Intravenous (IV) infusion therapy allows the infusion fluid to be inserted directly into the patient’s vein. It is used to place medications directly into the bloodstream or for blood transfusions. The probability that a hospitalized patient will receive some kind of infusion therapy, intravenously, is 60–80%. The paper presents a smart IV infusion dosing system for detection, signaling, and monitoring of liquid in an IV bottle at a remote location. It consists of (i) the sensing and computation layer—a system for detection and signaling of fluid levels in the IV bottle and a system for regulation and closing of infusion flow, (ii) the communication layer—a wireless exchange of information between the hardware part of the system and the client, and (iii) the user layer—monitoring and visualization of IV therapy reception at a remote location in real time. All layers are modular, allowing upgrades of the entire system. The proposed system alerts medical staff to continuous and timely changes of IV bottles, which can have positive effects on increasing the success of IV therapy, especially in oncology patients. The prescribed drip time of IV chemotherapy for the full effect of cytostatics should be imperative.

The low backlash planetary gearbox as a substitute for a harmonic drive in humanoid robotics, is presented in this paper. After analysis of the contemporary designs of the low backlash coaxial toothed gearboxes, a concept of planetary gearbox with taper gears has been chosen. A synthesis of a planetary mechanism which satisfies the prescribed kinematic-dynamic requirements as well as the design limitations has been performed. Based on the obtained results, parameters necessary for the gearbox design have been defined. The proposed solution has been analysed from various points of view. Analysis results show that the proposed solution has low backlash (<4 arcmin), high coefficient of efficiency (about 97%), four times higher load capacity and five times lower price in comparison with the currently available corresponding harmonic drives. Overall dimensions are nearly the same, while the mass of the planetary gearbox is 10% larger than mass of the corresponding harmonic drive.

This paper shows the structure of a mechanical system with 9 DOFs for driving robot eyes, as well as the system’s ability to produce facial expressions. It consists of three subsystems which enable the motion of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows independently to the rest of the face. Due to its structure, the mechanical system of the eyeballs is able to reproduce all of the motions human eyes are capable of, which is an important condition for the realization of binocular function of the artificial robot eyes, as well as stereovision. From a kinematic standpoint, the mechanical systems of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows are highly capable of generating the movements of the human eye. The structure of a control system is proposed with the goal of realizing the desired motion of the output links of the mechanical systems. The success of the mechanical system is also rated on how well it enables the robot to generate non-verbal emotional content, which is why an experiment was conducted. Due to this, the face of the human-like robot MARKO was used, covered with a face mask to aid in focusing the participants on the eye region. The participants evaluated the efficiency of the robot’s non-verbal communication, with certain emotions achieving a high rate of recognition.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative technology in dentistry, enabling the production of patient-specific dental applications with reduced costs and fabrication times. Despite the growth of applications, a consolidated understanding of current 3D printing technologies, materials, and performance in dental settings remains fragmented. Here, we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol, retrieving 19 closely related primary studies. The evidence is synthesized across three axes: application domain, AM technology, and critical quality parameters. Dental restorations, prosthetics, crowns, and implants are the most common applications, while fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, digital light processing, selective laser sintering, and laser-directed energy deposition are the most used technologies. AM materials include polymers, metals, and emerging biomaterials. Key quality determinants include dimensional accuracy, wear and corrosion resistance, and photosensitivity. Notably, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity remain underexplored yet critical factors for ensuring long-term clinical safety. The evidence also suggests a lack of in vivo studies, insufficient tribological and microbiological testing, including limited data degradation pathways of AM materials under oral conditions. Understanding that there are disconnects between the realization of the clinical and the economic benefits of 3D printing in dentistry, future research requires standardized testing frameworks and long-term biocompatibility validation.

The paper presents development of multi-segment lumbar structure based on the human spine. The research is performed within the project based on development of socially acceptable robot named "SARA". Two approaches for spine realization of humanoids exist: multi-joint viscoelastic structures (5-10 joints) that have variable flexibility and structures that consist of one joint - torso/waist joint, which has low elasticity and high stiffness. We propose multi-joint flexible structure with stiff, low backlash and self-locking mechanisms that require small actuators. Based on kinematic-dynamic requirements dynamical model of robot is formed. Dynamical simulation is performed for several postures of the robot and driving torques of lumbar structure are determined. During development of the lumbar structure 16 variant solutions are considered. Developed lumbar structure consists of three equal segments, it has 6 DOFs (2 DOFs per segment) and allows movements of lateral flexion ?30? and torsion ?45?, as well as the combination of these two movements. In development phase the movements of flexion/extension are excluded, for the bending of the body forward to an angle of 45? is achieved by rotation in the hip joints. Proposed solution of the lumbar structure is characterized by self-locking of mechanisms (if for any reason actuators stop working, lumbar structure retains current posture), low backlash (high positioning accuracy and repeatability of movements), compactness, high carrying capacity and small dimensions.