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Forests are the dominant land cover in Nordic–Baltic countries, and forestry, the management of forests for improved ecosystem-service (ES) delivery, is an important contributor to sustainability. Forests and forestry support multiple United Nations Sustainability Goals (UN SDGs) and a number of EU policies, and can address conflicting environmental goals. Forests provide multiple ecosystem services and natural solutions, including wood and fibre production, food, clear and clean water and air, animal and plant habitats, soil formation, aesthetics, and cultural and social services. Carbon sequestered by growing trees is a key factor in the envisaged transition from a fossil-based to a biobased economy. Here, we highlight the possibilities of forest-based solutions to mitigate current and emerging societal challenges. We discuss forestry effects on forest ecosystems, focusing on the optimisation of ES delivery and the fulfilment of UN SDGs while counteracting unwanted effects. In particular, we highlight the trilemma of (i) increasing wood production to substitute raw fossil materials, (ii) increasing forest carbon storage capacity, and (iii) improving forest biodiversity and other ES delivery.
Lars Högbom; Dalia Abbas; Kęstutis Armolaitis; Endijs Baders; Martyn Futter; Aris Jansons; Kalev Jõgiste; Andis Lazdins; Diana Lukminė; Mika Mustonen; Knut Øistad; Anneli Poska; Pasi Rautio; Johan Svensson; Floor Vodde; Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė; Jan Weslien; Lars Wilhelmsson; Daiga Zute. Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic Forestry—How to Implement UN Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5643 .
AMA StyleLars Högbom, Dalia Abbas, Kęstutis Armolaitis, Endijs Baders, Martyn Futter, Aris Jansons, Kalev Jõgiste, Andis Lazdins, Diana Lukminė, Mika Mustonen, Knut Øistad, Anneli Poska, Pasi Rautio, Johan Svensson, Floor Vodde, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Jan Weslien, Lars Wilhelmsson, Daiga Zute. Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic Forestry—How to Implement UN Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars Högbom; Dalia Abbas; Kęstutis Armolaitis; Endijs Baders; Martyn Futter; Aris Jansons; Kalev Jõgiste; Andis Lazdins; Diana Lukminė; Mika Mustonen; Knut Øistad; Anneli Poska; Pasi Rautio; Johan Svensson; Floor Vodde; Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė; Jan Weslien; Lars Wilhelmsson; Daiga Zute. 2021. "Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic Forestry—How to Implement UN Sustainable Development Goals." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5643.
Environmental policies of the European Union aim to increase recycling and re-use of waste-streams. One of the economically most profitable ways of re-using waste is to use it as a fertilizer. In this study, recycled nitrogen fertilizers were manufactured from industrial side-streams (sawdust, fly-ash, ammonium sulfate and lignosulfonate). A sequential extraction procedure was applied to all the products tested in this paper to make sure that the environmental requirements of a recycled fertilizer would be fulfilled. A mass fraction of up to 7.0% of nitrogen was achieved with sawdust granule and 7.2% with fly-ash-sawdust granule, indicating that the granules would be well suited to be used as nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Nitrogen release from sawdust granule was more controlled than from commercial salpetre. Sawdust combined with fly-ash can hence give a balanced nutrient mix when used together. Bioavailabilities and pseudo-total contents of harmful elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were small in all granules and cause no harm in field or forest fertilizer use.
Janne Pesonen; Pasi Rautio. New Nitrogen-Containing Recycled Fertilizers: Bioavailability of Nutrients and Harmful Elements. Recycling 2019, 4, 17 .
AMA StyleJanne Pesonen, Pasi Rautio. New Nitrogen-Containing Recycled Fertilizers: Bioavailability of Nutrients and Harmful Elements. Recycling. 2019; 4 (2):17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanne Pesonen; Pasi Rautio. 2019. "New Nitrogen-Containing Recycled Fertilizers: Bioavailability of Nutrients and Harmful Elements." Recycling 4, no. 2: 17.
Anna Hyyryläinen; Minna Turunen; Pasi Rautio; Satu Huttunen. Sphagnum mosses in a changing UV-B environment: A review. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2018, 33, 1 -8.
