In higher education it is important to consider learning styles of students to facilitate the teaching–learning process. The aims guiding the research were to describe the learning styles predominating among students in the field of the social sciences, to analyse the results with respect to gender, year of study, degree course and institution, and to perform correlation analysis between these variables. The data analyses were carried out with non-parametric statistics with a confidence level of 95%. The sample was composed of 636 students at the Universities of Huelva (UHU), Cádiz (UCA), and Pablo de Olavide of Seville (UPO), who completed the Honey–Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire and reported sociodemographic and educational data. The results showed a significant preference for the Reflector style. Significant correlations were found in most variables highlighting that the courses showed an inverse correlation with the learning styles, the Activist, Theorist, and Pragmatist styles being less preferred as they progressed in the career. It is worth noting the significant direct correlation between Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist styles, but the Activist style inversely correlates with all three. As a complementary contribution, a proposal for intervention in classrooms with a sustainable perspective is offered. It is important to attend to the evolution in the preference of the learning styles that students acquire as they advance in higher education courses in order to facilitate a more optimal and sustainable teaching–learning process.

Introducción: en la percepción sensorial del gusto, los conceptos de umbral absoluto (UA), los métodos psicofísicos para estimarlo y la influencia que ejerce el conocimiento previo sobre su percepción y reconocimiento son de difícil aprendizaje por su escaso estado de conciencia.Objetivo: evaluar los umbrales de detección de los cuatros sabores básicos en una muestra de jóvenes sanos, en condiciones de restricción de alimentos/no-restricción, y analizar la influencia del conocimiento previo de la astringencia para su detección-identificación.Método: se puso en contacto directo con las sustancias químicas de los sabores y de astringencia a 114 participantes con media de 20,03 años (DT = 5.45), el 75,4% mujeres, mediante una degustación teórica-práctica. Se aplicó un diseño de tratamiento invertido con las condiciones experimentales sobre restricción de alimentos y conocimiento de astringencia.Resultados: todos identificaron sus UA para los cuatro sabores básicos. El grupo con restricción fue significativamente más sensible (Tb = -3,305; p = 0,001) al dulce (UA = 2 g/l) que el grupo sin restricción (UA = 5 g/l). La detección-identificación de la astringencia resultó significativamente mayor (t = -13,323; p = 0,000) con información previa del nombre (79,31%) que sin esta información (19,64%), confundiéndola, o describiéndola, como sabor amargo (80,36%).Conclusiones: el aprendizaje del sabor se favorece cuando se realiza la medición psicofísica de los sentidos químicos junto a la formación de determinados conceptos teóricos sobre la percepción gustativa y denominación de sabores, al facilitar su proceso cognitivo posterior detección- identificación. También debe atenderse al proceso de homeostasis interna previa de los participantes por la variabilidad en los resultados de sus UA según las condiciones de hambre/saciedad anteriores a su estimación psicofísica.

The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is an instrument for the neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive and emotional decision making (DM) processes that was created to test the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) described by Damasio in 1994. It was initially applied to patients with frontal lobe lesions due to its association with executive functions but was subsequently used on patients with a variety of disorders. Although the DM process is inherently perceptual, few studies have applied the IGT to examine DM processes in patients with eating disorders (EDs), and even fewer have associated the IGT to the perceptual distortion of body image (PDBI) in this population. People diagnosed with ED exhibit heightened control over their somatic responses—for example, they can delay digestion for hours—and DM may be affected in this condition. This study compares the performance of two samples of adolescent women—hospitalized patients with ED, and healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics—on the IGT using body image as a possible factor in the SMH. Seventy-four women with a mean age of 14.97 years (SD = 2.347) participated. To analyze their body self-image, we used the figure-rating scale and compared the results with their body mass index (BMI). Correlations between indices of the IGT and distortion in body image were then explored. The results revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of evolving performance on the partial IGT. Patients with ED performed worse than their healthy counterparts in the last 40 trials and exhibited greater distortions in their body image, especially in terms of overestimation. Indices of these distortions were negatively correlated with the total IGT. These results are compatible with the SMH because they suggest that patients with ED evinced blindness with regard to the future, as described by their authors. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the IGT and PDBI, showing that a more distorted body image was associated with lower IGT, that is, more disadvantageous or riskier decisions were made by the subjects with more distortion.

