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Eric Y. Chang
Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA

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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Cancers
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Tobacco is the primary etiologic agent in worsened lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) outcomes. Meanwhile, it has been shown that etiologic agents alter enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on eRNA expression in relation to LUSC outcomes. We extracted eRNA counts from RNA-sequencing data of tumor/adjacent normal tissue and before/after e-cigarette tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Tobacco-mediated LUSC eRNAs were correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, and immune-associated elements. eRNA expression was also correlated to mutation rates through the Repeated Evaluation of Variables Conditional Entropy and Redundance (REVEALER) algorithm and methylated sites through methylationArrayAnalysis. Differential expression analysis was then completed for the e-cigarette data to compare with key tobacco-mediated eRNAs. We identified 684 downregulated eRNAs and 819 upregulated eRNAs associated with tobacco-mediated LUSC, specifically, with the cancer pathological stage. We also observed a decrease in immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. Yet, we found an increased association of eRNA expression with immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. We identified 16 key eRNAs with significant correlations to 8 clinical variables, implicating these eRNAs in LUSC malignancy. Furthermore, we observed that these 16 eRNAs were highly associated with chromosomal alterations and reduced CpG site methylation. Finally, we observed large eRNA expression upregulation with e-cigarette use, which corresponded to the upregulation of the 16 key eRNAs. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which tobacco and e-cigarette smoke influences eRNA interactions to promote LUSC pathogenesis and provide insight regarding disease progression at a molecular level.

ACS Style

Joseph C. Tsai; Omar A. Saad; Shruti Magesh; Jingyue Xu; Abby C. Lee; Wei Tse Li; Jaideep Chakladar; Mark M. Fuster; Eric Y. Chang; Jessica Wang-Rodriguez; Weg M. Ongkeko. Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 2021, 13, 4225 .

AMA Style

Joseph C. Tsai, Omar A. Saad, Shruti Magesh, Jingyue Xu, Abby C. Lee, Wei Tse Li, Jaideep Chakladar, Mark M. Fuster, Eric Y. Chang, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Weg M. Ongkeko. Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers. 2021; 13 (16):4225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph C. Tsai; Omar A. Saad; Shruti Magesh; Jingyue Xu; Abby C. Lee; Wei Tse Li; Jaideep Chakladar; Mark M. Fuster; Eric Y. Chang; Jessica Wang-Rodriguez; Weg M. Ongkeko. 2021. "Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 16: 4225.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Cells
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The implications of the microbiome on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we aimed to characterize the lung and blood microbiome and their implication on COVID-19 prognosis through analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples, lung biopsy samples, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. In all three tissue types, we found panels of microbes differentially abundant between COVID-19 and normal samples correlated to immune dysregulation and upregulation of inflammatory pathways, including key cytokine pathways such as interleukin (IL)-2, 3, 5-10 and 23 signaling pathways and downregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways including IL-4 signaling. In the PBMC samples, six microbes were correlated with worse COVID-19 severity, and one microbe was correlated with improved COVID-19 severity. Collectively, our findings contribute to the understanding of the human microbiome and suggest interplay between our identified microbes and key inflammatory pathways which may be leveraged in the development of immune therapies for treating COVID-19 patients.

ACS Style

Kypros Dereschuk; Lauren Apostol; Ishan Ranjan; Jaideep Chakladar; Wei Li; Mahadevan Rajasekaran; Eric Chang; Weg Ongkeko. Identification of Lung and Blood Microbiota Implicated in COVID-19 Prognosis. Cells 2021, 10, 1452 .

AMA Style

Kypros Dereschuk, Lauren Apostol, Ishan Ranjan, Jaideep Chakladar, Wei Li, Mahadevan Rajasekaran, Eric Chang, Weg Ongkeko. Identification of Lung and Blood Microbiota Implicated in COVID-19 Prognosis. Cells. 2021; 10 (6):1452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kypros Dereschuk; Lauren Apostol; Ishan Ranjan; Jaideep Chakladar; Wei Li; Mahadevan Rajasekaran; Eric Chang; Weg Ongkeko. 2021. "Identification of Lung and Blood Microbiota Implicated in COVID-19 Prognosis." Cells 10, no. 6: 1452.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Viruses
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Patients with underlying cardiovascular conditions are particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19. In this project, we aimed to characterize similarities in dysregulated immune pathways between COVID-19 patients and patients with cardiomyopathy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), or coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized that these similarly dysregulated pathways may be critical to how cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) exacerbate COVID-19. To evaluate immune dysregulation in different diseases, we used four separate datasets, including RNA-sequencing data from human left ventricular cardiac muscle samples of patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy and healthy controls; RNA-sequencing data of whole blood samples from patients with single or recurrent event VTE and healthy controls; RNA-sequencing data of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with and without obstructive CAD; and RNA-sequencing data of platelets from COVID-19 subjects and healthy controls. We found similar immune dysregulation profiles between patients with CVDs and COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, cardiomyopathy patients display the most similar immune landscape to COVID-19 patients. Additionally, COVID-19 patients experience greater upregulation of cytokine- and inflammasome-related genes than patients with CVDs. In all, patients with CVDs have a significant overlap of cytokine- and inflammasome-related gene expression profiles with that of COVID-19 patients, possibly explaining their greater vulnerability to severe COVID-19.

ACS Style

Abby Lee; Grant Castaneda; Wei Li; Chengyu Chen; Neil Shende; Jaideep Chakladar; Pam Taub; Eric Chang; Weg Ongkeko. COVID-19 Severity Potentially Modulated by Cardiovascular-Disease-Associated Immune Dysregulation. Viruses 2021, 13, 1018 .