AMA StyleAnna Hyyryläinen, Minna Turunen, Pasi Rautio, Satu Huttunen. Sphagnum mosses in a changing UV-B environment: A review. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 2018; 33 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Hyyryläinen; Minna Turunen; Pasi Rautio; Satu Huttunen. 2018. "Sphagnum mosses in a changing UV-B environment: A review." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 33, no. : 1-8.
Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes—and their responses to environmental change—is critical. However, identifying consistent drivers of belowground diversity and abundance for some soil organisms at large spatial scales remains problematic. Here we investigate a major guild, the ectomycorrhizal fungi, across European forests at a spatial scale and resolution that is—to our knowledge—unprecedented, to explore key biotic and abiotic predictors of ectomycorrhizal diversity and to identify dominant responses and thresholds for change across complex environmental gradients. We show the effect of 38 host, environment, climate and geographical variables on ectomycorrhizal diversity, and define thresholds of community change for key variables. We quantify host specificity and reveal plasticity in functional traits involved in soil foraging across gradients. We conclude that environmental and host factors explain most of the variation in ectomycorrhizal diversity, that the environmental thresholds used as major ecosystem assessment tools need adjustment and that the importance of belowground specificity and plasticity has previously been underappreciated.
Sietse van der Linde; Laura M. Suz; C. David L. Orme; Filipa Cox; Henning Andreae; Endla Asi; Bonnie Atkinson; Sue Benham; Christopher Carroll; Nathalie Cools; Bruno De Vos; Hans-Peter Dietrich; Johannes Eichhorn; Joachim Gehrmann; Tine Grebenc; Hyun S. Gweon; Karin Hansen; Frank Jacob; Ferdinand Kristöfel; Paweł Lech; Miklós Manninger; Jan Martin; Henning Meesenburg; Päivi Merilä; Manuel Nicolas; Pavel Pavlenda; Pasi Rautio; Marcus Schaub; Hans-Werner Schröck; Walter Seidling; Vít Šrámek; Anne Thimonier; Iben Margrete Thomsen; Hugues Titeux; Elena Vanguelova; Arne Verstraeten; Lars Vesterdal; Peter Waldner; Sture Wijk; Yuxin Zhang; Daniel Žlindra; Martin I. Bidartondo. Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Nature 2018, 558, 243 -248.
AMA StyleSietse van der Linde, Laura M. Suz, C. David L. Orme, Filipa Cox, Henning Andreae, Endla Asi, Bonnie Atkinson, Sue Benham, Christopher Carroll, Nathalie Cools, Bruno De Vos, Hans-Peter Dietrich, Johannes Eichhorn, Joachim Gehrmann, Tine Grebenc, Hyun S. Gweon, Karin Hansen, Frank Jacob, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Paweł Lech, Miklós Manninger, Jan Martin, Henning Meesenburg, Päivi Merilä, Manuel Nicolas, Pavel Pavlenda, Pasi Rautio, Marcus Schaub, Hans-Werner Schröck, Walter Seidling, Vít Šrámek, Anne Thimonier, Iben Margrete Thomsen, Hugues Titeux, Elena Vanguelova, Arne Verstraeten, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Sture Wijk, Yuxin Zhang, Daniel Žlindra, Martin I. Bidartondo. Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Nature. 2018; 558 (7709):243-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSietse van der Linde; Laura M. Suz; C. David L. Orme; Filipa Cox; Henning Andreae; Endla Asi; Bonnie Atkinson; Sue Benham; Christopher Carroll; Nathalie Cools; Bruno De Vos; Hans-Peter Dietrich; Johannes Eichhorn; Joachim Gehrmann; Tine Grebenc; Hyun S. Gweon; Karin Hansen; Frank Jacob; Ferdinand Kristöfel; Paweł Lech; Miklós Manninger; Jan Martin; Henning Meesenburg; Päivi Merilä; Manuel Nicolas; Pavel Pavlenda; Pasi Rautio; Marcus Schaub; Hans-Werner Schröck; Walter Seidling; Vít Šrámek; Anne Thimonier; Iben Margrete Thomsen; Hugues Titeux; Elena Vanguelova; Arne Verstraeten; Lars Vesterdal; Peter Waldner; Sture Wijk; Yuxin Zhang; Daniel Žlindra; Martin I. Bidartondo. 2018. "Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi." Nature 558, no. 7709: 243-248.
