The selection of grass mixtures with appropriate visual and functional parameters for sowing football fields is a key element in shaping the sports infrastructure, ensuring the spectacularity of a match and comfort for players. The aim of the research was to investigate the properties of lawn grass mixtures and their suitability for football pitches. The experiment was conducted at the Toya Golf & Country Club (51° 20′ E, 17° 07′ N), Wrocław, Poland, between 2007 and 2009. 12 grass mixtures were selected, mainly based on red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. The assessment was carried out using a nine-point scale, according to the Plant Variety Office methodology for crops and turf grass. Six features of sports turf were studied: appearance, density, colour, leaf fineness, overwintering, and susceptibility to disease and they significantly varied, depending on the grass mixture and the year of research. Our study showed that mixtures based on the dominance of meadow grass were characterized by higher values of the general visual aspect, colour and slenderness of the leaf blade and these based on the dominance of perennial ryegrass and co-dominance of perennial ryegrass and meadow grass were the most useful in terms of wintering, resistance to diseases and sodding.

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of micronutrients and a fungicide on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. The experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Blizocin (51°22′ N, 17°09′ E), Poland. The first experimental factor was InnoFert Mikro, a micronutrient fertilizer used at doses of 0.5 and 1 L∙ha⁻¹, while the second factor was the Soprano 125 S.C. fungicide used at the same doses. From each of the plots, 100 seeds were collected and placed on a Petri dish. Then, every day for 14 days, the plant germination was observed. The highest germination capacity of 95.3% was recorded for seeds from plots where combined full doses of the experimental factors were applied. This figure was 2% higher than for the control sample. The germination speed of the seeds from the above plot, determined by Maguire’s index, was the highest out of the other seed groups, although the seeds from the above plot had the longest average germination time. It was also noted that by increasing the dose of micronutrient fertilizer, the germination speed also increased. In the case of the fungicide, half a dose had a positive effect on germination, but increasing the dose to 1 L∙ha⁻¹ resulted in fewer germinated plants when compared to the control sample.

In the integrated management of water resources, which includes protecting and restoring ecosystems that are directly and indirectly dependent on water, a crucial issue is assessing and identifying areas with the greatest need for improved water retention. This study presents an effective and easy-to-apply method based on the multicriteria decision-making approach, which analyses needs and feasibility. Until now, a point bonitation method has been used to evaluate the need to increase the retention capacity of specific areas. Modification of this method involved applying the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to estimate the weights of the analysed criteria. The results obtained using the new method were compared with previous studies assessing retention needs in the Masovian Voivodeship (Poland), which relied on the point bonitation method. The final evaluation showed a 74% compliance rate while significantly reducing expert involvement, demonstrating the high applicability of the developed method. Moreover, the DEMATEL method enabled the development of a cause-and-effect model of the criteria and an analysis of their importance. The lowest level of importance (13.6%) was attributed to climatic conditions, while the significance of the remaining criteria (hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, economic use of the catchment area, and catchment area cover) varied within a narrow range, from 20% to 23.5%.

The widespread introduction of distance learning in the conditions of quarantine restrictions caused by COVID-19 has significantly increased the need to modernize the resource-and-organizational as well as methodological support of the educational process. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the possibilities of using open-source H5P tools to support distance learning in higher education institutions, with particular emphasis on their integration with emerging technologies. The authors analyzed the state of research regarding the development and introduction of interactive didactic H5P tools in higher education institutions and identified insufficient use of this tool in Ukrainian institutions despite successful foreign practices. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of the functionality of various means to support distance learning, including Moodle and Google Workspace, the study demonstrates that H5P offers wider possibilities for creation, use and distribution of interactive educational elements. Recent evidence from post-2018 studies indicates that H5P tools, when combined with active pedagogies, significantly increase behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement among learners. The integration with advanced technologies such as AI, VR/XR, and Large Language Models enables adaptive feedback, personalization, and immersive learning experiences. A questionnaire conducted among 58 academic staff members from the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences revealed that while 63.6% of respondents considered H5P appropriate for their courses, 100% indicated the need for methodological assistance. The study identified critical success factors including diverse activity deployment, collaborative learning integration, and comprehensive accessibility frameworks. These findings underscore the transformative potential of H5P when strategically integrated with robust instructional design and emerging technologies, while highlighting the necessity for specialized training on pedagogical design of H5P content and ongoing institutional support.