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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread species in Eurasia, but its natural range can be significantly altered by a variety of stressors. The ability of pine to regenerate naturally is significantly reduced by its occurrence in unsuitable habitats. The processes of natural selection of pine from select habitats can be followed in stands of national parks where forestry activities are excluded. The possibility of pine regeneration is influenced by the following factors: characteristics of produced seeds, competition, and genetic characteristics. In the present study, selected factors associated with limiting the natural regeneration potential of pine were analysed. The present work generated important information related to the natural regeneration potential of pine in Central and Eastern Europe. The main objective of the analyses was to discuss the possibility of the natural regeneration of pine stands without human intervention. In addition, the genetic diversity of naturally germinating seedlings was analysed. The obtained results confirmed the high reproductive potential of pine despite the advanced age of the studied trees. The obtained seeds produced by old growth Scots pine trees had high viability, while a significant difference was observed in terms of the average number of cones per dominant tree between studied stands. Thus, the number of cones was the main element determining the regeneration potential of the stands. It should be emphasised that the number of cones did not influence the occurrence of natural regeneration. Based on the obtained results, the regeneration potential of pine stands depends mainly on the habitat and the competitive pressure. In addition, a correlation between genetic parameters and the regeneration potential of stands should be established, which may be the beginning of further research on the process discussed in this publication.
Paweł Przybylski; Monika Konatowska; Szymon Jastrzębowski; Anna Tereba; Vasyl Mohytych; Łukasz Tyburski; Paweł Rutkowski. The Possibility of Regenerating a Pine Stand through Natural Regeneration. Forests 2021, 12, 1055 .
AMA StylePaweł Przybylski, Monika Konatowska, Szymon Jastrzębowski, Anna Tereba, Vasyl Mohytych, Łukasz Tyburski, Paweł Rutkowski. The Possibility of Regenerating a Pine Stand through Natural Regeneration. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1055.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Przybylski; Monika Konatowska; Szymon Jastrzębowski; Anna Tereba; Vasyl Mohytych; Łukasz Tyburski; Paweł Rutkowski. 2021. "The Possibility of Regenerating a Pine Stand through Natural Regeneration." Forests 12, no. 8: 1055.
Biodiversity at the species and individual levels is one of the fundamental elements characterizing an ecosystem. It is assumed that the greater the level of biodiversity, the more tolerant the environment is to changes in external conditions. In recent years, dynamic climate change has negatively impacted the health of many forest trees across Europe, in particular Scots pine. Tree health is commonly characterized by crown defoliation. The study presented here describes and correlates crown defoliation with biodiversity indicators at the species and individual tree levels. Research was conducted in two national parks in Poland (Kampinoski and Bory Tucholskie). Since stands have been under legal protection for many years and forest management is not practiced there, stand development processes taking place there are similar to natural ones. This study provided empirical data on ecosystem response to external stresses based on species and genetic structure. The results confirm differing health of the populations, which results from, among other factors, stand age and the environmental conditions in which they grow. Pine stands in both national parks are genetically diverse but with low genetic variability. Differences in stand health are related to the number of alleles forming the genetic pool. This conclusion is supported by a high correlation coefficient for interactions between defoliation, the number of alleles, and the Shannon index for genotypes. This suggests that greater gene diversity is likely to provide a wider range of phenotypic responses to environmental change.
Paweł Przybylski; Vasyl Mohytych; Paweł Rutkowski; Anna Tereba; Łukasz Tyburski; Kateryna Fyalkowska. Relationships between Some Biodiversity Indicators and Crown Damage of Pinus sylvestris L. in Natural Old Growth Pine Forests. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1239 .
AMA StylePaweł Przybylski, Vasyl Mohytych, Paweł Rutkowski, Anna Tereba, Łukasz Tyburski, Kateryna Fyalkowska. Relationships between Some Biodiversity Indicators and Crown Damage of Pinus sylvestris L. in Natural Old Growth Pine Forests. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1239.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Przybylski; Vasyl Mohytych; Paweł Rutkowski; Anna Tereba; Łukasz Tyburski; Kateryna Fyalkowska. 2021. "Relationships between Some Biodiversity Indicators and Crown Damage of Pinus sylvestris L. in Natural Old Growth Pine Forests." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1239.
Forests in Kampinos National Park contain some of the most valuable tree populations in Poland. Particularly interesting are stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that are more than 130-years-old. Periodic observations of the health of tree crowns in these stands facilitates a wide range of research investigations. This article evaluates statistical relationships between allometric features of trees and the occurrence and severity of crown defoliation. Observations were made of 5 pine populations in 2017 and 2019, in which detailed data were collected for 250 trees. The percentage loss of the assimilation apparatus and level of stand damage were calculated. The results revealed a significant increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019. The deterioration of crown condition was particularly evident on the most fertile sites. The degree of crown damage was not correlated with tree height or diameter. The greatest increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019 was observed for the most severely damaged trees growing on fertile sites. This study contributes analyses aimed at correlating the allometric features of a stand with its health. Such information is valuable as it describes the status of the analysed stands, as well as providing information about how trees have responded to environmental conditions. In this study, crown defoliation coincided with a period of drought in Poland, which appears to have affected pine stands. For these reasons, the results are of both scientific and practical value.
Paweł Przybylski; Łukasz Tyburski; Vasyl Mohytych. The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park. Folia Forestalia Polonica 2020, 62, 22 -30.
