The numerical, analytical, theoretical and experimental study of thermal transport is an active field of research due to its enormous applications and use in numerous systems. This report covers the impacts of thermal transport on pseudo-plastic material past over a horizontal, heated and stretched porous sheet. Modeling of energy conservation is based upon a generalized heat flux model along with a heat generation/absorption factor. The modeled phenomenon is derived in the Cartesian coordinate system under the usual boundary-layer approach proposed by Prandtl, which removes the complexity of the problem. The modeled rheology is obtained in the form of coupled, nonlinear PDEs. These derived PDEs are converted into ODEs with the engagement of similarity transformation. Afterwards, converted ODEs containing some emerging parameters have been approximated numerically with a powerful and effective scheme, namely the finite element approach. The obtained results are compared with the published findings as a limiting case of current research, and an excellent agreement in the obtained solution was found, which guarantees the effectiveness of the used methodology. Furthermore, it is recommended that the finite element approach is a good method among other existing methods and can be effectively applied to nonlinear problems arising in the mathematical modeling of different phenomenon.

Hydropower is a superior energy extraction approach, which has been made to work based on renewable energy sources. In the generation of hydropower, Gravitational Vortex Hydropower (GVHP) plays a predominant contributor role because of its free turbulence-relayed energy utilization concept and flexible as well as compact size. Owing to the huge contribution of GVHP in the hydropower sector, multi-objective-based investigations have emerged. However, there is still insufficient literature available for the technology to precede optimum turbine blade design. Two important categories are involved in these multidisciplinary investigations, in which the first phase, a numerical investigation has been done using ANSYS to identify the location of maximum tangential velocity in a conical basin with different notch angles, conical angles, basin shapes, anddiameters. In this second phase, the focal aim is to carry out the numerical investigation on Gravitation Vortex Turbine Blades (GVTB) for the different geometry in order to get the optimum power output with a high structural lifetime through HSI (Hydro–Structural Interaction) computation. The entire conceptual designs of this SGVHP and its hydro-rotors are modeled with the help of CATIA. ANSYS Fluent is a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) numerical tool, which is primarily used in this paper for all the hydrodynamic analyses. Finally, the standard analytical approaches are used for the comparative determinations of thrust production by hydro-rotors, power extraction by hydro-rotors, and propulsive efficiency for the selection process of best hydro-rotors. HSI analyses are additionally carried out and thereby the suitable lightweight material is picked.

The power output of a straight bladed H—rotor Darrieus vertical Axis wind turbine is explored in this article. The comparisons are performed between the NACA0018 aerofoil and a series of Kline Fogelman modified NACA0018 aerofoils. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) findings are first cross-checked with the experimental data, and the computational processes are validated as a consequence. Then, in CATIA, 12 aerofoils were constructed by modifying the step thickness, step placement, and trailing edge form to get an efficient model for the wind turbine. The approved computational processes are applied to all thirteen models, and the results are obtained. In comparison to the NACA 0018 aerofoil, the KFm3 aerofoil with 12% step thickness and a rectangular trailing edge demonstrated a 47 percent efficiency under 6.65 m/s wind velocity and a rotational velocity of 120 RPM. The KFm3 aerofoil also performed better when tested at 80 and 162 RPMs. Thus, the final HDVAWT has been presented for real-time applications, which is the primary goal of this work; also, the proposed HDVAWT outperforms all existing vertical axis wind turbines.

In recent years, the need to reduce environmental impacts and increase flexibility in the energy sector has led to increased penetration of renewable energy sources and the shift from concentrated to decentralized generation. A fuel cell is an instrument that produces electricity by chemical reaction. Fuel cells are a promising technology for ultimate energy conversion and energy generation. We see that this system is integrated, where we find that the wind and photovoltaic energy system is complementary between them, because not all days are sunny, windy, or night, so we see that this system has higher reliability to provide continuous generation. At low load hours, PV and electrolysis units produce extra power. After being compressed, hydrogen is stored in tanks. The purpose of this study is to separate the Bahr AL-Najaf Area from the main power grid and make it an independent network by itself. The PEM fuel cells were analyzed and designed, and it were found that one layer is equal to 570.96 Watt at 0.61 volts and 1.04 A/Cm². The number of layers in one stack is designed to be equal to 13 layers, so that the total power of one stack is equal to 7422.48 Watt. That is, the number of stacks required to generate the required energy from the fuel cells is equal to 203 stk. This study provided an analysis of the hybrid system to cover the electricity demand in the Bahr AL-Najaf region of 1.5 MW, the attained hybrid power system TNPC cost was about 9,573,208 USD, whereas the capital cost and energy cost (COE) were about 7,750,000 USD and 0.169 USD/kWh respectively, for one year.

Water is essential for food security, industrial output, ecological sustainability, and a country’s socioeconomic progress. Water scarcity and environmental concerns have increased globally in recent years as a result of the ever-increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization, and poor water resource management. Even though there are sufficient water resources, their uneven circulation leads to shortages and the requirement for portable fresh water. More than two billion people live in water-stressed areas. Hence, the present study covers all of the research based on water extraction from atmospheric air, including theoretical and practical (different experimental methods) research. A comparison between different results is made. The calculated efficiency of the systems used to extract water from atmospheric air by simulating the governing equations is discussed. The effects of different limitations, which affect and enhance the collectors’ efficiency, are studied. This research article will be very useful to society and will support further research on the extraction of water in arid zones.