AMA Style

Abby Lee, Grant Castaneda, Wei Li, Chengyu Chen, Neil Shende, Jaideep Chakladar, Pam Taub, Eric Chang, Weg Ongkeko. COVID-19 Severity Potentially Modulated by Cardiovascular-Disease-Associated Immune Dysregulation. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abby Lee; Grant Castaneda; Wei Li; Chengyu Chen; Neil Shende; Jaideep Chakladar; Pam Taub; Eric Chang; Weg Ongkeko. 2021. "COVID-19 Severity Potentially Modulated by Cardiovascular-Disease-Associated Immune Dysregulation." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1018.

Editorial
Published: 24 May 2021 in Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Hyungseok Jang; Eric Y. Chang; Jiang Du. Editorial for “Change in Susceptibility Values in Knee Cartilage After Marathon Running Measured Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping”. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hyungseok Jang, Eric Y. Chang, Jiang Du. Editorial for “Change in Susceptibility Values in Knee Cartilage After Marathon Running Measured Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping”. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyungseok Jang; Eric Y. Chang; Jiang Du. 2021. "Editorial for “Change in Susceptibility Values in Knee Cartilage After Marathon Running Measured Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping”." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , no. : 1.

Original research
Published: 20 May 2021 in Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Background Concerns over gadolinium (Gd) retention encourage the use of lower Gd doses. However, lower Gd doses may compromise imaging performance. Higher relaxivity gadobenate may be suited to reduced dose protocols. Purpose To compare 0.05 mmol/kg and 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate in patients undergoing enhanced MRI of the central nervous system (CNS). Study Type Retrospective, multicenter. Population Three hundred and fifty-two patients receiving 0.05 (n = 181) or 0.1 (n = 171) mmol/kg gadobenate. Field Strength/Sequences 1.5 T and 3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted spin echo/fast spin echo (SE/FSE) and/or gradient echo/fast field echo (GRE/FFE); precontrast T2-weighted FSE and T2-FLAIR. Assessment Images of patients with extra-axial lesions at 1.5 T or any CNS lesion at 3.0 T were reviewed by three blinded, independent neuroradiologists for qualitative (lesion border delineation, internal morphology visualization, contrast enhancement; scores from 1 = poor to 4 = excellent) and quantitative (lesion-to-brain ratio [LBR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]; SI measurements at regions-of-interest on lesion and normal parenchyma) enhancement measures. Noninferiority of 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate was determined for each qualitative endpoint if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in precontrast + postcontrast means was above a noninferiority margin of −0.4. Statistical Tests Student's t-test for comparison of mean qualitative endpoint scores, Wilcoxon signed rank test for comparison of LBR and CNR values; Wilcoxon rank sum test for comparison of SI changes. Tests were significant for P < 0.05. Results The mean change from precontrast to precontrast + postcontrast was significant for all endpoints. Readers 1, 2, and 3 evaluated 304, 225, and 249 lesions for 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate, and 382, 309, and 298 lesions for 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate. The lower limit of the 95% CI was above −0.4 for all comparisons. Significantly, higher LBR and CNR was observed with the higher dose. Data Conclusion 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate was noninferior to 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate for lesion visualization. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3

ACS Style

Mark C. DeLano; Maria Vittoria Spampinato; Eric Y. Chang; Richard G. Barr; Richard J. Lichtenstein; Cesare Colosimo; Josef Vymazal; Zhibo Wen; Doris D. M. Lin; Miles A. Kirchin; Gianpaolo Pirovano. Dose‐Lowering in Contrast‐Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective, Parallel‐Group Comparison Using Gadobenate Dimeglumine. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mark C. DeLano, Maria Vittoria Spampinato, Eric Y. Chang, Richard G. Barr, Richard J. Lichtenstein, Cesare Colosimo, Josef Vymazal, Zhibo Wen, Doris D. M. Lin, Miles A. Kirchin, Gianpaolo Pirovano. Dose‐Lowering in Contrast‐Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective, Parallel‐Group Comparison Using Gadobenate Dimeglumine. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark C. DeLano; Maria Vittoria Spampinato; Eric Y. Chang; Richard G. Barr; Richard J. Lichtenstein; Cesare Colosimo; Josef Vymazal; Zhibo Wen; Doris D. M. Lin; Miles A. Kirchin; Gianpaolo Pirovano. 2021. "Dose‐Lowering in Contrast‐Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective, Parallel‐Group Comparison Using Gadobenate Dimeglumine." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Molecular Imaging and Biology
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Adaptive responses to hypoxia may be an essential element in MM progression and drug resistance. This metabolic adaptation involves a decrease in extracellular pH (pHe), and it depends on the upregulation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) that is common in hypoxia and in cancer cells. CEST MRI is an imaging technique that assesses pHe indirectly by the exchange rate of magnetic saturation transfer between labile protons on a solute and water. Thus, this study aimed to determine the feasibility of acidoCEST MRI for pHe measurement using an orthotopic mouse model of MM compared with GLUT1 immunofluorescence staining as a reference. Orthotopic BM engrafted MM xenografts were established in NSG/NOD mice using the human RPMI8226 myeloma cell line. AcidoCEST MRI was performed approximately 6 weeks after intravenous challenge, before and after intravenous administration of iopamidol. BM pHe values were generated via fitting the CEST spectrum with the Bloch-McConnell equations. Samples were decalcified, sectioned, and immunostained for GLUT1 expression. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between pHe and [H3O+] versus GLUT1 expression. Ten mice underwent acidoCEST MRI followed by immunofluorescent histologic analysis. A strong negative correlation was seen between pHe versus GLUT1 expression (r = − 0.75, p < 0.001). After transformation of pH to [H3O+], a strong positive correlation between [H3O+] and GLUT1 expression was observed (r = 0.8, p < 0.001). AcidoCEST MRI can measure the extracellular pH of bone marrow affected by multiple myeloma. In this MM orthotopic mouse model, pHe measured by acidoCEST MRI showed strong correlations with the metabolic phenotype of BM tumor assessed by immunofluorescent histological assessment of GLUT1 overexpression.