Janne Pesonen; Toivo Kuokkanen; Pasi Rautio; Ulla Lassi. Bioavailability of nutrients and harmful elements in ash fertilizers: Effect of granulation. Biomass and Bioenergy 2017, 100, 92 -97.
AMA StyleJanne Pesonen, Toivo Kuokkanen, Pasi Rautio, Ulla Lassi. Bioavailability of nutrients and harmful elements in ash fertilizers: Effect of granulation. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017; 100 ():92-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanne Pesonen; Toivo Kuokkanen; Pasi Rautio; Ulla Lassi. 2017. "Bioavailability of nutrients and harmful elements in ash fertilizers: Effect of granulation." Biomass and Bioenergy 100, no. : 92-97.
Tiina Tonteri; Maija Salemaa; Pasi Rautio; Ville Hallikainen; Leila Korpela; Päivi Merilä. Forest management regulates temporal change in the cover of boreal plant species. Forest Ecology and Management 2016, 381, 115 -124.
AMA StyleTiina Tonteri, Maija Salemaa, Pasi Rautio, Ville Hallikainen, Leila Korpela, Päivi Merilä. Forest management regulates temporal change in the cover of boreal plant species. Forest Ecology and Management. 2016; 381 ():115-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiina Tonteri; Maija Salemaa; Pasi Rautio; Ville Hallikainen; Leila Korpela; Päivi Merilä. 2016. "Forest management regulates temporal change in the cover of boreal plant species." Forest Ecology and Management 381, no. : 115-124.
Esa Huhta; Anna Franke; Pasi Aatsinki; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Vesa Juntunen; Kari Mikkola; Seppo Neuvonen; Pasi Rautio. Metsänrajan muutokset Lapissa 1983–2009. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2016, 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleEsa Huhta, Anna Franke, Pasi Aatsinki, Ville Hallikainen, Mikko Hyppönen, Vesa Juntunen, Kari Mikkola, Seppo Neuvonen, Pasi Rautio. Metsänrajan muutokset Lapissa 1983–2009. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja. 2016; 2016 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsa Huhta; Anna Franke; Pasi Aatsinki; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Vesa Juntunen; Kari Mikkola; Seppo Neuvonen; Pasi Rautio. 2016. "Metsänrajan muutokset Lapissa 1983–2009." Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2016, no. 1: 1.
Foliar phosphorus concentrations have decreased in Europe during the last 20 years. High atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change might be responsible for this trend. Continued decrease in foliar P concentrations might lead to reduced growth and vitality of beech forests in Europe. Increased forest soil acidification, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and climate change have been shown to affect phosphorus nutrition of forest trees. Low foliar phosphorus levels and high nitrogen/phosphorus ratios have been observed in different European countries and have been related to reduced growth in forests. We test the hypothesis that phosphorus concentrations of European beech (F. sylvatica L.) foliage are decreasing at the European scale. Foliar phosphorus concentrations in beech were monitored on the basis of the “International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests.” Here, data from 12 European countries, comprising 79 plots and a 20-year sampling period (1991–2010), were evaluated. Foliar phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.81 to 1.66 mg g−1 dw (plot median of the 20-year sampling period). On 22 % of the plots, phosphorus concentrations were in the deficiency range of beech (Mellert and Göttlein 2012). On 62 % of the plots, the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio was above 18.9, which is considered to be disharmonious for beech. In addition, foliar phosphorus concentrations were significantly decreasing by, on average, 13 % from 1.31 to 1.14 mg g−1 in Europe (p Our results show that phosphorus nutrition of beech is impaired in Europe. Possible drivers of this development might be high atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change. Continued decrease in foliar phosphorus concentrations, eventually attaining phosphorus deficiency levels, might lead to reduced growth and vitality of beech forests in Europe.