The aim is to understand the relationship between psychological inflexibility, emotional eating, and the rate of healthy eating. A total of 705 Spanish adults participated (65.2% women); the mean age was 27.21 years (SD = 10.67). The instruments used were Acceptance and Action Ques-tionnaire, Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire and the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish population. The women showed significantly higher scores in psychological inflexibility than men (p < .001). No differences have been described in the Emotional Eating scale (p = .085) differences have been reported on the Self-efficacy in Emotion -and Stress-Related Eating subscale, where men do better at managing eating (p < .001). Females indicate better diet quality (p < .001). Those who show less psychological inflexibility obtain emotional eating scores indicative of less coping with emotions through food (p < .001). Groups formed according to psychological inflexibility do not differ in diet quality (p = .898). The importance of psychological inflexibility is due to its role and strong association with a variety of problems related to eating behavior, but especially because it is a construct that can be intervened upon and modified.

Introduction: Studies conducted among university students show non-compliance with the recommendations for healthy physical activity, while the factors that hinder or facilitate its practice remain insufficiently understood. The aim of this study is to examine barriers, motivations, and the degree of compliance with physical activity among medical students, comparing University of Seville, Spain (US) and Paris-Saclay University, France (UP-S) samples. Methods: This cross-sectional empirical study included 223 undergraduate medical students (M = 22.30 years, SD = 2.259), from US and UP-S, 68.8% were women. In the selected classroom and in their respective languages, participants completed the instruments: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); habitual distances travelled; Self-Report of Barriers to Physical Exercise Practice (ABPEF); Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ). The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was used, with significance set at p < 0.05, and correlational analyses were conducted using Kendall's tau-b (Tb) statistic in SPSS version 25.0. Results: UP-S students reported higher barriers than US students across all ABPEF factors, with significant differences in Total score (U = 4.616,5; p = 0.001), Fatigue/Laziness ( p < 0.001), and Environment/Facilities ( p = 0.002). US students showed significantly higher motivation in the Social Recognition factor of the GCEQ ( p = 0.018). According to the IPAQ classification of three physical activity levels, US students were classified in the high physical activity level, whereas UP-S students were classified in the low and moderate levels ( p < 0.001). The University/Country variable was associated with the distance from home to leisure facilities ( p = 0.008), with the Total, Fatigue/Laziness, and Environment/Facilities ( p = 0.002) barrier scores, and also with the Social Recognition motivational scale ( p = 0.018). Discussion: The differences identified in our results highlight the need to consider the environmental context in studies on the physical activity of professionals directly involved in public health. US and UP-S medical students perceive Lack of time, primarily due to the high academic demands, as the main barrier to physical activity. Universities and European Higher Education Area policies should make greater efforts to provide physical and curricular environments that facilitate and motivate physical activity practice, within medical degree programs, a population that is key to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, in line with “Healthy Doctor – Healthy Patient”, and the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal.

Introduction: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are episodes resembling epileptic seizures but not caused by abnormal electrical brain activity. They are part of functional neurological disorders, which disproportionately affect women and are often triggered by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Early recognition is crucial to prevent unnecessary interventions. Case Presentation: We report a 35-year-old woman with a 3-year history of recurrent loss of consciousness, occurring approximately every 15 days, usually coinciding with ovulation and menstruation. Previous cardiology and gynecology evaluations, imaging, blood tests, and EEG were unremarkable. During the most severe episodes, she required intensive care unit admission, intubation, and sedation. A video-EEG with verbal suggestion reproduced a typical event, showing no epileptiform activity. The patient was diagnosed with PNES. Psychotherapy was initiated, and antiepileptic drugs were gradually withdrawn. This, along with patient education, family involvement, and outpatient follow-up, led to a marked reduction in episode frequency. Conclusion: This case highlights the complex interplay between hormonal fluctuations, reproductive concerns, psychosocial stressors, and gender-specific factors in triggering PNES. Early diagnosis, a multidisciplinary approach, and education of patients and healthcare providers are key to improving outcomes and avoiding unnecessary interventions. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing PNES episodes linked to both menstrual cycle-related stress and reproductive concerns, emphasizing the importance of a gender-sensitive approach.