The surrounding rock during a coal mine excavation is prone to significant engineering disasters such as considerable deformation and rock bursts. Pressure release can improve the stress field of a deep rock mass and prevent the occurrence of dangers such as roadway collapse and coal and gas outbursts. This paper uses the ANSYS 19.0/LS-DYNA finite element software to simulate the crush area and fracture zone of a detonation charge with different diameters under in situ stress. The stability of the surrounding rock was analyzed based on the impact stress and velocity, and was verified by field tests. The research results show that the blasting load primarily affects the damaged area near the borehole, while the in situ stress affects far-field crack propagation. The crack propagates in the direction of high surrounding rock pressure. When the uncoupling index is 1.5, the impact pressure of a 60 mm diameter cartridge is eight times that of a 20 mm diameter cartridge. The impact speed can reach two times that of the 20 mm diameter cartridge. The high-energy event at the roof is transferred to the front of the working face, the distribution is no longer concentrated, and a better pressure-relief blasting effect is achieved. The research results can help guide the prevention and control measures of rock bursts and other mining disasters.

Aiming at the problem of displacement of collapse direction caused by the impact of the high-rise reinforced concrete chimney in the process of blasting demolition, combined with the monitoring methods such as high-speed photography observation, piezoelectric ceramic sensor, and blasting vibration monitor, the impact process of the 180 m high chimney was comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the chimney will experience multiple ‘weight loss’ and ‘overweight’ effects during the sit-down process, inducing compressive stress waves in the chimney. When the sit-down displacement is large, the broken reinforced concrete at the bottom can play a significant buffering effect, and the ‘overweight’ effect gradually weakens until the sit-down stops. The stress of the inner and outer sides of the chimney wall is obviously different in the process of collapsing and touching the ground. The waveform of the monitoring point of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is divided into three stages, which specifically characterizes the evolution process of the explosion load and the impact of the chimney. The vibration induced by explosive explosion is mainly high-frequency vibration above 50 Hz, the vibration induced by chimney collapse is mainly low-frequency vibration below 10 Hz, and the vibration characteristics are obviously different. In the process of blasting demolition and collapse of high-rise reinforced concrete chimney, due to the impact of sitting down, the wall of the support tube is subjected to uneven force, resulting in the deviation of the collapse direction. In practical engineering, the control measures of chimney impact, blasting vibration, and collapse touchdown vibration should be fully strengthened to ensure the safety of the protection target around the blasting demolition object.

In order to analyze the axial compressive properties of ultra-high-toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC)-confined recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a batch of UHTCC-confined RAC components was designed and manufactured according to the requirements of GB/T50081-2002 specifications. After analyzing the surface failure phenomenon, load-displacement curves, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parameter analysis of the specimen, the result shows that UHTCC-confined RAC is an effective confinement method, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties and control the degree of surface failure of RAC structures. Compared with the unconfined specimen, the maximum peak load of the UHTCC confinement layer with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm increased by 44.61% and 79.27%, respectively, meeting the requirements of engineering practice. Different fiber mixing amounts have different effects on improving the mechanical performance of RAC structural. The specific rule was steel fiber (SF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PEF) > no fiber mixture, and the SF improves the axial compression properties of UHTCC most significantly. When there are strict requirements for improving the mechanical properties of the structure, SF should be added to UHTCC. On the contrary, PVAF should be added to UHTCC.

The surrounding rock during the coal mine excavation is prone to significant engineering disasters such as considerable deformation and rockbursts. Pressure release can improve the stress field of a deep rock mass and prevent the occurrence of dangers such as roadway collapse and coal and gas outbursts. This paper uses the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software to simulate the crush area and fracture zone of a detonation charge with different diameters under in-situ stress. The stability of the surrounding rock was analyzed based on the impact stress and velocity, and was verified by field tests. The research results show that the blasting load primarily affects the damaged area near the borehole, while the in-situ stress affects the far-field crack propagation. The crack propagates in the direction of high surrounding rock pressure. When the uncoupling index is 1.5, the impact pressure of the 60 mm diameter cartridge is 8 times that of the 20 mm diameter cartridge. The impact speed can reach 2 times that of the 20 mm diameter cartridge. The high-energy event of the roof is transferred to the front of the working face, the distribution is no longer concentrated, and a better blasting pressure relief effect is achieved. The research results can help guide the prevention and control measures of rock bursts and other mining disasters.

To strengthen the safety management and control of explosives in underwater blasting construction sites, this study proposes an improved YOLOv11-based network named CRS-Y, designed to enhance the detection accuracy of explosives in complex underwater environments and improve the recognition capability of multi-scale targets. To address the limitations of traditional object detection methods in handling complex backgrounds and low-resolution targets, a lightweight re-parameterized vision transformer was integrated into the C3K module, forming a novel CSP structure (C3K-RepViT) that enhances feature extraction under small receptive fields. In combination with the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMSA) mechanism, the model’s spatial feature representation is further strengthened, enabling a more effective understanding of objects in complex scenes. Furthermore, to reduce the computational cost of the P2 feature layer, a new convolutional structure named SPD-DSConv (Space-to-Depth Depthwise Separable Convolution) is proposed, which integrates downsampling and channel expansion within depthwise separable convolution. This design achieves a balance between parameter reduction and multidimensional feature learning. Finally, the Inner-IoU loss function is introduced to dynamically adjust auxiliary bounding box scales, accelerating regression convergence for both high-IoU and low-IoU samples, thereby optimizing bounding box shapes and localization accuracy while improving overall detection performance and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CRS-Y model achieved superior performance on the VOC2012, URPC2020, and self-constructed underwater blasting datasets, effectively meeting the real-time detection requirements of underwater blasting construction scenarios while exhibiting strong generalization ability and practical value.