Ulrike Talkner; Karl Josef Meiwes; Nenad Potočić; Ivan Seletković; Nathalie Cools; Bruno De Vos; Pasi Rautio. Phosphorus nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is decreasing in Europe. Annals of Forest Science 2015, 72, 919 -928.
AMA StyleUlrike Talkner, Karl Josef Meiwes, Nenad Potočić, Ivan Seletković, Nathalie Cools, Bruno De Vos, Pasi Rautio. Phosphorus nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is decreasing in Europe. Annals of Forest Science. 2015; 72 (7):919-928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrike Talkner; Karl Josef Meiwes; Nenad Potočić; Ivan Seletković; Nathalie Cools; Bruno De Vos; Pasi Rautio. 2015. "Phosphorus nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is decreasing in Europe." Annals of Forest Science 72, no. 7: 919-928.
Pasi Rautio; Marco Ferretti. Monitoring European forests: results for science, policy, and society. Annals of Forest Science 2015, 72, 875 -876.
AMA StylePasi Rautio, Marco Ferretti. Monitoring European forests: results for science, policy, and society. Annals of Forest Science. 2015; 72 (7):875-876.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasi Rautio; Marco Ferretti. 2015. "Monitoring European forests: results for science, policy, and society." Annals of Forest Science 72, no. 7: 875-876.
We measured chlorophyll (chl) concentration and chl a/b ratio in Sphagnum balticum, S. jensenii, and S. lindbergii, sampled after 7 and 8 years of ultraviolet-B (UVB) and temperature manipulation in an open field experiment in Finnish Lapland (68°N). We used plastic filters with different transmittance of UVB radiation to manipulate the environmental conditions. The plants were exposed to (1) attenuated UVB and increased temperature, (2) ambient UVB and increased temperature and (3) ambient conditions. Chlorophyll was extracted from the capitula of the mosses and the content and a/b ratio were measured spectrophotometrically. Seasonal variation of chlorophyll concentration in the mosses was species specific. Temperature increase to 0.5–1 °C and/or attenuation of solar UVB radiation to ca. one fifth of the ambient (on average 12 vs. 59 uW/cm2) had little effect on the chlorophyll concentration or its seasonal variation. In the dominant S. lindbergii, UVB attenuation under increased temperature led to a transient decrease in chlorophyll concentration. Altogether, species-specific patterns of seasonal chlorophyll variation in the studied Sphagna were more pronounced than temperature and UVB treatment effects.
Anna Hyyryläinen; Pasi Rautio; Minna Turunen; Satu Huttunen. Seasonal and inter-annual variation in the chlorophyll content of three co-existing Sphagnum species exceeds the effect of solar UV reduction in a subarctic peatland. SpringerPlus 2015, 4, 478 .
AMA StyleAnna Hyyryläinen, Pasi Rautio, Minna Turunen, Satu Huttunen. Seasonal and inter-annual variation in the chlorophyll content of three co-existing Sphagnum species exceeds the effect of solar UV reduction in a subarctic peatland. SpringerPlus. 2015; 4 (1):478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Hyyryläinen; Pasi Rautio; Minna Turunen; Satu Huttunen. 2015. "Seasonal and inter-annual variation in the chlorophyll content of three co-existing Sphagnum species exceeds the effect of solar UV reduction in a subarctic peatland." SpringerPlus 4, no. 1: 478.
Anna Franke; Pasi Aatsinki; Ville Hallikainen; Esa Huhta; Mikko Hyppönen; Vesa Juntunen; Kari Mikkola; Seppo Neuvonen; Pasi Rautio. Quantifying changes of the coniferous forest line in Finnish Lapland during 1983–2009. Silva Fennica 2015, 49, 1 .
