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(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they will face in match play. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the different types of volley positions in men’s and women’s doubles professional tennis. (2) Methods: Ball tracking data were collected for 46 women (Billie Jean King Cup) and 96 men’s doubles matches (Davis Cup). The variables used were the distance to the net, the distance to the centre of the court and the height of the impact. A K-Means cluster analysis was used to identify in each subsample different profiles of volley locations. (3) Results: The inferential analysis revealed differences in men’s (distance to the net η2 = 0.72, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.77 and impact height η2 = 0.63) and women’s subsamples (distance to the net η2 = 0.48, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.52 and impact height η2 = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The results allowed the suggestion of a higher variability in men’s matches, as there were seven different clusters identified, and only four in women’s.
Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles). Sustainability 2021, 13, 6370 .
AMA StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Miguel Crespo. A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Miguel Crespo. 2021. "A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles)." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6370.
Tennis coaches are facing considerable challenges as the game is disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The long tradition of tennis in the Latin American region and in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking European countries makes comparing these regions particularly interesting. The purpose of this research was to study the perceptions of Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking tennis coaches working in Latin American and European countries regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health, professional, and economic circumstances. The perceptions of 655 coaches from 19 Latin American and European countries were collected using an ad-hoc questionnaire. Coaches reported on the incidence of the virus in terms of infection and quarantine, the impact on their coaching programs, and on their professional development, training, and education. They were also asked about their perception of the overall situation as a threat. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the health and the profession of tennis coaches. Although Latin American coaches reported a greater impact on their health, economic, and professional circumstances, they viewed the pandemic as an opportunity for professional improvement and training as compared to the perceptions of European coaches. In light of these results, implications, practical applications, and future research are proposed.
Miguel Crespo; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin. Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5554 .
AMA StyleMiguel Crespo, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin. Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Crespo; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Jesús Ramón-Llin. 2021. "Tennis Coaches’ Perceptions of Covid-19 Impact on Their Health and Professional Activity: A Multi-Cultural Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5554.
Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (volleys, trays, and smashes) but used more forward strokes (from 7 to 32 cm, compared to novice) in defensive shots (groundstrokes, wall strokes, and lobs). Because the current differential variables are trainable and demonstrated to be of relevance for performance, the findings of this study may assist padel coaches in designing proper training plans to improve effectiveness and to prevent musculoskeletal injuries regarding the type of stroke and ball impact position. Such knowledge may constitute a very important factor affecting technique, biomechanics, and injury management in padel players of different competitive levels.
Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Salvador Llana; Goran Vuckovic; Diego Muñoz; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Jesús Ramón-Llin. Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 435 .
AMA StyleBernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Salvador Llana, Goran Vuckovic, Diego Muñoz, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, Jesús Ramón-Llin. Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Salvador Llana; Goran Vuckovic; Diego Muñoz; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Jesús Ramón-Llin. 2021. "Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 435.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of padel strokes, their effectiveness, direction, and court zone, comparing between the winning and losing pairs in the match and the playing side of the players. The sample included 8441 strokes corresponding to 1055 points out of a total of nine padel matches in the First National Category. The variables analyzed were type of stroke, court area, effectiveness and directions of the strokes, match outcome, and game side. Matches were analyzed through systematic observation. The results showed that the winning pair made a significantly higher percentage of winners, and cross-court smashes and volleys from the offensive zone. In addition, players on the left side executed a higher percentage of cross-court and winning shots than the players on the right side. Such knowledge may constitute a useful guide in the design of appropriate game strategies and specific training sessions based on the shots that will help players to win the match according to the role of the player and depending on their game side.
Jesús Ramón-Llin; José Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Diego Muñoz; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7838 .
AMA StyleJesús Ramón-Llin, José Guzmán, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Diego Muñoz, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Ramón-Llin; José Guzmán; Rafael Martínez-Gallego; Diego Muñoz; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz. 2020. "Stroke Analysis in Padel According to Match Outcome and Game Side on Court." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7838.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and effectiveness of the different types of smash in professional padel according to the area and direction of the strokes and the gender. Through systematic observation, 1.015 smashes from eight finals (four men’s and four women’s) of the professional matches were analyzed. The smashes were categorized into four types of smash: tray, flat, topspin and off the wall. The results showed both men’s and women’s that the tray is the most used smash by padel players, presenting a percentage of point continuity of almost 90%. The flat and topspin smashes are the strokes that achieve the highest percentage of winning points (near 60%), although this efficiency decreases significantly when the players move away from the net area (p < 0.05), especially in the flat smash. Men perform a higher percentage of winning smashes than women, mainly in the flat smash (p = 0.02). Furthermore, with regards to direction, flat and off the wall smashes are predominantly down the line strokes and women perform significantly more cross court topspin smashes than men (p = 0.005). The results shown could be used to design tasks and exercises by padel coaches at professional players.
Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz; Daniel T. Perez-Puche; Francisco Pradas; Jesús Ramón-Llín; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Diego Muñoz. Analysis of Performance Parameters of the Smash in Male and Female Professional Padel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7027 .
AMA StyleBernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz, Daniel T. Perez-Puche, Francisco Pradas, Jesús Ramón-Llín, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, Diego Muñoz. Analysis of Performance Parameters of the Smash in Male and Female Professional Padel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz; Daniel T. Perez-Puche; Francisco Pradas; Jesús Ramón-Llín; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay; Diego Muñoz. 2020. "Analysis of Performance Parameters of the Smash in Male and Female Professional Padel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7027.
