In this study, ternary composites of polyaniline (PANI) with manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanorods and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by employing a hydrothermal methodology and in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the MnO₂ possessed nanorod like structures in its pristine form, while in the ternary PANI@CNT/MnO₂ composite, coating of PANI over CNT/MnO₂, rods/tubes were evidently seen. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to MnO₂, PANI and CNT, which suggested efficacy of the synthesis methodology. The electrochemical performance in contrast to individual components revealed the enhanced performance of PANI@CNT/MnO₂ composite due to the synergistic/additional effect of PANI, CNT and MnO₂ compared to pure MnO₂, PANI and PANI@CNT. The PANI@CNT/MnO₂ ternary composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 143.26 C g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 3 mV s⁻¹. The cyclic stability of the supercapattery (PANI@CNT/MnO₂/activated carbon)—consisting of a battery type electrode—demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with continuous charge–discharge over ~1000 cycles and showed a cyclic stability of 119% compared to its initial value after 3500 cycles.

In this study, silver (Ag) and cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) decorated polyaniline (PANI) fibers were prepared by the combination of in-situ aniline oxidative polymerization and the hydrothermal methodology. The morphology of the prepared Ag/Co₃O₄@PANI ternary nanocomposite was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphological characterization revealed fibrous shaped PANI, coated with Ag and Co₃O₄ nanograins, while the structural studies revealed high purity, good crystallinity, and slight interactions among the constituents of the Ag/Co₃O₄@PANI ternary nanocomposite. The electrochemical performance studies revealed the enhanced performance of the Ag/Co₃O₄@PANI nanocomposite due to the synergistic/additional effect of Ag, Co₃O₄ and PANI compared to pure PANI and Co₃O₄@PANI. The addition of the Ag and Co₃O₄ provided an extended site for faradaic reactions leading to the high specific capacity. The Ag/Co₃O₄@PANI ternary nanocomposite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 262.62 C g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 3 mV s⁻¹. The maximum energy and power density were found to be 14.01 Wh kg⁻¹ and 165.00 W kg⁻¹, respectively. The cyclic stability of supercapattery (Ag/Co₃O₄@PANI//activated carbon) consisting of a battery type electrode demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with a continuous charge–discharge cycle until ~1000 cycles, then remained stable until 2500 cycles and later started decreasing, thereby showing the cyclic stability of 121.03% of its initial value after 3500 cycles.

The interaction of an Nd:YAG laser, operating at 532 nm with 40 ps pulse duration, with human teeth was studied. The results show that teeth were significantly modified at an energy fluence of about 11 J/cm². Various surface morphologies of enamel and dentine were recorded. Features on enamel include crater (conical form) in the central part and cauliflower morphology at the periphery, whereas on dentine the crater looks like a stretched dome between sharp edges. The behavior of the enamel-dentine junction area showed different morphology with respect to both tooth enamel and dentine alone. Finally, the junction channel showed a removal of collagen fibers and the formation of a needle-like bottom structure. Generally, this investigation showed that the picosecond Nd:YAG laser can ablate a tooth surface practically instantaneously, implying that large tooth surfaces can be processed in short time.

Rapid synthesis of cesium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, (HAp)) by rapid microwave synthesis technique is reported. The crystal, chemical, and dielectric properties, along with the phase composition and morphology were investigated. SEM study proved successful synthesis of HAp nanorods. The dielectric properties were affected by the doping amount of Cs-ions in HAp. The values of crystallinity degree at different concentrations of Cs-ions were decreased on increasing the Cs content. The antimicrobial activities of Cs-doped HAp showed high effects of growth inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenza, Candida albicans, and C. tropicalis. The concentration of 0.32 Cs-doped HAp has the high inhibition effect against S. aureus with the percentage of inhibition to 88.89%. The microbial inhibition growth reflected on the MICs and MBCs and MFCs. This newly designed Cs-doped HAp can be applicable in wide scales biomedical applications such as bone cement engineering and antimicrobial agents.

A study was conducted on CdO/ITO optical thin film system to analyze the quality of the as-prepared CdO nanostructure for linear and nonlinear optical properties. The CdO/ITO optical thin film system was produced through a very simple sol-gel spin coating technique at certain production parameters. The structural and morphological characters of the studied films were characterized by the well-known X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy techniques. A set of linear optical studies was conducted to analyze the absorption, transmittance, and reflectance and then, the absorption and refractive indices were also evaluated from the spectrophotometric data. The dielectric nature of the CdO/ITO optical system was characterized to evaluate the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dissipation factor. Furthermore, the band gap study was also conducted since this is one of the merits of the prepared materials for their applications in optoelectronics. Finally, a set of nonlinear optical studies was performed, which helped to analyze and characterize the nonlinear nature of the as-prepared CdO/ITO optical thin films. It is found that CdO/ITO is a promising material for optoelectronic applications.