The most important populations of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus(Latreille, 1804)) in the Atlantic are found in the Caribbean and along the Brazilian coast. Field studies covering the waters off the Cuban archipelago and Brazil have improved our understanding of the importance of oceanic circulation to larval recruitment. South of Cuba, puerulus settlement is intensive in October and November when the coastal reefs (83°W) are impacted by a cyclone-anticyclone pair, suggesting this area is the main source of retention and supply of surviving larvae, thus of self-recruitment. On the continental shelf of Brazil, puerulus settlement takes place throughout the year, but two annual peaks have been identified: one in March-April and one in July-September, when retroflection eddies of the North Brazil Current are more intense and feed into the eastward-flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent. Conceivably, Brazilian spiny lobster larvae are trapped in this oceanic system, leading to self-recruitment. On the continental shelf of Brazil the larval period lasts 6-7 months, depending on the season and spawning date. In the Caribbean the period is reported to be 6-8 months. Information on the relative abundance of early-stage spiny lobster larvae makes it possible to predict patterns of recruitment of pueruli and juveniles and the timing of their life cycle. However, further research on seasonal variations in local currents, current retroflection and ring formation is needed to clarify important aspects of larval transport, puerulus settlement and recruitment.

Agriculture is one of the economic activities with the most potential in Colombia, given its climatic and geographical conditions. Bean cultivation is classified as climbing, which grows in a branched way, and bushy, whose growth occurs up to 70 cm. The objective of this research was to study zinc and iron sulfates in different concentrations as fertilizers capable of increasing the nutritional value of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose strategy is known as biofortification, and thus determine the most effective sulfate. The methodology details the sulfate formulations, their preparation, the application of additives, sampling and quantification methods of total iron, total zinc, °Brix, carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method in leaves and pods. As for the results, it was found that biofortification with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate is a strategy that favors the country’s economy and human health, because it allows the increase of minerals, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids.

La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando las finanzas y los negocios con análisis avanzados, automatización de procesos y predicciones precisas. Aunque mejora la eficiencia y la toma de decisiones, requiere supervisión humana para mantener la ética. La implementación de IA es costosa, demanda capacitación, proporciona mejoras significativas en la gestión de riesgos y en la toma de decisiones financieras, mejora la operación, el servicio al cliente, optimiza carteras e identifica oportunidades de inversión. Sin embargo, surgen desafíos como preocupaciones éticas y de privacidad, la necesidad de interpretar adecuadamente los resultados, asegurar la ciberseguridad y cumplir las regulaciones. La IA automatiza tareas financieras, reduce costos y errores, personaliza servicios al analizar el comportamiento del cliente. No obstante, la dependencia de datos plantea problemas de privacidad y seguridad, los sesgos en los datos pueden afectar la equidad, y complejidad de los algoritmos puede dificultar la transparencia y comprensión de las decisiones automatizadas.