AMA StyleAnna Franke, Pasi Aatsinki, Ville Hallikainen, Esa Huhta, Mikko Hyppönen, Vesa Juntunen, Kari Mikkola, Seppo Neuvonen, Pasi Rautio. Quantifying changes of the coniferous forest line in Finnish Lapland during 1983–2009. Silva Fennica. 2015; 49 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Franke; Pasi Aatsinki; Ville Hallikainen; Esa Huhta; Mikko Hyppönen; Vesa Juntunen; Kari Mikkola; Seppo Neuvonen; Pasi Rautio. 2015. "Quantifying changes of the coniferous forest line in Finnish Lapland during 1983–2009." Silva Fennica 49, no. 4: 1.
Anu Akujärvi; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Eero Mattila; Kari Mikkola; Pasi Rautio. Effects of reindeer grazing and forestry on ground lichens in Finnish Lapland. Silva Fennica 2014, 48, 1 .
AMA StyleAnu Akujärvi, Ville Hallikainen, Mikko Hyppönen, Eero Mattila, Kari Mikkola, Pasi Rautio. Effects of reindeer grazing and forestry on ground lichens in Finnish Lapland. Silva Fennica. 2014; 48 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnu Akujärvi; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Eero Mattila; Kari Mikkola; Pasi Rautio. 2014. "Effects of reindeer grazing and forestry on ground lichens in Finnish Lapland." Silva Fennica 48, no. 3: 1.
Mikko Hyppönen; Ville Hallikainen; Pasi Rautio; Juhani Niemelä. Pintakasvillisuuden vaikutus männyn luontaiseen uudistamiseen Koillis-Lapissa. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2014, 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleMikko Hyppönen, Ville Hallikainen, Pasi Rautio, Juhani Niemelä. Pintakasvillisuuden vaikutus männyn luontaiseen uudistamiseen Koillis-Lapissa. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja. 2014; 2014 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikko Hyppönen; Ville Hallikainen; Pasi Rautio; Juhani Niemelä. 2014. "Pintakasvillisuuden vaikutus männyn luontaiseen uudistamiseen Koillis-Lapissa." Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2014, no. 3: 1.
Anu Akujärvi; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Eero Mattila; Kari Mikkola; Pasi Rautio. Poron laidunnuksen ja metsätalouden vaikutukset maajäkäliin. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2014, 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleAnu Akujärvi, Ville Hallikainen, Mikko Hyppönen, Eero Mattila, Kari Mikkola, Pasi Rautio. Poron laidunnuksen ja metsätalouden vaikutukset maajäkäliin. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja. 2014; 2014 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnu Akujärvi; Ville Hallikainen; Mikko Hyppönen; Eero Mattila; Kari Mikkola; Pasi Rautio. 2014. "Poron laidunnuksen ja metsätalouden vaikutukset maajäkäliin." Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2014, no. 3: 1.
Nitrogen (N) is typically the growth-limiting factor in boreal forest ecosystems. Therefore, knowledge on forest N stocks and fluxes is crucial in order to predict and evaluate the effects of different anthropogenic factors (e.g. climate change, air pollutant deposition, forest management practices) on the condition, development and sustainability of boreal forests. In this study, we evaluated the amount and distribution of N and biomass in different compartments of forest ecosystem, including not only tree stand and soil, but also such rarely reported N stocks as litter layer, ground vegetation and fine and small roots. We also calculated the theoretical export of N in three forest harvest regimes of different intensity (stem-only harvest, whole-tree harvest, whole-tree harvest and stump uplifting) and assessed the time required for N deposition to compensate the N losses occurring in them. The study included seven Scots pine and eight Norway spruce dominated stands belonging to the UN-ECE ICP Forests Level II programme in Finland. The average effective temperature sum and stand age of the sites ranged 658–1351 d.d. and 55–200 yrs, respectively. Among the study sites, the total biomass (needles, living and dead branches, stems, bark, stumps, coarse roots, fine and small roots, understory, litter, humus and mineral soil layers) ranged from 178 Mg ha−1 to 541 Mg ha−1, the respective range for N stock being 1890–7530 kg ha−1. The two largest pools of N in forest ecosystem were mineral soil (depth 0–40 cm; mean = 70%) and humus layer (mean = 16%). The largest living biomass N stock was in stems in pine stands (88 kg ha−1) and in needles in spruce stands (134 kg ha−1). Nstored in tree biomass accounted for 7–19% of the total ecosystem N stock. The proportion of N stored in potential logging residues or biofuel (needles, living and dead branches, stumps and coarse roots) was 67 ± 4% and 53 ± 5% of the tree N stock in northern spruce stands and in southern pine stands, respectively. The understory vegetation N stock was the largest in northern spruce stands, and the lowest in southern spruce stands. Our results supported the hypothesis that in boreal coniferous forests, inputs of N by deposition accumulating during the following rotation period will be able to replenish the export of N caused by conventional stem-only-harvest in final cutting, but the sustainability of the site productivity will be challenged when more intense whole tree harvest regimes are practiced, especially in Norway spruce stands.
