The selection of grass mixtures with appropriate visual and functional parameters for sowing football fields is a key element in shaping the sports infrastructure, ensuring the spectacularity of a match and comfort for players. The aim of the research was to investigate the properties of lawn grass mixtures and their suitability for football pitches. The experiment was conducted at the Toya Golf & Country Club (51° 20′ E, 17° 07′ N), Wrocław, Poland, between 2007 and 2009. 12 grass mixtures were selected, mainly based on red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. The assessment was carried out using a nine-point scale, according to the Plant Variety Office methodology for crops and turf grass. Six features of sports turf were studied: appearance, density, colour, leaf fineness, overwintering, and susceptibility to disease and they significantly varied, depending on the grass mixture and the year of research. Our study showed that mixtures based on the dominance of meadow grass were characterized by higher values of the general visual aspect, colour and slenderness of the leaf blade and these based on the dominance of perennial ryegrass and co-dominance of perennial ryegrass and meadow grass were the most useful in terms of wintering, resistance to diseases and sodding.

The paper presents results of the research on traction properties of two tractor tyres used on two agricultural grounds. The first ground was a stubble and the second one cropland. The investigated tyres had the same structure (diagonal, with a traditional tyre tread but different external dimensions. The research was carried out in field conditions with the use of a stand aggregated with a farm tractor. Analysis covered traction efficiency, slide, towing power and power lost on the rolling resistance and wheel slide. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that on a ground with lower compaction, the values of power losses were higher and traction efficiency was lower. Moreover, it was proved that the value of the power lost for rolling resistance had a decisive impact on the values of traction efficiency

This paper presents the assessment of selected tractor tires used in forest conditions. The first element of this assessment is related to tractive properties, while the second part concerns the potential negative impact of the tires on the ground. The research was conducted on the skid trail located in a lowland pine stand in Poland (Lower Silesian District). The 9.5-24, 400/55-22.5 and 11.2R24 tires were used for the experiment, and the following tractive parameters were analyzed: traction force, pulling force and rolling resistance. These parameters were determined during the experiment using special measure stand mounted on a 3-point linkage of the tractor. In addition to the traction properties, the impact of the wheel on the ground was determined – this evaluation included measurements of footprint areas and calculation of contact pressures. Based on the obtained results, it was shown that the increase of the vertical load and reduction of the inflation pressure of tires can cause an increase in net traction force of as much as 35% and 16%, respectively. The analysis of contact areas and pressures showed that the widest tire (400/55-22.5) had the least negative impact on the ground. The reducing of inflation pressure allowed to obtain higher traction force, higher contact area and smaller contact pressures.

This study presents the results of research related to agriculture tire deformation under variable vertical load and inflation pressure. The research objects were two tires of the same size and different internal structures. Three levels of inflation pressure and five levels of vertical load were used. The loaded tire with each inflation pressure was scanned using the 3D scanner—the effect of this operation was a three-dimensional image of a tire part (near the place of contact with the surface). The next step was the creation of vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the tire profile, which allowed the analysis of tested parameters: profile height, location of the point of maximum tire deflection, the width of the tire profile, and the area of horizontal cross-sections. Finally, the mathematical model was formulated, describing contact areas of horizontal cross-sections as a function of the factors. Based on the conducted research, it was stated that an increase in vertical load caused reductions in both types of heights. Moreover, the width of tire profiles and the area of horizontal cross-sections increased due to the increase in vertical load (for bias-ply, increases were smaller than for radial tires). Similar changes were observed after the reduction of inflation pressure.

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of micronutrients and a fungicide on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. The experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Blizocin (51°22′ N, 17°09′ E), Poland. The first experimental factor was InnoFert Mikro, a micronutrient fertilizer used at doses of 0.5 and 1 L∙ha⁻¹, while the second factor was the Soprano 125 S.C. fungicide used at the same doses. From each of the plots, 100 seeds were collected and placed on a Petri dish. Then, every day for 14 days, the plant germination was observed. The highest germination capacity of 95.3% was recorded for seeds from plots where combined full doses of the experimental factors were applied. This figure was 2% higher than for the control sample. The germination speed of the seeds from the above plot, determined by Maguire’s index, was the highest out of the other seed groups, although the seeds from the above plot had the longest average germination time. It was also noted that by increasing the dose of micronutrient fertilizer, the germination speed also increased. In the case of the fungicide, half a dose had a positive effect on germination, but increasing the dose to 1 L∙ha⁻¹ resulted in fewer germinated plants when compared to the control sample.