A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna is presented which has UWB characteristics in a medium same as breast. To optimise the antenna for its best operation, effect of variation in different parts of the antenna is analysed and presented. The antenna's characteristics are presented in simulation and experimental measurements. The results of the authors’ study show that the antenna has excellent performance across 4 to more than 9 GHz.

Reconfigurable technology have been widely researched. This review focused on the application of using FPGA as a development reconfigurable platform for a controller solution. It is an embedded system that provides high flexibility to develop complex ICs. The objective of this review is threefold. Firstly, it investigates the contributions of FPGA based controller rather than ASIC. Secondly, to shows the impact and success criteria from previous studies to enhance controllers in terms (response time, complexity, flexibility and cost design). Thirdly, to find out the best methodology of how to use these criteria jointly to improve remarkably controller's performance. The major selected studies rely on four important criteria to improve factor's design; (1) efficiency of tuning and optimization method, (2) robust implementation technology to decrease cost with more flexibility design, (3) type of technology to decrease complexity and minimize area of design, (4) the ability of controller to be used with different order system. In methodology of design, these criteria can enhance significantly the responses of controller, when they are taken jointly not separately. These influences much coordination amongst a variety of development technologies. Based on 26 significant selected papers were published through (2005 to 2016), there are three groups of publications which used these criteria to improve controller. However, not many researchers have paid attention to take all these criteria together to enhance the response time of robotic controller, but they take them separately. This vacuum in scientific development with other technologies could be considered as a barrier for the future development and implementation towards the organizational performance enhancement of the controller systems to be used as a guide for researches.

A double SAW resonator system was developed as a novel method for gas sensing applications. The proposed system was investigated for hydrogen sensing. Commercial Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators with resonance frequencies of 433.92 MHz and 433.42 MHz were employed in the double SAW resonator system configuration. The advantages of using this configuration include its ability for remote measurements, and insensitivity to vibrations and other external disturbances. The sensitive layer is composed of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline nanofibers which were deposited on pre-patterned platinum metal electrodes fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate. This was mounted into the DSAWR circuit and connected in parallel. The sensor response was measured as the difference between the resonance frequencies of the SAW resonators, which is a measure of the gas concentration. The sensor showed good response towards hydrogen with a minimum detection limit of 1%.

High power microwave systems have emerged as a promising new technology that has many applications, which include high power radar, directed energy weapons, laboratory sources for susceptibility and vulnerability testing of electronic systems. These systems are built, applied, and studied in many developed countries such as in United States of America and China. In the recent years, other countries such as Russia, Western Europe, Japan, Taiwan, India, South Korea, and Singapore have also entered the research spheres. In this paper an introduction to the emergence of HPM and the sequential evolution of the technology, that plays an important role in several applications, are discussed. The discussion extends to types of HPM sources, and their effects of electromagnetic interference on electronic systems.