ACS Style

Alecio F. Lombardi; Jonathan H. Wong; Rachel High; Yajun Ma; Saeed Jerban; Qingbo Tang; Jiang Du; Patrick Frost; Mark D. Pagel; Eric Y. Chang. AcidoCEST MRI Evaluates the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Molecular Imaging and Biology 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Alecio F. Lombardi, Jonathan H. Wong, Rachel High, Yajun Ma, Saeed Jerban, Qingbo Tang, Jiang Du, Patrick Frost, Mark D. Pagel, Eric Y. Chang. AcidoCEST MRI Evaluates the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alecio F. Lombardi; Jonathan H. Wong; Rachel High; Yajun Ma; Saeed Jerban; Qingbo Tang; Jiang Du; Patrick Frost; Mark D. Pagel; Eric Y. Chang. 2021. "AcidoCEST MRI Evaluates the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma." Molecular Imaging and Biology , no. : 1-9.

Original research
Published: 24 April 2021 in Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Background Recent studies suggest that macromolecular fraction (MMF) derived from three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) imaging is insensitive to the magic angle effect. However, its clinical use in osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be investigated. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of 3D UTE‐MT‐derived MMF in differentiating normal from degenerated cartilage. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Sixty‐two participants (54.8 ± 16.7 years, 30 females) with and without OA, plus two healthy volunteers (mean age 35.0 years) for reproducibility test. Field Strength/Sequence 3 T/UTE‐MT sequence. Assessment A 3D UTE‐MT sequence was employed to calculate MMF based on a two‐pool model. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. KL grade was condensed into three groups: KL0, KL1–2, and KL3–4. WORMS was regrouped based on extent of lesion (extent group) and depth of lesion (depth group), respectively. The performance of MMF at evaluating the degeneration of cartilage was assessed via Spearman's correlation coefficient and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated according to the receiver‐operating characteristic curve. Statistical Tests After normality check, one‐way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the performance. Tukey–Kramer test was performed for post hoc testing. Results MMF showed significant negative correlations with KL grade (r = −0.53, P < 0.05) and WORMS (r = −0.49, P < 0.05). Significantly lower MMFs were found in subjects with greater KL grade (11.8 ± 0.8% for KL0; 10.9 ± 0.9% for KL1–2; 10.6 ± 1.1% for KL3–4; P < 0.05) and in cartilage with greater extent (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.9 ± 1.6% for regional lesions; 9.6 ± 1.7% for diffuse lesions; P < 0.05) and depth (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.6 ± 1.6% for partial‐thickness lesions; 8.8 ± 1.7% for full‐thickness lesions; P < 0.05) of lesions. AUC values of MMF for doubtful‐minimal OA (KL1–2) and mild cartilage degradation (WORMS1–2) were 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. Data Conclusion This study highlights the clinical potential of MMF in the detection of early OA. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2

ACS Style

Yan‐Ping Xue; Ya‐Jun Ma; Mei Wu; Saeed Jerban; Zhao Wei; Eric Y. Chang; Jiang Du. Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Yan‐Ping Xue, Ya‐Jun Ma, Mei Wu, Saeed Jerban, Zhao Wei, Eric Y. Chang, Jiang Du. Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan‐Ping Xue; Ya‐Jun Ma; Mei Wu; Saeed Jerban; Zhao Wei; Eric Y. Chang; Jiang Du. 2021. "Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , no. : 1.

Technical report
Published: 27 February 2021 in Skeletal Radiology
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To describe a novel fluorescent histochemical protocol to visualize osteoclasts, vasculature, and nerves in thick sections of human osteochondral tissues and to demonstrate its feasibility for use in radiologic-pathologic research correlation studies. Consecutive patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty surgeries underwent pre-operative MRI. CT imaging was performed after tissue collection, and abnormal osteochondral regions were sectioned to 1–2 mm in thickness and decalcified. Fluorescent labeling of osteoclasts was performed by staining for tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity with a fluorescent substrate. Vascular structure was visualized with fluorescently labeled lectin Ulex europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA-I). Immunostaining was performed for proteins including smooth muscle actin expressed in smooth muscle cells surrounding arterioles and fibrotic myofibroblasts, as well as for neuropeptide Y expressed in sympathetic nerves. Sections were then recut at 5 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Edema-like and cyst-like regions identified with MRI and CT were easily located in fluorescent images and appeared to have increased osteoclast activity. Fibrotic regions were identified with thickened arterioles and increased myofibroblasts. Sympathetic nerve fibers traveled alongside arborizing blood vessels. Stained sections became transparent in a water-based refractive index-matched medium, permitting deep 3D visualization of the elaborate neurovascular network in bone. Sequential staining procedures were successfully performed with the same sections, demonstrating the potential to compare multiple cellular markers from the same locations. Routine H&E staining could be performed after the fluorescent staining protocol. We have developed a multimodal framework to facilitate comparisons between histology and clinical MRI and CT.