Päivi Merilä; Kaisa Mustajärvi; Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari; Sari Hilli; Antti-Jussi Lindroos; Tiina M. Nieminen; Pekka Nöjd; Pasi Rautio; Maija Salemaa; Liisa Ukonmaanaho. Above- and below-ground N stocks in coniferous boreal forests in Finland: Implications for sustainability of more intensive biomass utilization. Forest Ecology and Management 2013, 311, 17 -28.
AMA StylePäivi Merilä, Kaisa Mustajärvi, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Sari Hilli, Antti-Jussi Lindroos, Tiina M. Nieminen, Pekka Nöjd, Pasi Rautio, Maija Salemaa, Liisa Ukonmaanaho. Above- and below-ground N stocks in coniferous boreal forests in Finland: Implications for sustainability of more intensive biomass utilization. Forest Ecology and Management. 2013; 311 ():17-28.
Chicago/Turabian StylePäivi Merilä; Kaisa Mustajärvi; Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari; Sari Hilli; Antti-Jussi Lindroos; Tiina M. Nieminen; Pekka Nöjd; Pasi Rautio; Maija Salemaa; Liisa Ukonmaanaho. 2013. "Above- and below-ground N stocks in coniferous boreal forests in Finland: Implications for sustainability of more intensive biomass utilization." Forest Ecology and Management 311, no. : 17-28.
Sirkku Manninen; Jaana Bäck; Pasi Rautio. Boreal vegetation under air pollution stress – Atmosphere–vegetation interactions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2013, 90, 1 -3.
AMA StyleSirkku Manninen, Jaana Bäck, Pasi Rautio. Boreal vegetation under air pollution stress – Atmosphere–vegetation interactions. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013; 90 ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSirkku Manninen; Jaana Bäck; Pasi Rautio. 2013. "Boreal vegetation under air pollution stress – Atmosphere–vegetation interactions." Environmental and Experimental Botany 90, no. : 1-3.
Mikko Hyppönen; Ville Hallikainen; Juhani Niemelä; Pasi Rautio. The contradictory role of understory vegetation on the success of Scots pine regeneration. Silva Fennica 2013, 47, 1 .
AMA StyleMikko Hyppönen, Ville Hallikainen, Juhani Niemelä, Pasi Rautio. The contradictory role of understory vegetation on the success of Scots pine regeneration. Silva Fennica. 2013; 47 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikko Hyppönen; Ville Hallikainen; Juhani Niemelä; Pasi Rautio. 2013. "The contradictory role of understory vegetation on the success of Scots pine regeneration." Silva Fennica 47, no. 1: 1.
We studied effects of simulated browsing and host plant gender on mycorrhizal status of dioecious Salix repens, forming both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses. Owing to their lower biomass production, AM fungi may require less carbon from the host and have a competitive advantage over ECM fungi when carbon availability is reduced. Further, in dioecious plants, females have generally higher reproduction costs than males. Hence, herbivory may be especially detrimental to female plants and their ECM symbionts in favour of AM symbionts. Fifty percent shoot clipping increased the number of vegetative shoots but reduced the proportion of flowering shoots equally in male and female hosts. Despite clipping, ECM and AM colonization remained unchanged. However, slightly reduced soil fungal biomass was found in clipped patches of male S. repens. Our novel finding of AM spores occurring in the ECM fungal mantle of S. repens roots suggests that both mycorrhizal partners may coexist in the same root segment. Since no interaction between gender and clipping in fungal parameters was detected, we conclude that female and male S. repens are equally preferable hosts for fungal symbionts, even when carbohydrate availability has been decreased because of herbivory.
