Hydrogels tested and evaluated in this study were developed for the possibility of their use as the bioinks for 3D direct bioprinting. Procedures for preparation and sterilization of hydrogels and the speed of the bioprinting were developed. Sodium alginate gelatine hydrogels were characterized in terms of printability, mechanical, and biological properties (viability, proliferation ability, biocompatibility). A hydrogel with the best properties was selected to carry out direct bioprinting tests in order to determine the parameters of the bioink, adapted to print with use of the designed and constructed bioprinter and provide the best conditions for cell growth. The obtained results showed the ability to control mechanical properties, biological response, and degradation rate of hydrogels through the use of various solvents. The use of a dedicated culture medium as a solvent for the preparation of a bioink, containing the predicted cell line, increases the proliferation of these cells. Modification of the percentage of individual components of the hydrogel gives the possibility of a controlled degradation process, which, in the case of printing of temporary medical devices, is a very important parameter for the hydrogels’ usage possibility—both in terms of tissue engineering and printing of tissue elements replacement, implants, and organs.

Titanium and its alloys are characterized by high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, high biocompatibility and relatively low Young’s modulus. For many years, one of the most commonly used and described titanium alloys has been Ti-6Al-4V. The great interest in this two-phase titanium alloy is due to the broad possibilities of shaping its mechanical and physico-chemical properties using modern surface engineering techniques. The high coefficient of friction and tendency to galling are the most important drawbacks limiting the application of this material in many areas. In this regard, such methods as carburizing, nitriding, oxidation, and the synthesis of thin films using physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods may significantly improve the tribological properties of titanium alloys. The influence of thermo-chemical treatment (oxidation, carburizing and nitriding) on tribological properties and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is presented in this paper. The results include metallographic studies, analysis of tribological and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance as well. They indicate significant improvements in mechanical properties manifested by a twofold increase in hardness and improved corrosion resistance for the oxidation process. The carburizing was most important for reducing the coefficient of friction and wear rate. The nitriding process had the least effect on the properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.