ACS Style

Qingbo Tang; Alecio F. Lombardi; Nicole Le; Jonathan H. Wong; Judith L. Williams; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. Novel fluorescent staining protocol for thick sections of human osteochondral tissues to facilitate correlation with MRI and CT. Skeletal Radiology 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Qingbo Tang, Alecio F. Lombardi, Nicole Le, Jonathan H. Wong, Judith L. Williams, Jiang Du, Eric Y. Chang. Novel fluorescent staining protocol for thick sections of human osteochondral tissues to facilitate correlation with MRI and CT. Skeletal Radiology. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingbo Tang; Alecio F. Lombardi; Nicole Le; Jonathan H. Wong; Judith L. Williams; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. 2021. "Novel fluorescent staining protocol for thick sections of human osteochondral tissues to facilitate correlation with MRI and CT." Skeletal Radiology , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in American Journal of Neuroradiology
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has been widely used for the noninvasive evaluation of MS. Although clinical MR imaging sequences are highly effective in showing focal macroscopic tissue abnormalities in the brains of patients with MS, they are not specific to myelin and correlate poorly with disability. We investigated direct imaging of myelin using a 2D adiabatic inversion recovery ultrashort TE sequence to determine its value in assessing disability in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2D inversion recovery ultrashort TE sequence was evaluated in 14 healthy volunteers and 31 patients with MS. MPRAGE and T2-FLAIR images were acquired for comparison. Advanced Normalization Tools were used to correlate inversion recovery ultrashort TE, MPRAGE, and T2-FLAIR images with disability assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. RESULTS: Weak correlations were observed between normal-appearing white matter volume (R = –0.03, P = .88), lesion load (R = 0.22, P = .24), and age (R = 0.14, P = .44), and disability. The MPRAGE signal in normal-appearing white matter showed a weak correlation with age (R = –0.10, P = .49) and disability (R = –0.19, P = .31). The T2-FLAIR signal in normal-appearing white matter showed a weak correlation with age (R = 0.01, P = .93) and disability (R = 0.13, P = .49). The inversion recovery ultrashort TE signal was significantly negatively correlated with age (R = –0.38, P = .009) and disability (R = –0.44; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Direct imaging of myelin correlates with disability in patients with MS better than indirect imaging of long-T2 water in WM using conventional clinical sequences.

ACS Style

H. Jang; Y.-J. Ma; E.Y. Chang; S. Fazeli; R.R. Lee; A.F. Lombardi; G.M. Bydder; J. Corey-Bloom; J. Du. Inversion Recovery Ultrashort TE MR Imaging of Myelin is Significantly Correlated with Disability in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2021, 42, 868 -874.

AMA Style

H. Jang, Y.-J. Ma, E.Y. Chang, S. Fazeli, R.R. Lee, A.F. Lombardi, G.M. Bydder, J. Corey-Bloom, J. Du. Inversion Recovery Ultrashort TE MR Imaging of Myelin is Significantly Correlated with Disability in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2021; 42 (5):868-874.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Jang; Y.-J. Ma; E.Y. Chang; S. Fazeli; R.R. Lee; A.F. Lombardi; G.M. Bydder; J. Corey-Bloom; J. Du. 2021. "Inversion Recovery Ultrashort TE MR Imaging of Myelin is Significantly Correlated with Disability in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis." American Journal of Neuroradiology 42, no. 5: 868-874.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Biosensors
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In this study, we combined quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and an investigation by a probing device with tri-axial force sensor to seek correlations with mechanical properties of human patellar cartilage for in situ evaluation of biomechanical properties. Cartilage blocks (15 × 20 × 5 mm3) were dissected from the patella of six donors; 5 mm square regions of interest from the cartilage blocks were imaged using UTE-MR imaging sequences (T2* and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)), and mechanical properties were measured using a micro indentation device. Then, the vertical reaction force on the cartilage surface was measured while push-probing forward 3 mm with the probing device at a 30° tilt to the horizontal plane. The results showed a positive correlation between stiffness/elastic modulus and each predictor variable (UTE-T2* (r = 0.240 and 0.255, respectively, UTE-MTR (r = 0.378 and 0.379, respectively), and probing device force (r = 0.426 and 0.423, respectively). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed the combination of the three predictors had stronger correlation (adjusted r2 = 0.314 (stiffness), 0.323 (elastic), respectively). Our results demonstrate the potential for these non- and less- invasive methods for in situ evaluation of the mechanical properties of cartilage tissue.

ACS Style

Takehito Hananouchi; Yanjun Chen; Saeed Jerban; Masaru Teramoto; Yajun Ma; Erik Dorthe; Eric Chang; Jiang Du; Darryl D’Lima. A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage. Biosensors 2021, 11, 52 .

AMA Style

Takehito Hananouchi, Yanjun Chen, Saeed Jerban, Masaru Teramoto, Yajun Ma, Erik Dorthe, Eric Chang, Jiang Du, Darryl D’Lima. A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage. Biosensors. 2021; 11 (2):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takehito Hananouchi; Yanjun Chen; Saeed Jerban; Masaru Teramoto; Yajun Ma; Erik Dorthe; Eric Chang; Jiang Du; Darryl D’Lima. 2021. "A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage." Biosensors 11, no. 2: 52.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Diagnostics
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The aim of this study was to determine the association between high-density mineralized protrusions (HDMPs) and central osteophytes (COs), and describe the varying appearance of these lesions using advanced clinical imaging and a novel histological protocol. Seventeen consecutive patients with clinically advanced knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee arthroplasty were included. Surgical tissues containing the osteochondral region were investigated using computed tomography (CT); a subset was evaluated using confocal microscopy with fluorescence. Tissues from seven subjects (41.2%) contained HDMPs, and tissues from seven subjects (41.2%) contained COs. A significant association between HDMPs and COs was present (p = 0.003), with 6 subjects (35.2%) demonstrating both lesions. In total, 30 HDMPs were found, most commonly at the posterior medial femoral condyle (13/30, 43%), and 19 COs were found, most commonly at the trochlea (5/19, 26.3%). The HDMPs had high vascularity at their bases in cartilaginous areas (14/20, 70%), while the surrounding areas had elevated levels of long vascular channels penetrating beyond the zone of calcified cartilage (p = 0.012) compared to HDMP-free areas. Both COs and HDMPs had noticeable bone-resorbing osteoclasts amassing at the osteochondral junction and in vascular channels entering cartilage. In conclusion, HDMPs and COs are associated lesions in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis, sharing similar histologic features, including increased vascularization and metabolic bone activity at the osteochondral junction. Future studies are needed to determine the relationship of these lesions with osteoarthritis progression and symptomatology.

