In the modern era of high-tech machines and advanced technologies, Pakistan yet fails to mitigate its daunting energy crisis and power shortage of $2765~MW$ presently, which eventually affects the economy and well-being of the nation. This article highlights and discusses the key issues in the energy sector of Pakistan and how they give rise to the load shedding, tariff rates and environmental damage subsequently. Unfortunately, the country has the highest power production share of 63.9% from thermal power plants and least of about $5-6\%$ from renewable sources. In contrast to renewable sources, the thermal power generation being exhaustible has many drawbacks such as rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, inevitable varying costs, shorter life expectancy and most notably the undesirable environmental impacts. In addition to all this, the transmission and distribution networks need to be upgraded to uplift the current carrying capacity of utility network otherwise may lead to the aging of system equipment, overloading of power and distribution transformers, increasing of power losses and many other factors contributing to the energy and economic concerns in the country. In the view of strategic analysis and detailed study made on the energy sector statistics, it is evident that Pakistan has promising potential of renewable energy resources especially solar, wind, and hydel to overcome the energy, economic and ecological problems in the country particularly and the region as a whole.

With the rising load demand and power losses, the equipment in the utility network often operates close to its marginal limits, creating a dire need for the installation of new Distributed Generators (DGs). Their proper placement is one of the prerequisites for fully achieving the benefits; otherwise, this may result in the worsening of their performance. This could even lead to further deterioration if an effective Energy Management System (EMS) is not installed. Firstly, addressing these issues, this research exploits a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the proper placement of new DGs in a distribution system. This approach is based on the system losses, voltage profiles, and phase angle jump variations. Secondly, the energy management models are designed using a fuzzy inference system. The models are then analyzed under heavy loading and fault conditions. This research is conducted on a six bus radial test system in a simulated environment together with a real-time Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) setup. It is concluded that the optimal placement of a 3.33 MVA synchronous DG is near the load center, and the robustness of the proposed EMS is proven by mitigating the distinct contingencies within the approximately 2.5 cycles of the operating period.

Technology has been developing throughout the world as system moved from manual to auto. This paper is on the smart control panel for controlling the appliances. Appliances are Inductive, resistive and capacitive in nature. Inductive type are mostly motors. Three-phase Induction motor is one of the most common types of electrical machines with vast amount of applications in the entire power system all over the world due to its various advantages such as low starting power, lower maintenance cost etc. For the sake of economy and their longer life, it is very much necessary to provide them with feasible conditions to perform optimal operation with best possible smart protection techniques, this paper is all about the analysis of faults in induction motor on MATLAB/SIMULINK, the provision of optimal protection combining traditional and IOT for both automatic as well as manual method to make it fully controllable based on the requirements of protection engineer for various loads. Control elements used here are vibration as well temperature sensation with IOT based remote data acquisition technique for automatic protection as well as a manual control using a selector switch for automatic as well as manual operation and a molded case circuit breaker for protection purpose.

Distribution networks are inherently radial and passive owing to the ease of operation and unidirectional power flow. Proper installation of Distributed Generators, on the one hand, makes the utility network active and mitigates certain power quality issues e.g., voltage dips, frequency deviations, losses, etc., but on the other hand, it disturbs the optimal coordination among existing protection devices e.g., over-current relays. In order to maintain the desired selectivity level, such that the primary and backup relays are synchronized against different contingencies, it necessitates design of intelligent and promising protection schemes to distinguish between the upstream and downstream power flows. This research proposes exploiting phase angle jump, an overlooked voltage sag parameter, to add directional element to digital over-current relays with inverse time characteristics. The decision on the direction of current is made on the basis of polarity of phase angle jump together with the impedance angle of the system. The proposed scheme at first is evaluated on a test system in a simulated environment under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and, secondly, as a proof of the concept, it is verified in real-time on a laboratory setup using a Power Hardware-in-loop (PHIL) system. Moreover, a comparative analysis is made with other state-of-the-art techniques to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed approach.

Induction motors are widely used from home to industrial applications. Speed of induction motor plays important role, so to control the speed of induction motor various techniques are adopted and one of these techniques is V/F control, which is adopted in this paper. This technique helps to control the speed in open control system in RPM. Moreover, Control is designed in LabVIEW, it is quite helpful to develop the circuit graphically and code is automatically written in the background to run on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The aim of this research is to study the impacts on diverse parameters during speed control of three phase induction machine with manipulation of GPIC. Solar technology is used as input source to drive the General-Purpose Inverter Controller (GPIC). Apart of this, impacts of modulation index and carrier frequency influencing the active, reactive and apparent power, temperature and power quality and current overshoot is analysed. MATLAB/Simulink and LabVIEW tools are used for simulation and results along with GPIC, Induction motor and solar panel as hardware.