This aim of this study was to analyze serve and return statistics in elite padel players regarding courtside and gender. The sample contained 668 serves and 600 returns of serves from 14 matches (7 male and 7 female) of the 2019 Masters Finals World Padel Tour. Variables pertaining to serve (number, direction, court side and effectiveness), return of serve (direction, height, stroke type and effectiveness) and point outcome were registered through systematic observation. The main results showed that the serving pair had an advantage in rallies, under 8 shots in women and under 12 shots in men. Statistical differences according to gender and court side were found. Female players execute more backhand and cross-court returns and use more lobs than men. On the right court, serves are more frequently aimed at the “T” and more down the line returns are executed when compared to the left side. Such knowledge could be useful to develop appropriate game strategies and to design specific training exercises based on actual competition context.
Bernardino J Sánchez-Alcaraz; Diego Muñoz; Francisco Pradas; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Jerónimo Cañas; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay. Analysis of Serve and Serve-Return Strategies in Elite Male and Female Padel. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6693 .
AMA StyleBernardino J Sánchez-Alcaraz, Diego Muñoz, Francisco Pradas, Jesús Ramón-Llin, Jerónimo Cañas, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay. Analysis of Serve and Serve-Return Strategies in Elite Male and Female Padel. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardino J Sánchez-Alcaraz; Diego Muñoz; Francisco Pradas; Jesús Ramón-Llin; Jerónimo Cañas; Alejandro Sánchez-Pay. 2020. "Analysis of Serve and Serve-Return Strategies in Elite Male and Female Padel." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6693.
We aimed to compare the match-play and kinematic demands of the translation and rotation movements of elite wheelchair padel players as a function of match results. Twenty-two elite male players were video-analysed with a two-dimensional direct linear transformation (DLT) -corrected video system across seven matches of a professional tournament. Distance, turns, changes of direction, linear and angular speed, acceleration and the players’ heart rate (HR) were recorded. Losing couples in wheelchair padel covered greater distances than winners (P <0.001; r = 0.024) and did so at a higher speed (P <0.001; r = 0.06), while making greater efforts by accelerating (P <0.001; ∅ = -0.021), braking (P <0.001; ∅ = -0.014), and remaining less time stationary (P <0.001; ∅ = 0.059). In addition, losers performed more turns per rally (P <0.001; r = 0.04) at a faster speed, greater angular accelerations (P <0.001; V = 0.06) and greater average (P = 0.007; d = 0.91) and maximum (P = 0.20; d = 0.69) HR values. These data suggest that winner couples performed a better court positioning and employed a strategy to move the opponent during rallies in order to avoid them optimally reaching the ball.
Daniel Navas; Santiago Veiga; Enrique Navarro; Jesús Ramón-Llín. Differences in kinematic and match-play demands between elite winning and losing wheelchair padel players. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0233475 .
AMA StyleDaniel Navas, Santiago Veiga, Enrique Navarro, Jesús Ramón-Llín. Differences in kinematic and match-play demands between elite winning and losing wheelchair padel players. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0233475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Navas; Santiago Veiga; Enrique Navarro; Jesús Ramón-Llín. 2020. "Differences in kinematic and match-play demands between elite winning and losing wheelchair padel players." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9: e0233475.
Purpose: The pressure exerted on racket sports players by the service has been well documented. Whilst the return of serve has been suggested through qualitative interviews as being of similar importance there is a dearth of quantitative data to support this contention. This study analyzed time, speed, and distance parameters related to the outcome of the return of serve (ROS) in Padel, a sport similar to tennis but played on a court bounded by walls and played in doubles format only. Methods: Matches (n = 18) at two tournaments, sanctioned by the Valencian Federation, in 2012 were recorded and processed using Tracker software. ROS shot type (flat or lob), ball location, players’ positions on court and movement parameters between the ROS and the third shot of the server were captured 25 times per second. Results: Both lob and flat ROS produced six main clusters, as well as a small proportion of shots deemed outliers. The clusters differentiated shots played by two different level players (National and Regional), whether the ROS was played following a first or second serve, whether the serving pair adopted a conventional or Australian formation and whether the rally ended in a short number of shots (seven or less) or not. Conclusion: It was suggested that the aim of the ROS in Padel was to prevent the serving pair winning the rally quickly, since the advantage of the serve diminished after around 6 to 8 shots. This was best achieved by good depth on lobs, regardless of the direction, and pace on low shots, predominately aimed toward the server. This approach should be further modified to include the time between serve and ROS and consideration could be given to classifying attacking and defending positions.
Jesus Ramón-Llin; Jose Francisco Guzmán; Salvador Llana; Rafa Martínez-Gallego; Nic James; Goran Vučković. The Effect of the Return of Serve on the Server Pair’s Movement Parameters and Rally Outcome in Padel Using Cluster Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 2019, 10, 1194 .
AMA StyleJesus Ramón-Llin, Jose Francisco Guzmán, Salvador Llana, Rafa Martínez-Gallego, Nic James, Goran Vučković. The Effect of the Return of Serve on the Server Pair’s Movement Parameters and Rally Outcome in Padel Using Cluster Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10 ():1194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesus Ramón-Llin; Jose Francisco Guzmán; Salvador Llana; Rafa Martínez-Gallego; Nic James; Goran Vučković. 2019. "The Effect of the Return of Serve on the Server Pair’s Movement Parameters and Rally Outcome in Padel Using Cluster Analysis." Frontiers in Psychology 10, no. : 1194.