ACS Style

Alecio F. Lombardi; Qingbo Tang; Jonathan H. Wong; Judith L. Williams; Saeed Jerban; Yajun Ma; Hyungseok Jang; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. High-Density Mineralized Protrusions and Central Osteophytes: Associated Osteochondral Junction Abnormalities in Osteoarthritis. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 1051 .

AMA Style

Alecio F. Lombardi, Qingbo Tang, Jonathan H. Wong, Judith L. Williams, Saeed Jerban, Yajun Ma, Hyungseok Jang, Jiang Du, Eric Y. Chang. High-Density Mineralized Protrusions and Central Osteophytes: Associated Osteochondral Junction Abnormalities in Osteoarthritis. Diagnostics. 2020; 10 (12):1051.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alecio F. Lombardi; Qingbo Tang; Jonathan H. Wong; Judith L. Williams; Saeed Jerban; Yajun Ma; Hyungseok Jang; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. 2020. "High-Density Mineralized Protrusions and Central Osteophytes: Associated Osteochondral Junction Abnormalities in Osteoarthritis." Diagnostics 10, no. 12: 1051.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the United States, and the gut microbiome has recently emerged as a potential etiologic factor in OA development. Recent studies have shown that a microbiome is present at joint synovia. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the intra-articular microbiome within osteoarthritic synovia and to illustrate its role in OA disease progression. RNA-sequencing data from OA patient synovial tissue was aligned to a library of microbial reference genomes to identify microbial reads indicative of microbial abundance. Microbial abundance data of OA and normal samples was compared to identify differentially abundant microbes. We computationally explored the correlation of differentially abundant microbes to immunological gene signatures, immune signaling pathways, and immune cell infiltration. We found that microbes correlated to OA are related to dysregulation of two main functional pathways: increased inflammation-induced extracellular matrix remodeling and decreased cell signaling pathways crucial for joint and immune function. We also confirmed that the differentially abundant and biologically relevant microbes we had identified were not contaminants. Collectively, our findings contribute to the understanding of the human microbiome, well-known OA risk factors, and the role microbes play in OA pathogenesis. In conclusion, we present previously undiscovered microbes implicated in the OA disease progression that may be useful for future treatment purposes.

ACS Style

Joseph C. Tsai; Grant Casteneda; Abby Lee; Kypros Dereschuk; Wei Tse Li; Jaideep Chakladar; Alecio F. Lombardi; Weg M. Ongkeko; Eric Y. Chang. Identification and Characterization of the Intra-Articular Microbiome in the Osteoarthritic Knee. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 8618 .

AMA Style

Joseph C. Tsai, Grant Casteneda, Abby Lee, Kypros Dereschuk, Wei Tse Li, Jaideep Chakladar, Alecio F. Lombardi, Weg M. Ongkeko, Eric Y. Chang. Identification and Characterization of the Intra-Articular Microbiome in the Osteoarthritic Knee. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (22):8618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph C. Tsai; Grant Casteneda; Abby Lee; Kypros Dereschuk; Wei Tse Li; Jaideep Chakladar; Alecio F. Lombardi; Weg M. Ongkeko; Eric Y. Chang. 2020. "Identification and Characterization of the Intra-Articular Microbiome in the Osteoarthritic Knee." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22: 8618.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Radiology
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BackgroundWater signal contamination is a major challenge for direct ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging of myelin in vivo because water contributes most of the signals detected in white matter.PurposeTo validate a new short repetition time (TR) adiabatic inversion recovery (STAIR) prepared UTE (STAIR-UTE) sequence designed to suppress water signals and to allow imaging of ultrashort T2 protons of myelin in white matter using a clinical 3-T scanner.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, an optimization framework was used to obtain the optimal inversion time for nulling water signals using STAIR-UTE imaging at different TRs. Numeric simulation and phantom studies were performed. Healthy volunteers and participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) underwent MRI between November 2018 and October 2019 to compare STAIR-UTE and a clinical T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence for assessment of MS lesions. UTE measures of myelin were also performed to allow comparison of signals in lesions and with those in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with MS and in normal white matter (NWM) in healthy volunteers.ResultsSimulation and phantom studies both suggest that the proposed STAIR-UTE technique can effectively suppress long T2 tissues with a broad range of T1s. Ten healthy volunteers (mean age, 33 years ± 8 [standard deviation]; six women) and 10 patients with MS (mean age, 51 years ± 16; seven women) were evaluated. The three-dimensional STAIR-UTE sequence effectively suppressed water components in white matter and selectively imaged myelin, which had a measured T2* value of 0.21 msec ± 0.04 in the volunteer study. A much lower mean UTE measure of myelin proton density was found in MS lesions (3.8 mol/L ± 1.5), and a slightly lower mean UTE measure was found in NAWM (7.2 mol/L ± 0.8) compared with that in NWM (8.0 mol/L ± 0.8) in the healthy volunteers (P < .001 for both comparisons).ConclusionThe short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery–prepared ultrashort echo time sequence provided efficient water signal suppression for volumetric imaging of myelin in the brain and showed excellent myelin signal contrast as well as marked ultrashort echo time signal reduction in multiple sclerosis lesions and a smaller reduction in normal-appearing white matter compared with normal white matter in volunteers.© RSNA, 2020Online supplemental material is available for this article.See also the editorial by Messina and Port in this issue. Download as PowerPoint

