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In high performance tennis, different aspects like physical-conditioning, strategy-tactic, technical-biomechanical, psychology and skills acquisition have received large attention from the researchers. Nevertheless, the programming, periodization and planning of training sessions and competitions have not been as studied in depth. Coaches still use their experience, trial-error and subjective perceptions as methods of conducting these fundamental tasks. This article presents the design and validation of an instrument to control the technical and tactical training content on-court. The instrument was conceived by 9 experts and validated by 23 experienced coaches, who used on-court tennis exercises examples. The instrument is a useful tool for helping the coaches to improve the control of the on-court technical and tactical content and the tennis training session contents in high performance tennis players.
Francisco Penalva; José F Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo. Design and validation of a tennis tool to control on-court technical and tactical training content. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Penalva, José F Guzmán, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Miguel Crespo. Design and validation of a tennis tool to control on-court technical and tactical training content. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Penalva; José F Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo. 2021. "Design and validation of a tennis tool to control on-court technical and tactical training content." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching , no. : 1.
(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they will face in match play. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the different types of volley positions in men’s and women’s doubles professional tennis. (2) Methods: Ball tracking data were collected for 46 women (Billie Jean King Cup) and 96 men’s doubles matches (Davis Cup). The variables used were the distance to the net, the distance to the centre of the court and the height of the impact. A K-Means cluster analysis was used to identify in each subsample different profiles of volley locations. (3) Results: The inferential analysis revealed differences in men’s (distance to the net η2 = 0.72, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.77 and impact height η2 = 0.63) and women’s subsamples (distance to the net η2 = 0.48, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.52 and impact height η2 = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The results allowed the suggestion of a higher variability in men’s matches, as there were seven different clusters identified, and only four in women’s.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles). Sustainability 2021, 13, 6370 .
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Miguel Crespo. A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. 2021. "A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles)." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6370.
Tennis coaches are facing considerable challenges as the game is disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The long tradition of tennis in the Latin American region and in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking European countries makes comparing these regions particularly interesting. The purpose of this research was to study the perceptions of Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking tennis coaches working in Latin American and European countries regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health, professional, and economic circumstances. The perceptions of 655 coaches from 19 Latin American and European countries were collected using an ad-hoc questionnaire. Coaches reported on the incidence of the virus in terms of infection and quarantine, the impact on their coaching programs, and on their professional development, training, and education. They were also asked about their perception of the overall situation as a threat. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the health and the profession of tennis coaches. Although Latin American coaches reported a greater impact on their health, economic, and professional circumstances, they viewed the pandemic as an opportunity for professional improvement and training as compared to the perceptions of European coaches. In light of these results, implications, practical applications, and future research are proposed.
Miguel Crespo; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin. Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5554 .
AMA StyleMiguel Crespo, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin. Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Crespo; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin. 2021. "Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5554.
Doubles tennis has received little interest from quantitative research to date. Coach-led anecdotes therefore abound. The aims of this study were therefore to evaluate the veracity of the following common anecdotes: (a) serving teams have an advantage regardless of the length of the point; (b) serving teams have a greater advantage with new balls; (c) regular teams perform better when serving than new teams and (d) serving teams decrease their performance during break points. Data from doubles hard-court and clay-court tennis were collated for 52 doubles teams during 2018 ATP tournaments. Results revealed that the advantage of serving teams was evident on the points lasting up to 4 shots. Serving teams only had a greater advantage with new balls when playing on clay courts and suffered reduced winning probabilities on break points. A team’s familiarity only seemed to positively influence outcomes on hard courts. In sum, our novel findings highlight the important role that quantitative analysis can play in challenging doubles convention and shaping contemporary practice design and match strategy.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Santiago Micó Salvador; José Francisco Guzmán Luján; Machar Reid; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. Challenging serve myths in doubles tennis. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Santiago Micó Salvador, José Francisco Guzmán Luján, Machar Reid, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Miguel Crespo. Challenging serve myths in doubles tennis. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Santiago Micó Salvador; José Francisco Guzmán Luján; Machar Reid; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. 2021. "Challenging serve myths in doubles tennis." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching , no. : 1.