Karita Saravesi; Annamari Markkola; Pasi Rautio; Juha Tuomi. Simulated mammal browsing and host gender effects on dual mycorrhizal Salix repens. Botany 2011, 89, 35 -42.
AMA StyleKarita Saravesi, Annamari Markkola, Pasi Rautio, Juha Tuomi. Simulated mammal browsing and host gender effects on dual mycorrhizal Salix repens. Botany. 2011; 89 (1):35-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarita Saravesi; Annamari Markkola; Pasi Rautio; Juha Tuomi. 2011. "Simulated mammal browsing and host gender effects on dual mycorrhizal Salix repens." Botany 89, no. 1: 35-42.
Oriol Grau; Pasi Rautio; Juliana Heikkinen; Karita Saravesi; Mikahil Kozlov; Annamari Markkola. An ericoid shrub plays a dual role in recruiting both pines and their fungal symbionts along primary succession gradients. Oikos 2010, 119, 1727 -1734.
AMA StyleOriol Grau, Pasi Rautio, Juliana Heikkinen, Karita Saravesi, Mikahil Kozlov, Annamari Markkola. An ericoid shrub plays a dual role in recruiting both pines and their fungal symbionts along primary succession gradients. Oikos. 2010; 119 (11):1727-1734.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Grau; Pasi Rautio; Juliana Heikkinen; Karita Saravesi; Mikahil Kozlov; Annamari Markkola. 2010. "An ericoid shrub plays a dual role in recruiting both pines and their fungal symbionts along primary succession gradients." Oikos 119, no. 11: 1727-1734.
Some monocarpic plants show surprising variation in response to natural and simulated grazing. In favourable conditions, injured plants may grow larger and produce more fruits and viable seeds compared with their uninjured counterparts. Such overcompensation, however, is associated with potential costs, particularly delays in flowering and fruit maturation. These delays may further increase a risk of frost injury before seed maturation in the early autumn. We tested the effects of artificially advanced night frosts on the compensatory capacity (i.e., the capacity to compensate the lost biomass by regrowth) of the monocarpic herb Erysimum strictum P. Gaertn., B. Mey., and Scherb. in a common garden experiment. Two simulated herbivory treatments were applied: 25% apical clipping in early vs. late June. Frost treatment was applied in a climate chamber in late August – early September, about 3 weeks before the first natural frost period. Apically damaged plants not exposed to frost treatment produced 1.9–2.6 times more total biomass and 2.5 times more fruit than intact plants. Frost treatment reduced plant performance by 35%–48%, but in contrast to our expectation, there was no significant difference between intact and apically damaged plants in response to early frost. In spite of the delay in phenology, compensatory regrowth did not increase the risk of frost injury. We conclude that while early night frosts imply a potential risk to monocarpic herbs recovering from herbivory, possibly other suboptimal conditions, such as drought in late summer, may provide a greater threat for early-flowering meadow and grassland plants recovering from grazing. Possibly multiple selective forces and environmental risk factors operate together in the evolution of grazing tolerance associated with flowering phenology, plant growth strategy, and architecture.
Sari Piippo; Kalle Hellström; Ari-Pekka Huhta; Pasi Rautio; Juha Tuomi. Delayed flowering as a potential benefit-decreasing cost of compensatory regrowth. Botany 2009, 87, 837 -844.
AMA StyleSari Piippo, Kalle Hellström, Ari-Pekka Huhta, Pasi Rautio, Juha Tuomi. Delayed flowering as a potential benefit-decreasing cost of compensatory regrowth. Botany. 2009; 87 (9):837-844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSari Piippo; Kalle Hellström; Ari-Pekka Huhta; Pasi Rautio; Juha Tuomi. 2009. "Delayed flowering as a potential benefit-decreasing cost of compensatory regrowth." Botany 87, no. 9: 837-844.