ACS Style

Ya-Jun Ma; Hyungseok Jang; Zhao Wei; Zhenyu Cai; Yanping Xue; Roland R. Lee; Eric Y. Chang; Graeme M. Bydder; Jody Corey-Bloom; Jiang Du. Myelin Imaging in Human Brain Using a Short Repetition Time Adiabatic Inversion Recovery Prepared Ultrashort Echo Time (STAIR-UTE) MRI Sequence in Multiple Sclerosis. Radiology 2020, 297, 392 -404.

AMA Style

Ya-Jun Ma, Hyungseok Jang, Zhao Wei, Zhenyu Cai, Yanping Xue, Roland R. Lee, Eric Y. Chang, Graeme M. Bydder, Jody Corey-Bloom, Jiang Du. Myelin Imaging in Human Brain Using a Short Repetition Time Adiabatic Inversion Recovery Prepared Ultrashort Echo Time (STAIR-UTE) MRI Sequence in Multiple Sclerosis. Radiology. 2020; 297 (2):392-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Jun Ma; Hyungseok Jang; Zhao Wei; Zhenyu Cai; Yanping Xue; Roland R. Lee; Eric Y. Chang; Graeme M. Bydder; Jody Corey-Bloom; Jiang Du. 2020. "Myelin Imaging in Human Brain Using a Short Repetition Time Adiabatic Inversion Recovery Prepared Ultrashort Echo Time (STAIR-UTE) MRI Sequence in Multiple Sclerosis." Radiology 297, no. 2: 392-404.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Cancers
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An intra-pancreatic microbiota was recently discovered in several prominent studies. Since pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, and the intratumor microbiome was found to be a significant contributor to carcinogenesis in other cancers, this study aims to characterize the PAAD microbiome and elucidate how it may be associated with PAAD prognosis. We further explored the association between the intra-pancreatic microbiome and smoking and gender, which are both risk factors for PAAD. RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to infer microbial abundance, which was correlated to clinical variables and to cancer and immune-associated gene expression, to determine how microbes may contribute to cancer progression. We discovered that the presence of several bacteria species within PAAD tumors is linked to metastasis and immune suppression. This is the first large-scale study to report microbiome-immune correlations in human pancreatic cancer samples. Furthermore, we found that the increased prevalence and poorer prognosis of PAAD in males and smokers are linked to the presence of potentially cancer-promoting or immune-inhibiting microbes. Further study into the roles of these microbes in PAAD is imperative for understanding how a pro-tumor microenvironment may be treated to limit cancer progression.

ACS Style

Jaideep Chakladar; Selena Z. Kuo; Grant Castaneda; Wei Tse Li; Aditi Gnanasekar; Michael Andrew Yu; Eric Y. Chang; Xiao Qi Wang; Weg M. Ongkeko. The Pancreatic Microbiome Is Associated with Carcinogenesis and Worse Prognosis in Males and Smokers. Cancers 2020, 12, 2672 .

AMA Style

Jaideep Chakladar, Selena Z. Kuo, Grant Castaneda, Wei Tse Li, Aditi Gnanasekar, Michael Andrew Yu, Eric Y. Chang, Xiao Qi Wang, Weg M. Ongkeko. The Pancreatic Microbiome Is Associated with Carcinogenesis and Worse Prognosis in Males and Smokers. Cancers. 2020; 12 (9):2672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaideep Chakladar; Selena Z. Kuo; Grant Castaneda; Wei Tse Li; Aditi Gnanasekar; Michael Andrew Yu; Eric Y. Chang; Xiao Qi Wang; Weg M. Ongkeko. 2020. "The Pancreatic Microbiome Is Associated with Carcinogenesis and Worse Prognosis in Males and Smokers." Cancers 12, no. 9: 2672.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2020 in Cancers
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Although 1 in 9 American men will receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC), most men with this diagnosis will not die from it, as most PCs are indolent. However, there is a subset of patients in which the once-indolent PC becomes metastatic and eventually, fatal. In this study, we analyzed microbial compositions of intratumor bacteria in PC to determine the influence of the microbiome on metastatic growth. Using large-scale RNA-sequencing data and corresponding clinical data, we correlated the abundance of microbes to immune pathways and PC risk factors, identifying specific microbes that either significantly deter or contribute to cancer aggressiveness. Interestingly, most of the microbes we found appeared to play anti-tumor roles in PC. Since these anti-tumor microbes were overrepresented in tumor samples, we believe that microbes thrive in the tumor microenvironment, outcompete cancer cells, and directly mitigate tumor growth by recruiting immune cells. These include Listeria monocytogenes, Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831, Xanthomonas albilineans GPE PC73, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which are negatively correlated with Gleason score, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and Androgen Receptor (AR) expression, respectively. We also identified microbes that contribute to tumor growth and are positively correlated with genomic alterations, dysregulated immune-associated (IA) genes, and prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC) genes.

ACS Style

Jiayan Ma; Aditi Gnanasekar; Abby Lee; Wei Tse Li; Martin Haas; Jessica Wang-Rodriguez; Eric Y. Chang; Mahadevan Rajasekaran; Weg M. Ongkeko. Influence of Intratumor Microbiome on Clinical Outcome and Immune Processes in Prostate Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 2524 .