The aim of this study was to identify the physical factors related to serve speed in male professional wheelchair tennis players (WT). Nine best nationally-ranked Spanish male wheelchair tennis players (38.35 ± 11.28 years, 63.77 ± 7.01 kg.) completed a neuromuscular test battery consisting of: isometric handgrip strength; serve velocity; 5, 10 and 20 m sprint (with and without racket); agility (with and without racket); medicine ball throw (serve, forehand and backhand movements); and an incremental endurance test specific to WT. Significantly higher correlations were observed in serve (r = 0.921), forehand (r = 0.810) and backhand (r = 0.791) medicine ball throws showing a positive correlation with serve velocity. A regression analysis identified a single model with the medicine ball throw serve as the main predictor of serve velocity (r2 = 0.847, p < 0.001). In conclusion, it is recommended that coaches and physical trainers include medicine ball throw workouts in the training programs of WT tennis players due to the transfer benefits to the serve speed.
Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; David Sanz-Rivas. Key Physical Factors in the Serve Velocity of Male Professional Wheelchair Tennis Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1944 .
AMA StyleAlejandro Sánchez-Pay, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Miguel Crespo, David Sanz-Rivas. Key Physical Factors in the Serve Velocity of Male Professional Wheelchair Tennis Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Sánchez-Pay; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; David Sanz-Rivas. 2021. "Key Physical Factors in the Serve Velocity of Male Professional Wheelchair Tennis Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1944.
This article provides information on the time structure of the doubles game in tennis and studies the influence of team experience on this time structure. The sample consisted of 2339 points corresponding to 19 complete ATP matches. Variables related to the point length and the number of shots per point were recorded, and teams were classified based on their experience playing together. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to check the differences according to the types of teams and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to check the differences depending on the match. The variables related to the duration and density of work presented lower values than in singles tennis. Regarding the data found based on the winning and losing team, the new teams used more time and more shots to win the points than the regular teams. Regarding the type of match, in the matches between two new teams, the duration of the points and the number of shots per point was greater compared to the other two types of matches. Offensive game strategies were adopted in the doubles matches, especially in regular teams, which reduced the length and density of the game.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Fernando Vives; José Francisco Guzmán; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. Time structure in men’s professional doubles tennis: does team experience allow finishing the points faster? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 2021, 21, 215 -225.
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Fernando Vives, José Francisco Guzmán, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Miguel Crespo. Time structure in men’s professional doubles tennis: does team experience allow finishing the points faster? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2021; 21 (2):215-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Fernando Vives; José Francisco Guzmán; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. 2021. "Time structure in men’s professional doubles tennis: does team experience allow finishing the points faster?" International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 21, no. 2: 215-225.
The doubles game has considerable relevance in professional tennis, especially in team competitions such as the Billie Jean King Cup (former Fed Cup) (BJKC) and the Davis Cup (DC). However, there are very few studies that have carried out quantitative notational analysis to provide information on the specific features of this tennis modality. The goal of this study was to analyse the differences in serve direction and effectiveness of male and female teams in matches played at BJKC and DC ties. A total of 29,207 serves; 7,578 of BJKC and 21,628 of DC matches were analysed. The data was obtained through the Hawk-Eye system. The results showed that with the first serve, both BJKC and DC teams tried to move the receiver by serving to zones W (wide) and T to take the initiative of the point, while with the second serve teams took lower risks and mainly served to zone B (body). In general, in DC matches the effectiveness of the serve was greater than in BJKC ones. The first serve effectiveness in DC matches was found to be higher in each direction, while the differences in the effectiveness of the second serve was only found in the zone C (body) of the advantage service box. This information can be particularly relevant for coaches to design the doubles training sessions and the strategic planning of doubles matches on reliable and quantitative information.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; Jorge Jiménez. Analysis of the differences in serve effectiveness between Billie Jean King Cup (former Fed Cup) and Davis Cup doubles tennis matches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2021, 16, 777 -783.
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Miguel Crespo, Jorge Jiménez. Analysis of the differences in serve effectiveness between Billie Jean King Cup (former Fed Cup) and Davis Cup doubles tennis matches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2021; 16 (3):777-783.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; Jorge Jiménez. 2021. "Analysis of the differences in serve effectiveness between Billie Jean King Cup (former Fed Cup) and Davis Cup doubles tennis matches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 3: 777-783.
Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (volleys, trays, and smashes) but used more forward strokes (from 7 to 32 cm, compared to novice) in defensive shots (groundstrokes, wall strokes, and lobs). Because the current differential variables are trainable and demonstrated to be of relevance for performance, the findings of this study may assist padel coaches in designing proper training plans to improve effectiveness and to prevent musculoskeletal injuries regarding the type of stroke and ball impact position. Such knowledge may constitute a very important factor affecting technique, biomechanics, and injury management in padel players of different competitive levels.
Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Salvador Llana; Goran Vuckovic; Diego Muñoz; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Jesús Ramón-Llin. Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 435 .
AMA StyleBernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Salvador Llana, Goran Vuckovic, Diego Muñoz, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, Jesús Ramón-Llin. Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Salvador Llana; Goran Vuckovic; Diego Muñoz; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Jesús Ramón-Llin. 2021. "Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 435.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of padel strokes, their effectiveness, direction, and court zone, comparing between the winning and losing pairs in the match and the playing side of the players. The sample included 8441 strokes corresponding to 1055 points out of a total of nine padel matches in the First National Category. The variables analyzed were type of stroke, court area, effectiveness and directions of the strokes, match outcome, and game side. Matches were analyzed through systematic observation. The results showed that the winning pair made a significantly higher percentage of winners, and cross-court smashes and volleys from the offensive zone. In addition, players on the left side executed a higher percentage of cross-court and winning shots than the players on the right side. Such knowledge may constitute a useful guide in the design of appropriate game strategies and specific training sessions based on the shots that will help players to win the match according to the role of the player and depending on their game side.
Jesús Ramón-Llin; José Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Diego Muñoz; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7838 .
AMA StyleJesús Ramón-Llin, José Guzmán, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Diego Muñoz, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Ramón-Llin; José Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Diego Muñoz; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. 2020. "Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7838.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Santiago Micó; José Francisco Guzmán. Men's doubles professional tennis on hard courts: Game structure and point ending characteristics. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 2019, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Miguel Crespo, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Santiago Micó, José Francisco Guzmán. Men's doubles professional tennis on hard courts: Game structure and point ending characteristics. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2019; 15 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Miguel Crespo; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Santiago Micó; José Francisco Guzmán. 2019. "Men's doubles professional tennis on hard courts: Game structure and point ending characteristics." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 15, no. 3: 1.
These results suggest that winner players controlled the game by playing more offensively and forcing losers to play in defensive positions, move greater distances at a faster speed, and make more errors.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; José F Guzmán; Miguel Crespo; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Goran Vučković. Technical, tactical and movement analysis of men's professional tennis on hard courts. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2018, 59, 50 -56.
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, José F Guzmán, Miguel Crespo, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Goran Vučković. Technical, tactical and movement analysis of men's professional tennis on hard courts. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2018; 59 (1):50-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; José F Guzmán; Miguel Crespo; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Goran Vučković. 2018. "Technical, tactical and movement analysis of men's professional tennis on hard courts." The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 59, no. 1: 50-56.
In different areas of the court in elite tennis. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 8, No. Proc3, pp. S601-S607, 2013. Winners and errors have been two of the most studied performance indicators in tennis, contributing to the prediction of match outcome and definition of the playing style of the players. Furthermore, the position occupied by the player on the court has also been shown to be a good indicator of both the final result and style of play. The aim of this study was to examine whether there were differences between game winners and losers in terms of number of winners and errors, and if there were differences in them according to the player's position. 8 matches of the 2011 ATP tournament 500 Valencia were recorded and analysed using SAGIT, a computer vision tracking system that allowed both players’ movements to be tracked automatically. The software was programmed to divide each half of the court into offensive and defensive zones. The data were divided in games (N = 188) for analysis purposes and the outcomes of the rallies were classified as winners, forced and unforced errors. The proportionate frequency of unforced errors for losers was higher than winners, and the proportionate frequency of winners and opponent’s forced errors was higher for winners than for losers. The time spent of winners in the offensive zone correlated with the percentage of winners and opponent’s forced errors, while for the losers time spent in the offensive zone correlated with the percentage of unforced errors. These results suggest that when game winners are in offensive zone they take advantage to hit more winners or force opponent’s error. On the contrary when game losers are in offensive zone, they commit more unforced errors. Future investigations should consider shots played in each zone separately. Key words: MOTION ANALYSIS, TACTICS, WINNERS, LOSERS
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jose Francisco Guzmán; Nic James; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo; Goran Vuckovic. The relationship between the incidence of winners/errors and the time spent in different areas of the court in elite tennis. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 2013, 8, S601 -S607.
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Jose Francisco Guzmán, Nic James, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Miguel Crespo, Goran Vuckovic. The relationship between the incidence of winners/errors and the time spent in different areas of the court in elite tennis. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2013; 8 (Proc3):S601-S607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Jose Francisco Guzmán; Nic James; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo; Goran Vuckovic. 2013. "The relationship between the incidence of winners/errors and the time spent in different areas of the court in elite tennis." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 8, no. Proc3: S601-S607.