highlights future perspectives for improvement, where integrating a hybrid approach that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with experimental validation could enhance the accuracy of flow and pressure predictions and facilitate the optimization of the pipeline network design. Overall, the study demonstrates that while the current system complies with international standards, achieving symmetry as an operational balance among efficiency, reliability, and sustainability remains an ongoing process, guiding future optimization efforts.