AMA Style

Jiayan Ma, Aditi Gnanasekar, Abby Lee, Wei Tse Li, Martin Haas, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Eric Y. Chang, Mahadevan Rajasekaran, Weg M. Ongkeko. Influence of Intratumor Microbiome on Clinical Outcome and Immune Processes in Prostate Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12 (9):2524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayan Ma; Aditi Gnanasekar; Abby Lee; Wei Tse Li; Martin Haas; Jessica Wang-Rodriguez; Eric Y. Chang; Mahadevan Rajasekaran; Weg M. Ongkeko. 2020. "Influence of Intratumor Microbiome on Clinical Outcome and Immune Processes in Prostate Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 9: 2524.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Cancers
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Previous studies have identified the importance of alcohol and hepatitis B (HBV) infection on HCC carcinogenesis, indicating synergy in the methods by which these etiologies advance cancer. However, the specific molecular mechanism behind alcohol and HBV-mediated carcinogenesis remains unknown. Because the microbiome is emerging as a potentially important regulator of cancer development, this study aims to classify the effects of HBV and alcohol on the intratumoral liver microbiome. RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to infer microbial abundance. This abundance was then correlated to clinical variables and to cancer and immune-associated gene expression, in order to determine how microbial abundance may contribute to differing cancer progression between etiologies. We discovered that the liver microbiome is likely oncogenic after exposure to alcohol or HBV, although these etiological factors could decrease the abundance of a few oncogenic microbes, which would lead to a tumor suppressive effect. In HBV-induced tumors, this tumor suppressive effect was inferred based on the downregulation of microbes that induce cancer and stem cell pathways. Alcohol-induced tumors were observed to have distinct microbial profiles from HBV-induced tumors, and different microbes are clinically relevant in each cohort, suggesting that the effects of the liver microbiome may be different in response to different etiological factors. Collectively, our data suggest that HBV and alcohol operate within a normally oncogenic microbiome to promote tumor development, but are also able to downregulate certain oncogenic microbes. Insight into why these microbes are downregulated following exposure to HBV or alcohol, and why the majority of oncogenic microbes are not downregulated, may be critical for understanding whether a pro-tumor liver microbiome could be suppressed or reversed to limit cancer progression.

ACS Style

Jaideep Chakladar; Lindsay M. Wong; Selena Z. Kuo; Wei Tse Li; Michael Andrew Yu; Eric Y. Chang; Xiao Qi Wang; Weg M. Ongkeko. The Liver Microbiome Is Implicated in Cancer Prognosis and Modulated by Alcohol and Hepatitis B. Cancers 2020, 12, 1642 .

AMA Style

Jaideep Chakladar, Lindsay M. Wong, Selena Z. Kuo, Wei Tse Li, Michael Andrew Yu, Eric Y. Chang, Xiao Qi Wang, Weg M. Ongkeko. The Liver Microbiome Is Implicated in Cancer Prognosis and Modulated by Alcohol and Hepatitis B. Cancers. 2020; 12 (6):1642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaideep Chakladar; Lindsay M. Wong; Selena Z. Kuo; Wei Tse Li; Michael Andrew Yu; Eric Y. Chang; Xiao Qi Wang; Weg M. Ongkeko. 2020. "The Liver Microbiome Is Implicated in Cancer Prognosis and Modulated by Alcohol and Hepatitis B." Cancers 12, no. 6: 1642.

Original research
Published: 04 March 2020 in Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Background Relatively weak correlations between patient symptoms and rotator cuff tendon (RCT) tearing have been reported; however, the relationship between symptoms and tendinosis has been less well‐studied. Purpose/Hypothesis To use quantitative MRI to assess the bilateral RCTs in shoulders of both patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy and control subjects. We hypothesized that quantitative MRI measures would differ between symptomatic patients and controls. Study Type Prospective imaging study. Population/Subjects In all, 48 shoulders from 24 subjects (mean age, 32.8 years), including 14 patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy and 10 asymptomatic controls. Field Strength/Sequence 3T/3D ultrashort echo time Cones sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE‐Cones‐MT) and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill. Assessment Macromolecular fraction (MMF) and T2 relaxation were measured in four regions of the superior RCT, including all‐segments, and lateral‐third, bursal‐sided, and articular‐sided segments. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index and visual analog scale were assessed. Statistical Tests Three shoulder groups were evaluated, including symptomatic shoulders, contralateral asymptomatic shoulders in patients, and asymptomatic controls. MMF and T2 values were compared between groups using a bootstrap‐based comparison of means. Results Significant differences were found in both MMF and T2 values between symptomatic and control RCTs when analyzing all‐segments (P = 0.027 and P = 0.006, respectively) and articular‐sided segments (both P = 0.001). Significant differences between asymptomatic RCTs in patients and control RCTs were also found, including MMF in all four anatomic regions analyzed (P = 0.024–0.044), as well as T2 in all‐segments (P = 0.003), bursal‐sided segments (P = 0.021), and articular‐sided segments (P = 0.002). No significant differences in MMF (P = 0.420–0.950) or T2 (P = 0.380–0.910) were seen between ipsilateral symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic RCTs in patients. Data Conclusion Symptomatic RCTs showed significantly lower MMF values and higher T2 values compared with control RCTs. In patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy, the contralateral shoulder can demonstrate asymptomatic tendinopathy, which can be quantified using MMF or T2. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2.

ACS Style

Aria Ashir; Yajun Ma; Saeed Jerban; Hyungseok Jang; Zhao Wei; Nicole Le B.A.; Jiang Du Ph.D.; Eric Y. Chang. Rotator Cuff Tendon Assessment in Symptomatic and Control Groups Using Quantitative MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2020, 52, 864 -872.

