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Sen Li
Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

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Original research article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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The non-destructive estimation of plant nitrogen (N) status is imperative for timely and in-season crop N management. The objectives of this study were to use canopy cover (CC) to establish the empirical relations between plant growth indices [shoot dry matter (SDM), leaf area index (LAI), shoot N accumulation (SNA), shoot nitrogen concentration (SNC)], and CC as well as to test the feasibility of using CC to assess N nutrition index (NNI) from Feekes 3 to Feekes 6 stages of winter wheat. Four multi-locational (2 sites), multi-cultivars (four cultivars), and multi-N rates (0–300 kg N ha–1) field experiments were carried out during 2016 to 2018 seasons. The digital images of the canopy were captured by a digital camera from Feekes 3 to Feekes 6 stages of winter wheat, while SDM, LAI, SNA, and SNC were measured by destructive plant sampling. CC was calculated from digital images developed by self-programmed software. CC showed significant correlations with growth indices (SDM, LAI, and SNA) across the different cultivars and N treatments, except for SNC. However, the stability of these empirical models was affected by cultivar characteristics and N application rates. Plant N status of winter wheat was assessed using CC through two methods (direct and indirect methods). The direct and indirect methods failed to develop a unified linear regression to estimate NNI owing to the high dispersion of winter wheat SNC during its early growth stages. The relationships of CC with SDM, SNC and NNI developed at individual growth stages of winter wheat using both methods were highly significant. The relationships developed at individual growth stages did not need to consider the effect of N dilution process, yet their stability is influenced by cultivar characteristics. This study revealed that CC has larger limitation to be used as a proxy to manage the crop growth and N nutrition during the early growth period of winter wheat despite it is an easily measured index.

ACS Style

Ben Zhao; Yonghui Zhang; Aiwang Duan; Zhandong Liu; Junfu Xiao; Zugui Liu; Anzhen Qin; Dongfeng Ning; Sen Li; Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim. Estimating the Growth Indices and Nitrogen Status Based on Color Digital Image Analysis During Early Growth Period of Winter Wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 619522 .

AMA Style

Ben Zhao, Yonghui Zhang, Aiwang Duan, Zhandong Liu, Junfu Xiao, Zugui Liu, Anzhen Qin, Dongfeng Ning, Sen Li, Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim. Estimating the Growth Indices and Nitrogen Status Based on Color Digital Image Analysis During Early Growth Period of Winter Wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():619522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ben Zhao; Yonghui Zhang; Aiwang Duan; Zhandong Liu; Junfu Xiao; Zugui Liu; Anzhen Qin; Dongfeng Ning; Sen Li; Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim. 2021. "Estimating the Growth Indices and Nitrogen Status Based on Color Digital Image Analysis During Early Growth Period of Winter Wheat." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 619522.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Sound irrigation and nitrogen management strategies are necessary to achieve sustainable yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The coupled effects of irrigation scheduling and the nitrogen application mode (NAM) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were evaluated with a two-year field experiment, which consisted of three irrigation scheduling levels (ISLs) (irrigating when soil water consumption (SWC) reached 20, 35 and 50 mm, referred as I20, I35 and I50, respectively) and three nitrogen application modes (NAMs) (ratio of basal application and topdressing as 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, referred as N50:50, N25:75 and N0:100, respectively). The experimental results showed that irrigating winter wheat at ISL I35 substantially (p < 0.05) improved the grain yield by 15.89%, 3.32% and 14.82%, 4.31% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.23%, 16.03% and 5.26%, 12.36%, compared with those at ISL I20 and I50 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. NAM N25:75 appeared very beneficial in terms of grain yield, yield components and WUE as compared to other NAM levels. The maximum grain yield (8.62 and 9.40 t ha−1) and water use efficiency (1.88 and 2.09 kg m−3) were achieved in treatment I35N25:75 in two growing seasons over those in other treatments. The results in this study may deliver a scientific basis for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management of the drip-irrigated winter wheat production in the NCP.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zain; Zhuanyun Si; Sen Li; Yang Gao; Faisal Mehmood; Shafeeq-Ur Rahman; Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani; Aiwang Duan. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2742 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zain, Zhuanyun Si, Sen Li, Yang Gao, Faisal Mehmood, Shafeeq-Ur Rahman, Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani, Aiwang Duan. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2742.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zain; Zhuanyun Si; Sen Li; Yang Gao; Faisal Mehmood; Shafeeq-Ur Rahman; Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani; Aiwang Duan. 2021. "The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2742.