AMA StylePaweł Przybylski, Łukasz Tyburski, Vasyl Mohytych. The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2020; 62 (1):22-30.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Przybylski; Łukasz Tyburski; Vasyl Mohytych. 2020. "The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 1: 22-30.
The seed orchards (SO) serve possibilities to collect seeds from the selected genotypes or to create artificial population throughout the controlled crossing of the target genotypes. Therefore, the seed material obtained from the clonal and seedling seed orchards offers unique opportunity to improve the genetic value of seeds. Thus, the seed orchards are considered as an important part of the forest seed base being the key object for both modern forestry and forestry research. This paper outlines the forest breeding activities associated with the seed production in the seed orchards in Ukraine over the last 70 years. During this period, the different aspects related to the establishment and management of the seed orchard were studied. In these processes, many failures had occurred, their causes and consequences were described. These main breeding activities were reported considering plain and mountain regions of Ukraine as well as specific aspects of the reproduction of the main forest tree species. As of 2019, the total area of the clonal seed orchards (CSO) reached 1040.3 ha, while seedling seed orchards (SSO) only 273.7 ha. The results of research on the growth, reproductive development, the morphology of the plus trees clones in the SO were generalized. The article on the current problems and challenges for Ukrainian forestry mainly related to forest tree breeding and there was also focus on forest seed industry. For the main forest trees species (Scots pine, English oak and other), targeted breeding programs should be developed. It is relevant to create the genetic bank of the forest seeds.
Yuriy Hayda; Svitlana Los; Roman Yatsyk; Larisa Tereshchenko; Grygoriy Shlonchak; Valentyna Mytrochenko; Ihor Neyko; Viacheslav Samodai; Ludmila Smashnyuk; Marcin Klisz; Vasyl Mohytych. Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future. Folia Forestalia Polonica 2019, 61, 284 -298.
AMA StyleYuriy Hayda, Svitlana Los, Roman Yatsyk, Larisa Tereshchenko, Grygoriy Shlonchak, Valentyna Mytrochenko, Ihor Neyko, Viacheslav Samodai, Ludmila Smashnyuk, Marcin Klisz, Vasyl Mohytych. Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2019; 61 (4):284-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuriy Hayda; Svitlana Los; Roman Yatsyk; Larisa Tereshchenko; Grygoriy Shlonchak; Valentyna Mytrochenko; Ihor Neyko; Viacheslav Samodai; Ludmila Smashnyuk; Marcin Klisz; Vasyl Mohytych. 2019. "Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future." Folia Forestalia Polonica 61, no. 4: 284-298.
Current distributions of Swiss stone pine mostly cover the mountain regions of Europe (Alps and Carpathians). Easternmost distribution of this species is located in western Ukraine. Due to environmental fragmentation in Eastern Carpathians and competition with Norway spruce and other species, marginal populations of Swiss stone pine create isolated island, where other species are not able to cope with harsh conditions. Still, Pinus cembra L. play an important role for soil-formation and soil-protection in high elevations. The evidence of recent reduction in the area of Swiss stone pine raises the question whether the introduction of this species at lower altitudes can be successful? According to the studies conducted on reciprocal transplant experiments, Swiss stone pine population from higher elevation are able to profit in low elevation sites. Thus, parallelly with gene conservation activity, the possibilities of assisted migration should be recognized for this species.
Vasyl Mohytych; Marcin Klisz; Roman Yatsyk; Yuriy Hayda; Mariana Sishchuk. Ecological and genetic aspects of distribution of the marginal populations of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) in Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Forestalia Polonica 2019, 61, 242 -246.
AMA StyleVasyl Mohytych, Marcin Klisz, Roman Yatsyk, Yuriy Hayda, Mariana Sishchuk. Ecological and genetic aspects of distribution of the marginal populations of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) in Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2019; 61 (3):242-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasyl Mohytych; Marcin Klisz; Roman Yatsyk; Yuriy Hayda; Mariana Sishchuk. 2019. "Ecological and genetic aspects of distribution of the marginal populations of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) in Ukrainian Carpathians." Folia Forestalia Polonica 61, no. 3: 242-246.
Existing knowledge of the Ukrainian foresters related to the historical changes and current state of silver fir forests, as well as on the various methods of restoration of such forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians were discussed. Forest cover of fir stands in this region has been diminishing in the last two centuries. Only in the period from 1947 to 1956, the area of fir stands in Ukrainian Carpathians decreased by 38.8%. Currently, the restoration of fir stands in these areas are crucial for Ukrainian forestry. Therefore, the natural as well as artificial regeneration using seeds obtained from seed orchards are currently used. Thus, improving the forest stands’ conditions mostly composed of single-spruce plantations need to be improved through changing the species compositions. However, the restoration of fir stands is time and labour-intensive, and require a long-term strategy.
Vasyl Mohytych; Małgorzata Sułkowska; Marcin Klisz. Reproduction of silver fir (Abies alba Mill) forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Forestalia Polonica 2019, 61, 156 -158.
AMA StyleVasyl Mohytych, Małgorzata Sułkowska, Marcin Klisz. Reproduction of silver fir (Abies alba Mill) forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2019; 61 (2):156-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasyl Mohytych; Małgorzata Sułkowska; Marcin Klisz. 2019. "Reproduction of silver fir (Abies alba Mill) forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians." Folia Forestalia Polonica 61, no. 2: 156-158.