AMA Style

Aria Ashir, Yajun Ma, Saeed Jerban, Hyungseok Jang, Zhao Wei, Nicole Le B.A., Jiang Du Ph.D., Eric Y. Chang. Rotator Cuff Tendon Assessment in Symptomatic and Control Groups Using Quantitative MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2020; 52 (3):864-872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aria Ashir; Yajun Ma; Saeed Jerban; Hyungseok Jang; Zhao Wei; Nicole Le B.A.; Jiang Du Ph.D.; Eric Y. Chang. 2020. "Rotator Cuff Tendon Assessment in Symptomatic and Control Groups Using Quantitative MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 52, no. 3: 864-872.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Radiology
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BackgroundSignal contamination from long T2 water is a major challenge in direct imaging of myelin with MRI. Nulling of the unwanted long T2 signals can be achieved with an inversion recovery (IR) preparation pulse to null long T2 white matter within the brain. The remaining ultrashort T2 signal from myelin can be detected with an ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence.PurposeTo develop patient-specific whole-brain myelin imaging with a three-dimensional double-echo sliding inversion recovery (DESIRE) UTE sequence.Materials and MethodsThe DESIRE UTE sequence generates a series of IR images with different inversion times during a single scan. The optimal inversion time for nulling long T2 signal is determined by finding minimal signal on the second echo. Myelin images are generated by subtracting the second echo image from the first UTE image. To validate this method, a prospective study was performed in phantoms, cadaveric brain specimens, healthy volunteers, and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 40 years ± 13 [standard deviation], 10 women) and 20 patients with MS (mean age, 58 years ± 8; 15 women) who underwent MRI between November 2017 and February 2019 were prospectively included. Analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the signal difference between MS lesions and normal-appearing white matter in patients with MS.ResultsHigh signal intensity and corresponding T2* and T1 of the extracted myelin vesicles provided evidence for direct imaging of ultrashort-T2 myelin protons using the UTE sequence. Gadobenate dimeglumine phantoms with a wide range of T1 values were selectively suppressed with DESIRE UTE. In the ex vivo brain study of MS lesions, signal loss was observed in MS lesions and was conformed with histologic analysis. In the human study, there was a significant reduction in normalized signal intensity in MS lesions compared with that in normal-appearing white matter (0.19 ± 0.10 vs 0.76 ± 0.11, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionThe double-echo sliding inversion recovery ultrashort echo time sequence can generate whole-brain myelin images specifically with a clinical 3-T scanner.© RSNA, 2019Online supplemental material is available for this article.See also the editorial by Port in this issue. Download as PowerPoint

ACS Style

Ya-Jun Ma; Adam C. Searleman; Hyungseok Jang; Jonathan Wong; Eric Y. Chang; Jody Corey-Bloom; Graeme M. Bydder; Jiang Du. Whole-Brain Myelin Imaging Using 3D Double-Echo Sliding Inversion Recovery Ultrashort Echo Time (DESIRE UTE) MRI. Radiology 2020, 294, 362 -374.

AMA Style

Ya-Jun Ma, Adam C. Searleman, Hyungseok Jang, Jonathan Wong, Eric Y. Chang, Jody Corey-Bloom, Graeme M. Bydder, Jiang Du. Whole-Brain Myelin Imaging Using 3D Double-Echo Sliding Inversion Recovery Ultrashort Echo Time (DESIRE UTE) MRI. Radiology. 2020; 294 (2):362-374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Jun Ma; Adam C. Searleman; Hyungseok Jang; Jonathan Wong; Eric Y. Chang; Jody Corey-Bloom; Graeme M. Bydder; Jiang Du. 2020. "Whole-Brain Myelin Imaging Using 3D Double-Echo Sliding Inversion Recovery Ultrashort Echo Time (DESIRE UTE) MRI." Radiology 294, no. 2: 362-374.

Review paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in Polish Journal of Radiology
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Elbow pain can cause disability, especially in athletes, and is a common clinical complaint for both the general practitioner and the orthopaedic surgeon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent tool for the evaluation of joint pathology due to its high sensitivity as a result of high...

ACS Style

Alecio Lombardi; Aria Ashir; Tetyana Gorbachova; Mihra Taljanovic; Eric Y. Chang. Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Polish Journal of Radiology 2020, 85, 440 -460.

AMA Style

Alecio Lombardi, Aria Ashir, Tetyana Gorbachova, Mihra Taljanovic, Eric Y. Chang. Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Polish Journal of Radiology. 2020; 85 (1):440-460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alecio Lombardi; Aria Ashir; Tetyana Gorbachova; Mihra Taljanovic; Eric Y. Chang. 2020. "Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow." Polish Journal of Radiology 85, no. 1: 440-460.

Review paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in Polish Journal of Radiology
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The aim of this article is to review the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of shoulder pain, which is a common clinical complaint of the musculoskeletal system. MRI is an essential auxiliary tool to evaluate these patients because of its high resolution and high...

ACS Style

Aria Ashir; Alecio Lombardi; Saeed Jerban; Yajun Ma; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder. Polish Journal of Radiology 2020, 85, 420 -439.

AMA Style

Aria Ashir, Alecio Lombardi, Saeed Jerban, Yajun Ma, Jiang Du, Eric Y. Chang. Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder. Polish Journal of Radiology. 2020; 85 (1):420-439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aria Ashir; Alecio Lombardi; Saeed Jerban; Yajun Ma; Jiang Du; Eric Y. Chang. 2020. "Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder." Polish Journal of Radiology 85, no. 1: 420-439.