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Global challenges including overpopulation, climate change, and income inequality have increased, and a demand for sustainability has emerged. Decision-making for sustainable development is multifaceted and interlinked, owing to the diverse interests of different stakeholders and political conflicts. Analysing a situation from all social, political, environmental, and economic perspectives is necessary to achieve balanced growth and facilitate sustainable development. South Korea was among the poorest countries following the Korean War; however, it has developed rapidly since 1955. This growth was not limited to economic development alone, and the chronology of South Korean development may serve as a reference for development in other countries. Here, we explore the compressed growth of South Korea using a narrative approach and time-series, comparative, and spatial analyses. Developmental indicators, along with the modern history of South Korea, are introduced to explain the reasons for compressed growth. The development of the mid-latitude region comprising 46 countries in this study, where nearly half of Earth’s population resides, was compared with that of South Korea; results show that the developmental chronology of South Korea can serve as a reference for national development in this region.
Sea Kim; Woo-Kyun Lee; Jun Ahn; Wona Lee; Soo Lee. Analysis of Developmental Chronology of South Korean Compressed Growth as a Reference from Sustainable Development Perspectives. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1905 .
AMA StyleSea Kim, Woo-Kyun Lee, Jun Ahn, Wona Lee, Soo Lee. Analysis of Developmental Chronology of South Korean Compressed Growth as a Reference from Sustainable Development Perspectives. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSea Kim; Woo-Kyun Lee; Jun Ahn; Wona Lee; Soo Lee. 2021. "Analysis of Developmental Chronology of South Korean Compressed Growth as a Reference from Sustainable Development Perspectives." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1905.
In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator.
Chul-Hee Lim; Yuyoung Choi; Moonil Kim; Soo Lee; Christian Folberth; Woo-Kyun Lee. Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula. Sustainability 2018, 10, 201 .
AMA StyleChul-Hee Lim, Yuyoung Choi, Moonil Kim, Soo Lee, Christian Folberth, Woo-Kyun Lee. Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChul-Hee Lim; Yuyoung Choi; Moonil Kim; Soo Lee; Christian Folberth; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2018. "Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 201.